2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》全真模拟卷一

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》全真模拟卷一材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Decadesofscientificresearchshowthatstressandanxiety（江南博哥）areprevalentproblemsatwork,contributingtodeficitsinemployeemorale,well-being,andproductivity.1anxietyiscausedbyarangeof2,includingissuesunrelatedtopeople'sjobs,onecommonand3causeissomethingspecifictotheworkplace:incompetentleadership.Managersandleadershavea4effectontheiremployees'stressandanxietylevels.5theysay,feel,anddohugelyinfluencestheirteam's6andemotionalwell-being.Andthemoreseniorleadersare,themorepeopletheyarelikelytoinfluence—positivelyand7.8sadly,fartoofewleadersareawarethattheyhavethispower.Andmanyareoverconfidentintheirleadershipskills,9agapbetweentheirperceivedandactuallevelsof10.Thisexplainswhyevenwell-meaningbossesmayinadvertently11highanxietylevelsintheiremployeesandhavea12capacitytocorrectandimprovetheirbehavior：13youthinkyouareleadingeffectively,whatisthepointofchanging?Itisforthis14thatleadersmustpayagreatdealof15tohowtheyactandcommunicate.Theimportanceofthisisexacerbatedduringtimesofincreaseduncertainty,16weoftenlooktoleaderstoguideusinthefaceoffear,toprovideuswith17anddirection,and,mostofall,togiveusreasonsto18hopefulandoptimistic.Ifyouareamanageroraleader,itisusefulto19somekeypsychologicallessonsabouthowyourbehavior—whatyousay,do,feel,andexpress—20yourteam,especiallywhenyouarenotawareofit.查看材料1.【完形填空】第（1）题选A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.When正确答案：C参考解析：空格处需要填入一个连词，体现前后两个分句的逻辑关系。前面一句是anxietyiscausedbyarangeissuesunrelatedtopeople'sjobs，后一句是onecommoncauseissomethingspecifictotheworkplace，前面是与工作无关的，后面是职场特有的，是比对关系，前后是一个转折，所以C“虽然、尽管”正确。查看材料2.【完形填空】第（2）题选A.factorsB.incentiveC.lureD.components正确答案：A参考解析：factor因素incentive动机lure诱惑component组成部分翻译：焦虑是由多种_____引起的，包括与人们工作无关的问题.本空位于短语iscausedby后，初步可推断此处所填名词的意思与“原因”接近。此外，需要注意的是，本空位于arangeof后，arangeof后接可数名词复数，A“因素”符合题意。查看材料3.【完形填空】第（3）题选A.pervasiveB.meaninglessC.subtleD.unnoticed正确答案：A参考解析：pervasive普遍的、弥漫的

meaningless

无意义的

subtle微妙的、敏感的

unnoticed

忽视的、未被注意的空格朱填写一个形容词，并且与common并列，所以以下选项中与common意思相近的即可。A符合题意。查看材料4.【完形填空】第（4）题选A.mutedB.shortC.slightD.direct正确答案：D参考解析：muted柔和的short短暂的slight轻微的direct直接的翻译：经理和领导者对员工的压力和焦虑水平有_____影响.下一句提到theysay,feel,anddohugelyinfluencestheirteam'semotionalwell-being.他们的言行举止会极大地影响团队的健康。D符合题意。查看材料5.【完形填空】第（5）题选A.WhetherB.WhichC.whatD.That正确答案：C参考解析：该句空格处需要填入一个代词。空格后theysay,feelanddo均为及物动词，后接宾语，空格处的代词能够引导主语从句，并在句中作宾语成分，四个选项中只有选项[C]What“什么”符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料6.【完形填空】第（6）题选A.collectiveB.personalC.physicalD.individual正确答案：C参考解析：collective

共有的、总体的

personal个人的、私人的

physical身体的、物质的

individual单独的、独特的翻译：他们的言行举止会极大地影响团队的____健康和心理健康.

空格处和后面的emotional是并列的，与emotionalwell-being应该是physicalwell-being。C正确。查看材料7.【完形填空】第（7）题选A.rapidlyB.slowlyC.excessivelyD.negatively正确答案：D参考解析：rapidly快速的、迅速的slowly缓慢的excessively过分的、极度的negatively消极的该句空格处需要填入一个副词。此处填人的副词与and之前的positively“积极地”构成并列关系。综合四个选项，只有选项[D]negatively“消极地”与“积极地”构成反义并列关系，最符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料8.【完形填空】第（8）题选A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Therefore正确答案：B参考解析：Then接着、然后but但是thus因此、所以therefore因此、所以第二段尾句的句意为“高级领导者越多，他们可能会影响到的人也越多这种影响包括积极影响和消极影响”，后面一句是很少有领导在意识到他们拥有这种能力，前后两句话之问的逻辑关系为转折关系，B正确。查看材料9.【完形填空】第（9）题选A.creatingB.meltingC.narrowingD.spreading正确答案：A参考解析：create创造、引起melt融化、溶解narrow变窄、压缩spread扩散、铺开翻译：许多人对自己的领导能力过于自信_____这种差距，他们自身所认为的能力水平和和实际能力之间的差距。该句空格处需要填入一个动词，creating“造成、引起”符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料10.【完形填空】第（10）题选A.competenceB.stressC.feelingD.anxiety正确答案：A参考解析：competence能力、权限stess压力feeling感觉anxiety焦虑翻译：许多人对自己的领导能力过于自信，导致他们在自身所认为的_____水平和实际_____水平之间存在差距.前面提到许多人对自己的领导能力过于自信，所有后面的差距应该是自己所认为的自己的能力和实际的能力。所以competence“能力”符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料11.【完形填空】第（11）题选A.accountforB.contributetoC.resultfromD.rootin正确答案：B参考解析：acountfor解释、对...负责contributeto促成、有助于resultfrom由...引起、起因于rootin来源于...翻译：这就解释了为什么即使是好心的老板也可能会无意中______员工的焦虑程度变高…….contributeto“导致”符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料12.【完形填空】第（12）题选A.formidableB.mightyC.irrationalD.limited正确答案：D参考解析：formidable可怕的、令人敬畏的mighty强大的、很irrational不合逻辑的、不理性的limite有限的、受限制的翻译：这就解释了为什么即使是好心的老板也可能会无意中导致员工的焦虑程度变高，并且纠正和改善其行为的能力也_____.最后那句就是对本句的形容，你既然认为自己是很搞笑的领导者，那么你还需要改变什么呢？说明，其纠正和改善自己家行为的能力是不足的，limited“有限的”符合句意。查看材料13.【完形填空】第（13）题选A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhenD.Unless正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：_____你认为自己的领导有效，那么改变的意义何在？空格需填人一个从属连词引导状语从句，冒号前的句子描述的是领导力不足及其影响，冒号后的复合句是对前一句的解释说明，后面是说改变没有意义，那么因果前提是他觉得自己领导有效，不需要改变。所以是因果关系，If“假如、如果”符合句意，故为正确答案。查看材料14.【完形填空】第（14）题选A.approachB.reasonC.wayD.method正确答案：B参考解析：approach方式、途径reason原因way道路、方法method方法翻译：正是由于这一___,所以领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式.四段句首，承接第三段最后一句强调提升老板的领导能力的必要性，本句中的介词for意为“由于；因为”，后面应接表示“原因”的名词，四个选项中只有选项[B]reason“原因；理由”符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料15.【完形填空】第（15）题选A.attractionB.priceC.attentionD.energy正确答案：C参考解析：payattentionto固定搭配“注意”带入原句：领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式.查看材料16.【完形填空】第（16）题选A.soB.asC.thenD.whereas正确答案：B参考解析：翻译：在不确定性增加时，这一点的重要性也更加突出，_____在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们…….由此可见主从句之间的逻辑关系为因果关系，并且该句是解释前面提到的“领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式”这一重要性的原因。四个选项中只有选项[B]as“因为”符合句中的逻辑关系，故为正确选项。查看材料17.【完形填空】第（17）题选A.protectionB.pleasureC.moneyD.clarity正确答案：D参考解析：protection保护pleasure愉快money金钱clarity清晰、清晰地思路翻译：因为在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们，向我们提供_____和指导，空格处需要填入一个名词，须与direction构成并列语义关系，clarity“清晰；清晰的思路”符合本句的句意。D正确。查看材料18.【完形填空】第（18）题选A.feelB.appearC.remainD.prove正确答案：C参考解析：feel感受appear好像、出现remain保持prove证明、保证翻译：因为在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们……最重要的是，让我们有理由____希望和乐观.空格处填入一个系动词和并列形容词构成系表结构，hopeandoptimistic是表示“人的积极心理状态”的形容词，所以需要“维持或保持”。C正确。查看材料19.【完形填空】第（19）题选A.confirmB.resumeC.assumeD.internalize正确答案：D参考解析：confirm确认、确定resume恢复、重新开始assume假设、承担internalize使内在化、吸收翻译：该句空格处需要填入一个动词，空格处动词的作用是积极的，修饰名词短语psychologicallessons(心理课程)，四个选项中只有internalize“使……内化，吸收”跟lessons(课程)形成逻辑通顺的动宾关系，故选项D符合本句的句意，故为正确答案。查看材料20.【完形填空】第（20）题选A.undermineB.impactC.forceD.impress正确答案：B参考解析：undermine逐渐削弱impact影响force强迫impress使...意识、给什么留下印象翻译：如果你是一位经理或领导者，内化吸收一些关于你的言语、表达和感受等行为是如何______团队的重要心理课程是很有用的，尤其是在你没有意识到其重要性的情况下。知经理或领导者的行为会对团队起到作用，即对团队有“影响”，B正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题Abutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsectaloft.Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialpredatorstostayaway,tomimicotheranimalsoreventoprovidecamouflage.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—hichisunchanging.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.Infact,thatisnottrue.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.Oneofhisinterestsistheopticalpropertiesofbiologicalmaterials.Thathasledhimtostudybutterflywingsinmoredetail.And,incollaborationwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.Unlikebirdsandmammals,butterfliesdonotgenerateenoughinternalheattoruntheirmetabolismsatfullpelt.Instead,theyrelyonoutsideheatsources—usuallythesun—tobringtheirbodiesuptospeed.Buttheirwings,beingthinproteinmembranes,havealimitedthermalcapacity.Thosewingscanthereforeoverheatquicklyiftheinsectsbasktoolonginsunlight,or,conversely,cancooldowntoorapidlyiftheyareflyingthroughcoldair.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalasertoheatupspotsonthewingsofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃orso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimiseitsprofiletothelaser,flappingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorswereonthewingsthemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneuronsthatresembledheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyspeculatethatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationaninsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.ThethirddiscoveryDrYuandDrPiercemadetocontradictthe"deadwing"hypothesiswasthatsomebutterflywingshaveaheartbeat.Anyonewhohaslookedcloselyatabutterflywillknowthatitswingshaveveins.Thesecarryabloodlikefluidcalledhaemolymph.Foralongtime,entomologiststhoughttheonlyroleoftheveinswas,bybeingpumpedfullofhaemolymph,toinflatethewingstofullstretchafterabutterflyemergedfromitschrysalis.DrYuandDrPiercehavenowfoundthatinmalehairstreaksthehaemolymphshowsapulseofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.查看材料21.【阅读理解PartA】Theword"camouflage"(Para.1)isclosetinmeaningto_______A.disguiseB.ornamentC.implementD.toxicity正确答案：A参考解析：disguise伪装ornament装饰implement工具toxicity毒性Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialpredatorstostayaway,tomimicotheranimalsoreventoprovidecamouflage.它们可能被用来吸引配偶，警告潜在的捕食者远离它们，模仿其他动物，甚至____自己。该句是并列列举，可根据词汇前面并列的内容进行推测，伪装更为合适。A正确。查看材料22.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph2,theauthor'sattitudetowardDrYu'sdiscoveryis_______A.criticizedB.passiveC.hesitateD.support正确答案：D参考解析：hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.本段没有作者没有明显的话语对于他们研究的看法。通过她们论文在权威机构上的发布，凸显了研究者的权威性，由此可看出，作者是支持的，赞同的，故选项support“支持的”为正确答案。查看材料23.【阅读理解PartA】TheinitialpurposeofDrYuandDrPierce'sresearchonbutterflywingsis_______A.toprovebutterflywingsareversatilelivingorgansB.tolookintobutterflies'bodytemperaturecontrolC.toanalysistheprocessofbutterflies'metabolismsD.toignitebutterflywingstofindheatdetectors正确答案：B参考解析：Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.起初，余博士和皮尔斯博士想知道这些昆虫是如何在不使翅膀过热的情况下保持体温的，B选项tolookintobutterflies’bodytemperaturecontrol“研究蝴蝶的体温控制”，正确。查看材料24.【阅读理解PartA】InParagraph5,researchersblindfoldthebutterfliestoA.obstructtheirpossiblereactionsB.eliminateinterferencefactorsC.measureopticalsensitivityD.probethelocationofsensors正确答案：B参考解析：Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.研究人眼遮住蝴蝶眼睛是为了，排除视觉的影响，由此可知，选项eliminateinterferencefactors“消除干扰因素”为正确答案。查看材料25.【阅读理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingistrueofbutterflywingsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyturnedouttobesimplelivingorgansratherthandeadissue.B.Theroleofveinsisonlytofullinflateandstretchbutterflywings.C.Theneutronsfoundinwingscarryhaemolymphtocreateaheartbeat.D.Theyaresensitivetoambienttemperatureduetosensorycells.正确答案：D参考解析：Theyfoundsome,intheformofneuronsthatresembledheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyspeculatethatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationaninsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.他们发现了一些神经元，类似于其他昆虫的热探测器，由此可知，选项Theyaresensitivetoambienttemperatureduetosensorycells．(由于感觉细胞，蝴蝶对周围温度很敏感)是正确答案。背景材料材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题Therivalriesamongthetechindustry'sgiantshaveoftenresembleda"GameofThrones",inwhichcompaniessuchasFacebook,Google,andAppleconstantlytrytoinvadeoneanother'sonlinekingdoms.OnFebruary19thFacebooktookadramaticsteptodefenditsturf,sayingitwouldpay$19billionforWhatsApp,amessagingservicethathadalsoattractedtheattentionofGoogleandalmostcertainlyothersuitors.Thedealmarksthecoming-of-ageofmessagingapps,whichletpeoplesendtextmessagesandsharephotosandotherstuffwithoutincurringchargesfromtelecomsfirms.Theseappshavebenefitedfromtwoprofoundtrendsthataretransformingthetechnologylandscape.Thefirstoftheseistherapidgrowthofweb-connectedsmartphones,whichhasallowedWhatsAppanditsrivalstospreadlikewildfire.AnnouncingthedealMarkZuckerberg,Facebook'sboss,saidWhatsApphadreached450musersmuchfasterthananyotherwebservice.Ithasalsomadeitselfaddictive：72%ofitsusersareactiveoniteveryday.Andtheviralnatureofitsappealmeansithasachievedallthiswithoutspendingapennyonmarketing.ThesecondtrendbehindWhatsApp'ssuccessisthedramaticdeclineinthecostofbuildingstart-ups.Thankstothingssuchascloudcomputing,whichletsyoungfirmsbuyvastamountsofcheapcomputingcapacity,entrepreneurscancreateglobe-spanningbusinessesonshoestringbudgets.WhatsApphasjust32softwareengineers,whichmeansthateaehonesupportssome14musers.AndthevolumeofmessagesitishandlingissaidtobetheequivalentofalltheSMSmessagestransmittedbytheworld'stelecomscompanies.Indeed,WhatsApp'ssuccessinmanywaysmirrorsthatofFacebookitself,whichcamefromnowheretodominatesocialnetworking.Recently,however,Facebookhasbeenlosingsomeofitscool,especiallyamongyoungerusers.ThatmayexplainwhythefamouslyparanoidMr.Zuckerbergiswillingtopayaking'sransomforacompanythatmightultimatelyeclipsehisowncreation.ButdoesthewhoppingpricetagforWhatsAppmakesense?Assumingitkeepsaddingusersatitscurrentrateof1maday—andtheyenduppayingforitsservice—itcouldgeneratehundredsofmillionsofdollarsofrevenue.MuchwilldependonhowwellMr.ZuckerberggetsonwithJanKoum,thebossofWhatsApp,whoisjoiningFacebook'sboardandwillruntheappasanindependentbusiness.Mr.Koum,whohasawell-knownaversiontocollectingpeople'sdataandplasteringadvertisingoverhisApp,seemsanoddbedfellowforFacebook.Butthedealwasclearlyonethathecouldn'trefuse.查看材料26.【阅读理解PartA】InParagraph1,thephrase"defenditsturf"probablyrefersto______A.reinforceitsbusinessB.protectitsterritoryC.establishitsrealmD.preserveitsreputation正确答案：A参考解析：Therivalriesamongthetechindustry'sgiantshaveoftenresembleda"GameofThrones",inwhichcompaniessuchasFacebook,Google,andAppleconstantlytrytoinvadeoneanother'sonlinekingdoms.技术产业巨擘之间的竞争就好比一场“权利的游戏”，脸书、谷歌和苹果等企业不断地想进军竞争对手的网络领域。所以出乎意料的收购Whatsapp就不仅仅是保护自己的领土，而是巩固增强自己也业务。查看材料27.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraphs2&3,WhatsApp_______A.isbundledwithweb-connectedsmartphones.B.mightbeatypicaleaseofviralmarketing.C.needsmoreengineerstoprocessbigdata.D.cutsitsoperatingcostsduetocloudcomputing.正确答案：D参考解析：Thankstothingssuchascloudcomputing,whichletsyoungfirmsbuyvastamountsofcheapcomputingcapacity,entrepreneurscancreateglobe-spanningbusinessesonshoestringbudgets.

Whatsapp成功的背后体现出的第二个趋势是创建互联网公司的成本急剧下降。多亏了像云计算这样的事务，创业者创建全球性业务的花费大幅度下降。查看材料28.【阅读理解PartA】ThebiggestreasonforFacebook'spurchaseofWhatsAppisthat______A.Facebookislosingitsappealforyoungerusers.B.WhatsApphasamyriadofroyalusers.C.WhatsApphelpsenhanceFacebook'spublicimage.D.Facebook'sdominanceinsocialnetworkingisfading.正确答案：A参考解析：Facebookhasbeenlosingsomeofitscool,especiallyamongyoungerusers.前一句说了Whatsapp的成功有点类似于脸书，然而最近脸书正丧失其魅力，尤其是不招年轻用户喜欢。这也许能够解释为什么扎克伯格先生要花费巨资买下这个公司查看材料29.【阅读理解PartA】JanKoum,accordingtothetext,isprobably_____A.thatrarebirdworkingagainsttechgiants.B.anopponentoftrackingusers'information.C.astrangepartnerforhisunusualworkstyle.D.anadvocateofappswithreal-timeads.正确答案：B参考解析：Mr.Koum,whohasawell-knownaversiontocollectingpeople'sdataandplasteringadvertisingoverhisApp.他反感收集用户数据或者在软件上绑定广告是出了名的。所以B正确。查看材料30.【阅读理解PartA】Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthedeal?A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.正确答案：A参考解析：ButdoesthewhoppingpricetagforWhatsAppmakesense?Assumingitkeepsaddingusersatitscurrentrateof1maday—andtheyenduppayingforitsservice—itcouldgeneratehundredsofmillionsofdollarsofrevenue.假设它的用户以现在每天一百万的速度增加，并且这些新用户最终为其服务付费，那么它可以获得上亿美元的收入。可见，作者对这笔交易是持肯定的态度的。A正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答31-35题Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphlets,newslettersandbroadsides."Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareverycommodiousforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews",notedoneobserver.Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.TheInternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,social,diverseandpartisan,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Sowhat,manywillsay,ifjournalistshavelessstablecareers?Allthesame,twoareasofconcernstandout.Thefirstworryisthelossof"accountabilityjournalism",whichholdsthepowerfultoaccount.Shrinkingrevenueshavereducedtheamountandqualityofinvestigativeandlocalpoliticalreportingintheprintpress.Butold-stylejournalismwasneverquiteasmorallyupstandingasjournalistsliketothink.Indeed,theNewsoftheWorld,aBritishnewspaperwhichhasbeencaughthackingintopeople'smobilephones,isaverytraditionalsortofscandalsheet.Meantime,theInternetisspawningnewformsofaccountability.Agrowingbandofnon-profitoutfitssuchasProPublica,theSunlightFoundationandWikiLeaksarehelpingtofillthegapleftbythedeclineofwatchdogmedia.Thisisstillaworkinprogress,butthedegreeofactivityandexperimentationprovidescauseforoptimism.Thesecondconcernhastodowithpartisanship.Inthemass-mediaeralocalmonopoliesoftenhadtoberelativelyimpartialtomaximisetheirappealtoreadersandadvertisers.Inamorecompetitiveworldthemoneyseemstobeincreatinganechochamberforpeople'sprejudices:thusFoxNews,aconservativeAmericancable-newschannel,makesmoreprofitsthanitslessstridentrivals,CNNandMSNBC,combined.Whatistobedone?Atasocietallevel,notmuch.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Buttherearestepsindividualscantaketomitigatetheseworries.Asproducersofnewjournalism,theycanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbecatholicintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thisismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheageoftheInternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.查看材料31.【阅读理解PartA】ItissuggestedinParagraph1thattheInternetallowsnewsA.todegeneratebacktocenturiesago.B.tofitinpeople'sdailyroutine.C.toturntoatwo-wayconversation.D.toreshapesocietyandpolitics.正确答案：C参考解析：前段描述了300年前，新闻传递的方式。now，thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse。然后说互联网提高了新闻的参与性、社交性，使新闻业正回到接近于咖啡屋的状态。指的是人们在网上对新闻进行评论、反馈，将新闻的传播变成了一种意见的交换和对话。C正确。查看材料32.【阅读理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs2and3that"accountabilityjournalism"isA.integraltothenewsindustry.B.exclusivetocareerjournalists.C.tuneddownbytherisingcost.D.celebratedbyliberalprinciple.正确答案：A参考解析：Thefirstworryisthelossof"accountabilityjournalism"，第二段末尾提出，如果记者这个职业不再那么稳定，会有两个方面的担忧。“新闻问责制”的缺失是人们的两大担忧之一。可见“新闻问责制”是新闻业不可或缺的核心原则。A正确。查看材料33.【阅读理解PartA】TheexampleoftheNewsoftheWorldshowsthatA.printedpressisunderconstantsurveillanceB.traditionaljournalismisn'tmorallyimpeccable.C.newsagenciespossessadvancedtechnology.D.journalistsarelosingfaithintheircareer.正确答案：B参考解析：old-stylejournalismwasneverquiteasmorallyupstandingasjournalistsliketothink，然后后门举了一个《世界新闻报》入侵人们手机的例子。说明传统新闻业在道德上不是无可挑剔的。B正确。查看材料34.【阅读理解PartA】TheauthortruststheInternet'saccountabilityinthatA.technologyhaseliminatedthepossibilityoffraud.B.foundationsarepouringmoneyintothefield.C.non-profitorganizationshavemorecredibility.D.partiesinvolvedaredoingpromisingwork.正确答案：D参考解析：thedegreeofactivityandexperimentationprovidescauseforoptimism.一批非营利机构有助于填补因监督媒体的衰落而留下的空白，他们已经做过的工作让人对他们有信心，因此[D]正确。查看材料35.【阅读理解PartA】WelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatnewsindustryintheInterneteraA.breedsmoremonopoliesthanbefore.B.catersforpeople'sprejudices.C.makesmoreprofitthanmass-mediaera.D.hasbeenchangedbytheeffortsofindividuals.正确答案：B参考解析：Inamorecompetitiveworldthemoneyseemstobeincreatinganechochamberforpeople'sprejudices:thusFoxNews,aconservativeAmericancable-newschannel,makesmoreprofitsthanitslessstridentrivals,CNNandMSNBC,combined.在大众传媒时代，本地垄断媒体常常不得不相对中立以最大限度的吸引读者和广告商。可见互联网时代的新闻业迎合了人们的偏见。B正确。背景材料材料题根据以下材料，回答36-40题Skyrocketingtuitionfeeshavemadetheheadlines,leavingmanywonderingwhethercollegeismovingoutofreachofthemiddleclass.Butwhilecostshaveindeedrisen,suchstoriestendtoexaggeratethemagnitudeoftheincreasebycitingthepublishedor"sticker"costofcollege,ratherthantheactualcost.Since1990thestickerpricesofpublicandprivatecollegeshaveincreased104%and67%respectively.Butoncescholarshipsandgrantsareaddedin,thosenumbersdropto72%and24%.Whythediscrepancy?Partofthereasonisanincreasedpracticeofpricediscrimination,economicjargonfortheactofchargingsomecustomersmorethanothersforthesameproductbasedontheirwillingnesstopay.Collegesareexceptionallygoodpricediscriminatorsbecausetheyhaveperfectknowledgeoftheirapplicants'finances.Studentsseekingfinancialaidmustfilloutaformdisclosingboththeirfamily'sincomeandfinances.Thatinformation,alongwithanapplicant'sacademicrecordsallowuniversitiestogaugeastudent'soutsideoptionandformadecentestimateofhowmuchtheyarewillingtocoughup.Settingahighstickerpriceconvenientlyforcesmoreapplicantstorevealtheirfinances.Richstudentscarelessabouttheprice,andcollegesmaybehappytotaketheirmoneyprovidedthatstudentspassaminimumstandardofacademicachievement.Foreveryoneelse,theeconomicsgetcomplicated.Justasthereisalimitednumberofspotsattopuniversities,therearealimitednumberofbrilliantapplicants.Inordertokeepupacademicstandards,collegeshavetobewillingto"bid"onapplicantswithscholarships.Thegametheorybehindtheuniversityadmissionsisfascinatingtoobservers,butmaddeningforstudentstryingtodecideonacollege.TwoyearsagoPresidentObamaproposedthatthefederalgovernmentcreateitsowncollegerankingsystemtoprovidesomeclaritytoapplicants.Producinganysortoffairandcomprehensiverankingssystemwasalwaysgoingtobedifficultandtheeducationestablishmentwaspredictablycritical.OnSeptember12,theObamaadministrationrevealedthatithadscaleditsambitionrightbackbylaunchinga"collegescorecard",whichinsteadofassigningagradetocolleges,merelyallowedprospectivestudentstocomparecollegesbythreefactors:graduationrate,averageannualcostofattendanceandmedianearningsofalumni.Allprivatecollegeshaveroughlythesamestickerprice,butnetpricesvarysignificantly.Forthericheststudents,moreselectiveschoolstendtocostmore,whileforlowandmiddle-incomestudents,justtheoppositeistrue.Onaverage,lessselectiveuniversitiestendtohaveverylittleintheformofinvestmentincome.Instead,inordertoattractbrightstudentsfromlower-families,theymustrelyonrichstudentstosubsidizethepoor.Thisisadmirable,butitalsohastheeffectofdrivinguptuition.ArecentpaperfromtheUniversityofChicagoshowsthatwhilepricediscriminationdoeshelppoorerstudents,70%ofthebenefitswenttotheuniversitiesthemselves.Worseyet,higherstickerpricesdiscouragepoorerstudentsfromapplyingtoprestigiousuniversities.Mr.Obama'scollegescorecarddoesn'tbegintoanswertheriddleofcollegefinances.查看材料36.【阅读理解PartA】Whydocollegesusuallysetahighstickerprice?A.Toappealtoapplicantswithbetteracademicrecords.B.Foraneasierevaluationofstudents'readinesstopay.C.Toselectapplicantsinneedofeconomicassistance.D.Forformingamoreeffectivescholarshipdistributingsystem.正确答案：B参考解析：高校设定较高的标价会促使更多的申请者透露自己的财务状况，高校会根据学生申请表上的家庭财务信息和成绩单去推测该学生有无其他入学选择，并合理预估其支付学费的意愿，以实现区别定价，由此可知，高校设定较高的标价是为了评估申请者的支付意愿，因此[B]正确。查看材料37.【阅读理解PartA】ThepurposeofcollegeofferingscholarshipsistoA.guaranteetheexcellenceofenrollees.B.helpstudentsmakeinformeddecisions.C.maintainarequiredacademicstandard.D.relieveapplicantsofthefinancialburden.正确答案：C参考解析：therearealimitednumberofbrilliantapplicants.Inordertokeepupacademicstandards,collegeshavetobewillingto"bid"onapplicantswithscholarships.

C正确。查看材料38.【阅读理解PartA】TheadministrationabandoneditscollegeratingsystemduetoA.thelaunchofscorecardinitiative.B.thecriticismsufferedfromeducationinstitutions.C.theincompatibilitywitheducationalaims.D.theinfeasibilityofapropersystem.正确答案：D参考解析：Producinganysortoffairandcomprehensiverankingssystemwasalwaysgoingtobedifficult

andtheeducationestablishmentwaspredictablycritical.OnSeptember12,theObamaadministrationrevealedthatithadscaleditsambitionrightbackbylaunchinga"collegescorecard"奥巴马总统“建立官方的大学排名体系”的提议几乎行不通，接下来指出政府放弃大学排名体系，推出“大学记分卡”项目，实施此举是因为建立公平的综合排名体系不可行。D正确。查看材料39.【阅读理解PartA】Inthefifthparagraph,"justtheoppositeistrue"meansthatA.themoreselectivethecollegesare,themorestudentspay.B.poorstudentsspendlessincollegesoflowadmissionsrate.C.thenetpricesarerelativelylowinmoreselectivecolleges.D.low-incomestudentstendtospendlessinlessselectivecolleges.正确答案：B参考解析：moreselectiveschoolstendtocostmore,whileforlowandmiddle-incomestudents,justtheoppositeistrue.富裕的学生在录取率低的学校就读花费较多，而对于中低收入家庭的学生而言，情况恰恰相反.B正确。查看材料40.【阅读理解PartA】WemayinferfromthelastparagraphthatA.theauthorapprovescross-subsidizationamongstudents.B.thecurrentcollegescore