上海市嘉定区2018届高中三年级下学期教学质量调研(二模)英语试题(无听力)

...wd......wd......wd...2018嘉定区高考英语二模2018.4II.GrammarandVocabularySectionAStephenHawking:Science’sBrightestStar HisfamilyreleasedastatementintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorningconfirminghisdeathathishomeinCambridge. Hawking’schildren,Lucy,RobertandTim,saidinastatement:“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinaryman(21)______workandlegacywillliveonformanyyears.〞 Forfellowscientistsandlovedones,itwasHawking’sintuitionandwickedsenseofhumor(22)______markedhimoutasmuchasthefierceintellectthat,coupledwithhisillness,cametosymbolize(23)______unboundedpossibilitiesofthehumanmind. HawkingwasdriventoWagner,butnotthebottle,whenhe(24)______(diagnose)withmotorneuronediseasein1963attheageof21.Doctorsexpectedhim(25)______(live)foronlytwomoreyears.ButHawkinghadaformofthediseasethatprogressedmoreslowlythanusual.Hesurvivedformorethanhalfacentury. Hawkingonceestimatedheworkedonly1,000hoursduringhisthreeundergraduateyearsatOxford.Inhisfinals,hecameclose(26)______afirst-andsecond-classdegree.(27)______(convince)thathewasseenasadifficultstudent,hetoldhisexaminersthatiftheygavehimafirsthewouldmovetoCambridgetopursuehisphD.Awardasecondandhethreatenedtostay.Theyoptedforafirst. Thosewholiveintheshadowofdeathareoftenthosewholivemost.ForHawking,theearlydiagnosisofhisterminaldisease,and(28)______(witness)thedeathfromleukemiaofaboyheknewinhospital,arousedafreshsenseofpurpose.“(29)______therewasacloudhangingovermyfuture,Ifound,tomysurprise,thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore.Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch,〞heoncesaid.Takinguphiscareerinearnest,hedeclared:“Mygoalissimple.Itisacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse,whyitis(30)______itisandwhyitexistsatall.〞SectionBA.analysisB.usuallyC.assuresD.poursE.developmentF.necessaryG.cloudyH.absentI.cultivateJ.allowK.extremelyHeiskindly TheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr.andMrs.F.ScottFitzgerald,andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton,whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto__31__himselfintoagreatauthor.Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor.Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife__32__meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise,butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit__33__toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround.ThatTheVegetable,hisplay,didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohavedisappointedratherthandiscouragedhim.Heisstill__34__light-hearted. Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists.Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle,northesuperbqualityofhissatire(挖苦).Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand__35__ofcharacter.Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathispeculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill__36__. BorninSt.Paul,heattendedPrinceton,servedintheArmy,wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp,achievedfameandfortune,marriedaSoutherngirl,hasachildandlivesinNewYork.Atheart,heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters.ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF.ScottFizgerald,andintohisownbestworkhe__37__greatefforts.Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers,andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness.Ihaveknownhim,afterreadingayoungfellow-novelist’sbook,totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy,careful__38__. Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains__39__.Withafirmerreputationthanthatoftheotheryoungpeople,heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet,CyrilHume.Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework.Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe__40__theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionAStandardsforSchools:DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability(绩效) Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteacher’sknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades,timeforteacherstowork__41__withstudentstoaccomplishchallenginggoals,opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother,andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir__42__. Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible,theymust,likeotherprofessionalorganizations,makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives.Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmeetregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe__43__ofeachaspectoftheirwork–apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation(评定)requirements,-schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness. AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation:GettingAccountabilityRight,school-levelaccountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool__44__,likethosecommoninmanyothernations,inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms,__45__samplesofstudentwork,andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences,__46__lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores,graduationrates,andsoon.Insomecases,principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons.Inthisway,theinspectorsareabletomake__47__abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence(能力)forprincipals.Asdescribedearlier,inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe__48__andcomparabilityofschool-basedassessments(asinEnglandandAustralia),aswellasschool’sinternalassessmentandevaluationprocess(asinHongKong). Inmostcountries’inspectionsystems,schoolsareratedonthequalityofinstructionandotherservicesandsupports,aswellasstudents’__49__andprogressonawiderangeofaspects,includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas,suchasextra-curricular,personalandsocial__50__,theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe__51__towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda__52__lifestyle.Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection,needmodestimprovements,orrequireseriousintervention(介入),andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspectorsbothsawand__53__.Reportsarepubliclyposted.Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert__54__andsupport,andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits.Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe__55__iftheyarenotimproved.41. A.occasionally B.closely C.strictly D.peacefully42. A.challenges B.competence C.curriculum D.practices43. A.effectiveness B.faults C.progress D.requirements44. A.instruction B.protection C.inspection D.consideration45. A.taking B.improving C.examining D.copying46. A.asfaras B.ratherthan C.otherthan D.aswellas47. A.judgments B.decisions C.inquiries D.suggestions48. A.quantity B.quality C.instruction D.support49. A.education B.performance C.attention D.interest50. A.responsibility B.structure C.resources D.benefits51. A.frequency B.consistence C.satisfaction D.extent52. A.comparable B.healthy C.different D.unique53. A.appreciated B.criticized C.recommended D.rewarded54. A.attention B.programs C.evaluation D.explanations55. A.setdown B.putdown C.closeddown D.pulleddownSectionB(A)EyeScanTechnologyComestoSchoolsABCNews:ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictnowcansubmittoiris(虹膜)scans,asthetechnologythathelpskeepournation’sairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives.Whenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriverWhenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriver’slicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan.Iftheirisimagecamerarecognizeshisorhereyes,thedoorclicksopen. Asmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict,butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool,theywillbeaskedtoregisterwiththedistrict’sirisrecognitionsecurityandvisitormanagementsystem.Atthispoint,theNewJerseyprogramisnotamust. Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson,thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice.Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds. ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport,wheretheprogramhasbeeninoperationsinceJuly.Ithas12,000subscriberswhopay$79.95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks. Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetails—farmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints.Thechancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes. PhilMeara,theFreeholdDistrictofficial,saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive,theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection.“Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis,hereinNewJersey,onschoolsafety,〞hesaid.“Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem.〞 Mearaappliedfora$369,000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool.Sofar,300ofthenearly1,500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschoolhaveregisteredfortheeyescansystem.56. WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem? A.Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren. B.ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools. C.Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem. D.Tocollecttheinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents.57. Whatmakestheeyesansystemmoreaccuratethanthefingerprintsystem? A.Processingthedataoftheauthorizedpeoplefaster. B.Identifyingthedataoftheadultstopickupchildren. C.Submittingthedataoftheauthorizedpeopleconveniently. D.Providingfarmoreuniquedetailsoftheauthorizedones.58. HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren? A.Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem. B.Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools. C.Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram. D.ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp.59. Theeyescansystemcanbebestdescribedas______. A.safeandcheap B.portableanduseful C.smartandaccurate D.popularandhelpful(B)SeniorManagerMajorGiftFundraising&SpecialProjects BlindVeteransUKisthenationalcharityhelpingblindex-servicemenandwomenleadindependentandfulfillinglives.Weofferblindveteransaccesstothehighestqualityofservicestohelpthemdiscoverlifebeyondsightloss.WehaveanexcitingopportunityforaninnovativeandresourcefulindividualtojoinourPartnershipsteambasedatourheadquartersinLondon.TheteamfocusesonsecuringdonationsfromHNWIs,TrustsandCompanies.ThisrolefocusesonsecuringsupportfromHNWIs.Thespecialprojectsaspectoftherolerelatestoannualactivitiesthatofferanopportunitytodeveloprelationshipswiththetargetaudience. Wearelookingforanexperiencedindividualwithasoundtrackrecordinthefollowingareas:IdentifyingprospectswiththecapacityandtendencytosupportDevelopingandimplementingcultivationandmarketingstrategiesManagingadocumentofcurrentaswellasprospectivemajordonorsPlanninganddrivingpeertopeerfundraisingOrganizingpromotioneventsDeliveringagainstapersonaltargetandteamtargetsThesuccessfulcandidatewillalsohavesomepeoplemanagementexperienceandanexpertinmajorgiftfundraisingprocesseswillbeconsideredaspriority.Inreturnforyourtalent,weoffercompetitiveconditionsofserviceandaconduciveenvironment.Toapply,pleasesendyouruptodateCVandSupportingStatementofnotmorethan500wordstoRecruitment.Ldn@.uk,outlininghowyourskillsandexperiencemeetthepersonspecification.Interviewdate:Weekstartingfrom26March2018PleasenoteonlyapplicantswhosubmitaCVwithasupportingstatementwillbeconsidered. Duetothehighnumberofenquiriesandapplicationswereceiveforourvacancieswedon’tacknowledgeeachone–ifyouhaven’theardfromuswithinaweekoftheclosingdate,pleaseassumethatwewon’tbeinvitingyouforaninterview.Youare,ofcourse,welcometotryagainifasuitablepostcomesup.Weareunabletoprovidefeedbacktocandidatesnotshortlistedforinterview.60. Thepassageismainlywrittento______. A.invitepeopletojointhefundraisingevents B.seektherightpersontobeSeniorManager C.informtheblindveteransofmoneyservice D.attracttheinterestofpotentialdonors61. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE? A.Theapplicationfailsifoneisn’tinformedbefore26March. B.Theapplicationshouldincludealengthypersonalstatement. C.Alltheapplicantswillreceiveaninvitationbeforeinterview. D.Theapplicantsshouldsendhisapplicationwhenheisfree.62. Whatexperienceismostlikelytohelpacandidatestandout? A.Peoplemanagementexperience. B.Annulactivitiesexperience. C.Peertopeerfundraisingexperience. D.Large-scalefundraisingexperience.(C) Asbusinessesandgovernmentshavestruggledtounderstandtheso-calledmillennials—bornbetweenroughly1980and2000—onefrequentconclusionhasbeenthattheyhaveauniqueloveofcities.Adeep-seatedpreferencefornightlifeandsubways,thethinkinggoes,hasdriventheprosperityofurbancoresacrosstheU.S.overthelastdecade-plus. Butthere’smountingevidencethatmillennials’loveofcitieswasonlyapassingfling(放纵).Millennialsdon’tlovecitiesanymorethanpreviousgenerations. ThelatestargumentcomesfromDowellMyers,anurbanplanningprofessoratUSC.Astheyage,saysMyers,millennials’presenceincities,will“beevaporating…throughourfingers,ifwedon’tmakesomeplansnow.〞That’sbecausemillennials’preferenceforcitieswillfadeastheystartfamiliesandbecomemoreestablishedintheircareers. It’saboutmorethanaging,though.DemographerWilliamFreyhasbeenarguingforyearsthatmillennialshavebecome‘stuck’incitiesbythe2008downturnandthefollowingslowrecovery,withpoorjobprospectsanddecliningwagesmakingitharderforthemtoaffordtobuyhomesinsuburbia. Myers,too,saysobservershaveconfusedyoungpeople’spresenceincitieswithapreferenceforcities.Surveydatashowsthatmoremillennialswouldliketobelivinginthesuburbsthanactuallyare.Butthenormalcareerandfamilycyclesmovingyoungpeoplefromcitiesintosuburbanhouseshavebecome,inMyers’words,“apluggedupdrain.〞 Butunemploymenthasfinallyreturnedtohealthylows(thoughparticipationratesandwagesarestilllargelydepressing),whichMyerssaysshouldfinallyincreasemobilityformillennials. Othertrendsamongmillennials,supposedlymattersoflifestylepreference,havealreadyturnedouttohavebeendrivenmostlybyeconomics.Whatwasonceconsideredtheirbroadpreferenceforpublictransitmayhavealwaysbeenanow-reversinginabilitytoaffordcars.Evendecades-longtrendstowardsmarryinglaterhavebeenstressedastoday’syoungpeoplestruggleforfinancialstability. Investorsarealreadytakingtheideathatmillennialswillreturntooldbehaviorpatternsseriously,puttingmoremoneyintoautomanufacturersanddevelopers.Buturbanlifestyles,uptoandincludingtrendybars,aren’tjustmodern—they’reapartofwhatpowersacity’seconomicengines,bringingpeopletogethertoexplorenewideas,createcompanies,andbuildcareers. Fromthe1960stothe1990s,wesawthatsuburbanizationalsomeansaneconomicandsocialhollowingoutforcities.Nowthattheeconomicrestrictionsarecomingofftoday’syoungcityresidents,citiesthatwanttostayvibranthavetofigureouthowtoconvincethem—andtheirgrowingfamilies—tostickaround.63. Overthelastdecade,whatisthoughttohaveensuredtheprosperityofthecity? A.Fasteconomicdevelopment. B.Around-the-clockclubservices. C.Convenientpublictransport. D.Well-establishedcareers.64. WhyareMillennialsabouttoleavecity? A.Itistooexpensiveforthemtobuyapartmentincities. B.Theyfinditdifficultfortoseekagoodjobincities. C.Itiseasiertogetmarriedmovingtothesuburban. D.Theyaremoreconfidentwiththeireconomicsituation.65. WhatdoestheauthormeanquotingMyer’s“apluggedupdrain〞(para5)? A.Millennialsarereluctanttoleaveattractivecities. B.Millennialsarestoppedfrommovingtothesuburbs. C.Millennialsareunwillingtobecutofffromthesuburban. D.Millennialsareafraidofanothereconomicdecline.66. Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuburbanization? A.signofstablefinance. B.Agrowthofhealthissues. C.Aconflictofnewideas. D.Alossofmodernlife.SectionCA.Someexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts.B.Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade.C.InancientGreekmyths,Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighlycivilized.D.ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture.E.Minoanculturedidn’texistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth.F.Althoughnotyetdecoded,writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts.TheMinoans:AForgottenPeople ThefirstadvancedcultureinancientGreecewastheMinoanculture.Forthousandsofyears,knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths.Inthelate19thcentury,archaeologistsbegantounearthruins.ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece.OnadiginKbossos,Evansfoundanancientpalace.ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKingMinos,acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths. ____67____Withhisteam,heuncoveredavaststructure,variedworksofart,andmanyhieroglyphicrecords,Thesefinds,togetherwithlaterfinds,compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture. Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered,itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime.ThepalaceatKnossoswasfivefloorshighwithhundredsofrooms.Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets.Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads.Inaddition,theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong-distancetrade.____68_____Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture. ExpertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffersinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety.____69____Ruinsandartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality.ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls,thenaturalworld,andmanyfemalegods. AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests.SportandvisualartswerecentraltoMinoanlife.Boxingandbulljumping,asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls,werepopular.Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose,expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun.Similarly,althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes,otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdécor(装饰品).____70_____ TheMinoansmettheirdemiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters.ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland.IV.SummaryWritingTheConflictoftheOrders ThetypesofpeoplewhoservedasofficialsintheRomangovernmentchangedovertime.Thesechangesstemmedfromtheattemptsofcommonpeopletomorerights.ThestrugglesbecameknownastheConflictoftheOrders. Intheearlyrepublic,Romansweredividedintotwoclassesofpeople:patriciansandplebeians.Patricianswerepowerfullandownerswhocontrolledthegovernment.Asnobles,theyinheritedtheirpower.Plebeians,whomadeupmostofthepopulation,weremainlyfarmersandworkers.Formanyyears,plebeianshadfewrights.Theycouldvote,buttheywerebarredfromholdingmostpublicoffices.PlebeianscouldnotevenknowRomanlawsbecauselawswerenotwrittendown.Incourt,ajudgestatedandappliedthelaw,butonlypatriciansservedasjudges. Overtime,plebeiansincreasedtheirpowerthroughdemandandstrikes.Theygainedtherighttojointhearmy,holdgovernmentoffice,formtheirownassembly,andelectleaders.Inoneoftheirgreatestvictories,theyforcedthegovernmenttowritedownthelawsoftheRomanRepublic.Inab