山西省朔州市怀仁市2023-2024学年高二下学期5月期中英语试题【含答案解析】

怀仁市2023—2024学年度下学期高二第一次教学质量调研试题英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Ateacher.B.Anofficer.C.Astudent.2.WhattimedidSuzyleavehome?A.4:30.B.5:00.C.5:15.3.Whatistheman’ssuggestion?A.Goingtotheconcert.B.Goingtoseeashow.C.Justwalkingaround.4.Howlonghastherainlasted?A.5days.B.6days.C.7days.5.Whatopiniondotheyholdontheirchemistrycourse?A.It’swellorganized.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itisunsatisfactory.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答6、7题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inaschool.C.Inabookstore.7.WhyisWilliamShakespearementioned（提及）intheconversation?A.Hegavegiftstomillionsofpeople.B.Hewasaverywealthymaninhistimes.C.Hissignature（签名）isworthalotofmoney.听第7段材料，回答第8至11题。8.Whatarethemanandwomanlookingfor?A.Acomfortablehotel.B.Amodernhotel.C.Aninexpensivehotel.9.Whomdidthemanandwomanaskforhelp?A.Apolicewoman.B.Awaitress.C.Apasser-by.10.Wherecouldthemanandwomanfindahoteltheyneeded?A.Inthenextstreet.B.Nexttoabank.C.Two-minutedrivetothewest.11.Wheredidtheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inastreet.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12.Whatwouldthewomanliketodothisweekend?A.Goclimbing.B.Goshopping.C.Gofishing.13.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonSaturday?A.Checkhisschedule.B.Stayathome.C.Helphissistermove.14.Howwillthemangetintouchwiththewoman?A.Bymakingaphonecalltothewoman’shouse.B.Bymakingaphonecalltothewoman’smother’shouse.C.Bymakingacalltohercellphone.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Listeningtomusic.B.Seeingafilm.C.Writingaletter.16.HowlongwillthewomanstayinJapan?A.Forayear.B.Foramonth.C.Fortwoyears.17.WhatwillthewomandobeforesheleavesforJapan?A.ReadmoreJapanesenovels.B.Attendalanguageclass.C.Applyforanewprogram.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthecauseoftheexplosion?A.Itisunknown.B.Theirtruckswereattacked.C.Atourbusslidoffahighway.19.WhathappenedearlyonSaturdaymorning?A.ARussianrocketwassentup.B.Atourbusslidoffahighway.C.Threeaidworkerswerekilled.20.Howmanypeoplewerekilledinthegasexplosion?A.Atleast4.B.About30.C.Over40.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASomeChinaPodcasts(播客)toListentoWhetheryou’reanold-timeroranewcomertoChina,there’salwaysmoretolearnaboutthisawesomecountry.Tohelpinyournever-endingthirstforknowledge,we’veroundedupsomemostentertainingChina-focusedpodcaststhathitoneverythingfromhistorytobusiness.TechBuzzChinabyPandailyTechBuzzChinabyPandailyisatechnologypodcastaboutChina’sinnovations.Itsco-hostedbyRuiMaandYingLu,whoarebothseasonedChina-watcherswithyearsofexperienceworkinginthetechnologyspaceinthecountry.TheyshareanddiscussthemostimportanttechnewsfromChinaeveryweek.TheChinaHistoryPodcastStartedin2010,LaszloMontgomerypresentstopicsthatcover5,000yearsofChinesehistoryandculture.TheshowhasalotofunknownandinterestinghistorylessonsthathelpprovidemorecolorastowhyChinaisthewayitis.TopicslikethehistoryofTangpoetry,ortheHokkienpeopleareanalyzedandexplored.ChinaUntoldTheChinaUntoldpodcastisaprogramthataimstointroducelistenerstolesser-knownstoriesfromtheMiddleKingdom.FromurbantalesandextinctreligionstoChina’sroleintheexplorationofspace,thispodcasthostedbyMattBossons,isyouressentialguidetotheunusualandwonderfulaspectsoftheworld’smosthighlypopulatednation.TheWasaiShowTheWasaiShowishostedbyNetoTrevinofromMexicoandAliceHewhoisalocalChinese.Ineachepisode,storiesarecollectedfromlistenersaboutatopicandsharedinafunnywaybybothcomedians.ThefirsthalfoftheshowispresentedinEnglish,followedbyaChinesesection.1.Whoarethepodcastsintendedfor?A.ForeignersinChina. B.Chinesehistorians.C.Technologyenthusiasts. D.PodcasthostsinChina.2.Whichpodcastmaytalkaboutancientpoems?A.TechBuzzChinabyPandaily B.TheChinaHistoryPodcastC.ChinaUntold D.TheWasaiShow3.WhatdoweknowaboutTheWasaiShowaccordingtothetext?A.ItisatalkshowaboutlocalChineselife.B.Ithasasinglehostdiscussingvarioustopics.C.Itfeaturestwohostssharingstoriesfromlisteners.D.ItincludesinterviewswithexpertsonChineseculture.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是一些以中国为主题的最有趣的播客。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Whetheryou’reanold-timeroranewcomertoChina,there’salwaysmoretolearnaboutthisawesomecountry.Tohelpinyournever-endingthirstforknowledge,we’veroundedupsomemostentertainingChina-focusedpodcaststhathitoneverythingfromhistorytobusiness.(无论你是在中国很多年还是刚到中国，关于这个令人敬畏的国家，你总有更多的东西需要了解。为了满足你永无止境的求知欲，我们收集了一些最有趣的中国播客，从历史到商业，无所不包。)”可推知，这些播客的观众是在中国的外国人，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheChinaHistoryPodcast部分的“TopicslikethehistoryofTangpoetry,ortheHokkienpeopleareanalyzedandexplored.(分析和探索比如唐诗的历史，或者闽南人的话题。)”可知，播客TheChinaHistoryPodcast会谈论古诗，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TheWasaiShow部分的“TheWasaiShowishostedbyNetoTrevinofromMexicoandAliceHewhoisalocalChinese.Ineachepisode,storiesarecollectedfromlistenersaboutatopicandsharedinafunnywaybybothcomedians.(WasaiShow由来自墨西哥的NetoTrevino和当地华人AliceHe主持。在每一集里，从听众那里收集关于一个话题的故事，并由两位喜剧演员以有趣的方式分享。)”可知，播客TheWasaiShow的特色是两位主持人以有趣的方式分享听众的故事。故选C。BApotatofarmer,CliffYoungtookpartinaSydneytoMelbourneultramarathon(超级马拉松)racein1983.Coachedbyhismotherwhowas81atthetime,CliffYoungstartedthemarathonwithworkshoesandworkclothes.Competingagainstworld-classmarathonrunnerswhowerebackedupbybigsportscompaniesandspenthundredsofhourspreparingfortherace,CliffYoung’strainingmethodwasjustrunningafterhissheep.Hetoldtheorganizershecouldrunafterhissheepforafewdaysandthathecouldsurelycompetewithotherrunners.Theultramarathongenerallytook5daystocompeteandthispotatofarmer’sdecisionseemedsuicidal.Infact,sometriedtostophimfromrunningthesuper-difficultracebecausetheythoughtCliffYoungcoulddiebecauseoftheheatandfatigue(疲劳).Afterall,hewas61yearsold!Tocutthestoryshort,CliffYoungmanagedtofinishtherace.Whiletheyoungracersslept,hecontinuedtoracethroughoutthenight.Theyoungathleteslefthimfarbehinduntiltheverylastnightwherehefinallyledthemarathon.NotonlydidCliffYoung,a61-year-oldpotatofarmer,survivetherace,butheevenmanagedtowinthemarathonandactuallybroketheracerecordby9hours!Heevengaveawayhisprizemoneytotherestoftherunnersafterhim.Afterthewin,hecontinuedtoruninmanyultramarathonracesandevensetstandardsintheworldofenduranceracing.Hisrunningstyle,named“TheYoungShuffle”isafamousrunningtechniqueusedbymanyrunnersintheworldtoday.CliffYoungshowedthatbeingoldisnotaproblem,andbeingachampiondoesn’tmeanyouneedtohavesuper-humanstrength,justsuper-humanwill!4.WhatcanwesayaboutCliffYoung’straining?A.Itwasveryinformal. B.Itwaswellscheduled.C.Itwasdifficultforhim. D.Itwassuitableforeveryone.5.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“suicidal”inParagraph3mean?A.Quitesimple. B.Highlyrisky.CReallysurprising. D.Extremelyreasonable.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCliffYoung?A.Self-confidentandfar-sighted.BAnimal-lovingandeasy-going.C.Strong-mindedandbig-hearted.D.Open-mindedandhard-working.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amarathonraceheld37yearsago.B.Atruestoryofanamazingsportsman.C.Thedevelopmentof“TheYoungShuffle”.D.Anoldchampion’sadvicetoyoungrunners【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个令人惊叹的运动员——CliffYoung的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Coachedbyhismotherwhowas81atthetime,CliffYoungstartedthemarathonwithworkshoesandworkclothes.（CliffYoung的母亲当时81岁，在她的指导下，他穿着工作鞋和工作服开始了马拉松比赛）”，和第二段的“CliffYoung’strainingmethodwasjustrunningafterhissheep.Hetoldtheorganizershecouldrunafterhissheepforafewdays（CliffYoung的训练方法就是追赶他的羊。他告诉组织者，他可以跟着他的羊跑几天）”可知，CliffYoung的训练方式非常不正规。故选A。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Infact,sometriedtostophimfromrunningthesuper-difficultracebecausetheythoughtCliffYoungcoulddiebecauseoftheheatandfatigue(疲劳).（事实上，一些人试图阻止他参加这场超级困难的比赛，因为他们认为CliffYoung可能会因为高温和疲劳而死亡）”可知，一些人认为CliffYoung会因为高温和疲劳而死亡。由此推知，他们认为这个农夫的决定是高风险的，等同于自寻死路。即划线词意为“风险极高的”。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。结合上文他穿着工装追赶羊群训练和第四段的“NotonlydidCliffYoung,a61-year-oldpotatofarmer,survivetherace,butheevenmanagedtowinthemarathonandactuallybroketheracerecordby9hours!Heevengaveawayhisprizemoneytotherestoftherunnersafterhim.（61岁的马铃薯种植者CliffYoung不仅在比赛中幸存下来，甚至还赢得了马拉松比赛，并以9小时的成绩打破了比赛记录！他甚至把奖金给了后面的其他选手）”可知，CliffYoung经过自己的努力终于以61岁的高龄赢得马拉松比赛，这说明了他意志坚定；把获得的奖金给其他选手，说明了他心胸宽广。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Apotatofarmer,CliffYoungtookpartinaSydneytoMelbourneultramarathon(超级马拉松)racein1983.Coachedbyhismotherwhowas81atthetime,CliffYoungstartedthemarathonwithworkshoesandworkclothes.（CliffYoung是一位土豆种植户，1983年参加了悉尼至墨尔本的超级马拉松比赛。CliffYoung的母亲当时81岁，在她的指导下，他穿着工作鞋和工作服开始了马拉松比赛）”，第四段的“NotonlydidCliffYoung,a61-year-oldpotatofarmer,survivetherace,butheevenmanagedtowinthemarathonandactuallybroketheracerecordby9hours!Heevengaveawayhisprizemoneytotherestoftherunnersafterhim.（61岁的马铃薯种植者CliffYoung不仅在比赛中幸存下来，甚至还赢得了马拉松比赛，并以9小时的成绩打破了比赛记录！他甚至把奖金给了后面的其他选手），倒数第二段的“Afterthewin,hecontinuedtoruninmanyultramarathonracesandevensetstandardsintheworldofenduranceracing.（获胜后，他继续参加许多超级马拉松比赛，甚至在耐力赛领域树立了标准）”可知，本文主要讲述了一个令人惊叹的运动员——CliffYoung的真实故事。故选B。CGeneticinformationisimportantbecauseitstores,processesandtransmitsbiologicaldatafromgenerationtogeneration.Somescientistsevenassumethatknowinggeneticinformationitselfmatters.Forexample,inquantummechanics(量子力学),thereisapopulartheoryknownasthe“observereffect”,whichstatesthattheactofobservingaphenomenon(usuallybymakingsomekindofmeasurement)necessarilychangesthatphenomenon.Inotherwords,justbybeingthereandhavinganinterestintheoutcome,weaffectthatoutcome.Whiletheexplanationsbehindtheobserver’sinfluenceinquantummechanicscomedowntothemeasuringinstrumentandnottheobserver’sconsciousmindwealsoseestrongevidenceforthe“placeboeffect”inmedicine:apatient’sconditioncanimproveiftheyjustbelievetheyarereceivinganeffectivetreatment.Andthosebeneficialeffectscanhappenevenifthepatientisnotactuallyreceivingthattreatmentorifthetreatmentdoesn’tactuallywork.Ifourmindstrulydohavepoweroveroursurroundingsandourbodies,whatdoeshavingthegeneticinformationdotous?Doessimplyknowingmoreaboutourownphysiology(生理机能)changeit?Arecentstudyonexerciseandobesitysuggeststhattheanswerisyes.Thosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesityproduced2.5timesmoreofthefullnesshormoneandclaimedtofeelfullerdespiteeatingthesamemealastheyhadoneweekprior.Thosewhoweretoldtheyhadlowerendurancebecauseoftheirgenesdidworseontheirphysicaltestthantheyhadbeforereceivingthatinformation:theyshowedlowerlungcapacityandquitsooner.Thus,havinginformationaboutourgeneticriskcanleadtoimprovementsinourphysiology(aswastruefortheeatersofthestudy),butitcanalsoputusatadisadvantage(aswiththepoorexerciseperformers).Sowecertainlyneedtobecautiousofincorrectgeneticinformation.ButastheStanfordstudyshows,evenifthegeneticinformationwereceiveiscorrect,howwereceiveitisalsoimportant.8.Howdoesthe“placeboeffect”inmedicinework?A.Thepatientrecoverswiththetimelytreatment.B.Thepatient’sconditionworsensduetoalackoftreatment.C.Thepatient’sconditionremainsunchangeddespitetheirbelief.D.Thepatient’sconditionimproveswiththebeliefinthetreatment.9.Accordingtoparagraph5,whathappenedtothosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesity?A.Theyshowedlowerlungcapacity.B.Theyquittheirphysicaltestsooner.C.Theyneededmorefoodtosatisfytheirappetite.D.Theyfeltfullerwithmorefullnesshormonereleased.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshavinggeneticinformation?A.Positive. B.Objective.C.Ambiguous. D.Negative.11.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Thegreatpoweroftheobserver’smind.B.Theinfluenceofknowinggeneticinformation.C.Theamazingapplicationofgeneticinformation.D.TheconnectionbetweenQuantumMechanicsandMedicine.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了解遗传信息对我们很重要。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whiletheexplanationsbehindtheobserver’sinfluenceinquantummechanicscomedowntothemeasuringinstrumentandnottheobserver’sconsciousmind,wealsoseestrongevidenceforthe“placeboeffect”inmedicine:apatient’sconditioncanimproveiftheyjustbelievetheyarereceivinganeffectivetreatment.Andthosebeneficialeffectscanhappenevenifthepatientisnotactuallyreceivingthattreatmentorifthetreatmentdoesn’tactuallywork.(虽然量子力学对观察者影响背后的解释归结为测量仪器，而不是观察者的意识，但我们也看到了医学上“安慰剂效应”的有力证据：如果病人相信他们正在接受有效的治疗，他们的病情就会好转。即使病人没有接受治疗或者治疗无效，这些有益的效果也会发生。)”可知，医学上的“安慰剂效应”指的是病人如果相信他们正在接受有效的治疗，他们的病情就会好转，故病人的病情随着治疗的信念而改善，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Thosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesityproduced2.5timesmoreofthefullnesshormoneandclaimedtofeelfullerdespiteeatingthesamemealastheyhadoneweekprior.(那些被告知肥胖遗传风险较低的人产生的饱腹激素是一周前的2.5倍，尽管他们吃了同样的饭，但他们感觉更饱。)”可知，那些被告知肥胖遗传风险较低的人，尽管他们吃了同样的饭，但是他们感到更饱，释放更多的饱腹激素,故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ifourmindstrulydohavepoweroveroursurroundingsandourbodies,whatdoeshavingthegeneticinformationdotous?Doessimplyknowingmoreaboutourownphysiology(生理机能)changeit?Arecentstudyonexerciseandobesitysuggeststhattheanswerisyes.(如果我们的思想真的能控制我们的环境和我们的身体，那么遗传信息对我们有什么影响呢？仅仅了解我们自己的生理机能就能改变它吗？最近一项关于运动和肥胖的研究表明，答案是肯定的。)”以及最后一段“Thus,havinginformationaboutourgeneticriskcanleadtoimprovementsinourphysiology(aswastruefortheeatersofthestudy),butitcanalsoputusatadisadvantage(aswiththepoorexerciseperformers).(因此，了解我们的遗传风险可以改善我们的生理机能(就像研究中的饮食者一样)，但它也会让我们处于不利地位(就像那些锻炼不佳的人一样)。)”可推知，作者对了解遗传信息持积极肯定客观的态度，故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Geneticinformationisimportantbecauseitstoresprocessesandtransmitsbiologicaldatafromgenerationtogeneration.Somescientistsevenassumethatknowinggeneticinformationitselfmatters.(遗传信息很重要，因为它储存、处理和传递生物数据，代代相传。一些科学家甚至认为了解遗传信息本身很重要。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要通过举例和相关研究讲述了了解遗传信息对我们的重要性，故选B。DFromtheroarofacrowdtothequietofalibrary,soundandsilencemightseemlikepolaropposites.However,accordingtoanewresearch,ourbrainsperceivetheminthesameway.Silencemaynotbeasound,butscientistssaywecantrulyhearit.Inthisnewstudy,researchersexaminedhowpeopleexperiencesilenceusingwell-knownauditoryillusions(错觉).Theillusionsaremeanttotesttheperceptionofnoise,butforthestudy,theteamadaptedthemtomeasurepeople’sresponsetosilence,instead.“Ifyoucangetthesameillusionswithsilencesasyougetwithsounds,thenthatmaybeobviousthatweliterallyhearsilenceafterall.”ChazFirestone,aco-authorofthestudyandcognitivescientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity,saysinastatement.Inthestudy,participantsweretrickedbythese“silenceillusions”inasimilarwaytohowpeoplearetypicallyfooledbythesoundversionsoftheexperiments.Theresearcherspreparedsevenexperimentsandtestedthemon1,000studyparticipants.Inoneexperiment,researchersplayedarecordingthatsoundedlikebackgroundnoiseinacrowdedplace.Inthefirsthalfoftherecording,thebackgroundnoisewasinterruptedbytwoseparateperiodsofsilence.Inthesecondhalf,onecontinuousperiodofsilencewasinserted(嵌入).Researchersaskedparticipantswhichsilencefeltlonger-thecombinationofthefirsttwoperiodsofsilence,ortheseconduninterruptedone.Mostparticipantsthoughtthecontinuoussilencewaslonger,butitwasactuallythesamelengthasthetwoshortersilencescombined.Theseresultswereconsistentwithpreviousresearchthatexaminedauditoryillusions,whichusedtwoseparatesoundsandonecontinuoussound.Withthatillusion,peoplealsoperceivedthecontinuoussoundaslongerthanthetwoseparateonestogether.Similarfindingsacrossthesevenexperimentssuggestedthathumansexperiencesilenceandsoundinmuchthesameway:Theycandistort(扭曲)ourperceptionoftime.12.Whydidresearchersuseauditoryillusionsinthenewstudy?A.Tohelppeopleperceivesounds. B.Totestpeople’sadaptabilitytonoise.C.Tomeasurehowpeoplerespondtosilence. D.Toremindpeopletobequietinthelibrary.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Illusionsofsilencefoolpeople’sbrains.B.Thethreeperiodsofsilenceareofthesamelength.C.Soundisusuallydifficultforpeopletoperceive.D.Participantschosearecordingandplayedit.14.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Ajournal. C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Wecantrulyhearsilencelikeasound.B.Soundandsilenceareactuallythesame.C.Auditoryillusionsaffectourperceptionability.D.Ourbrainhastheabilitytoperceivesoundandsilence.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthisnewstudy,researchersexaminedhowpeopleexperiencesilenceusingwell-knownauditoryillusions(错觉).Theillusionsaremeanttotesttheperceptionofnoise,butforthestudy,theteamadaptedthemtomeasurepeople’sresponsetosilence,instead.(在这项新的研究中，研究人员研究了人们是如何使用众所周知的听觉错觉来体验沉默的。这些错觉是为了测试人们对噪音的感知，但在这项研究中，研究小组把它们改造成测量人们对沉默的反应)”可知，研究人员在这项新研究中使用听觉错觉是为了衡量人们对沉默的反应。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inthestudy,participantsweretrickedbythese“silenceillusions”inasimilarwaytohowpeoplearetypicallyfooledbythesoundversionsoftheexperiments.(在这项研究中，参与者被这些“沉默错觉”所欺骗，其方式与人们通常被声音版本的实验所欺骗的方式相似)”以及第五段“Mostparticipantsthoughtthecontinuoussilencewaslonger,butitwasactuallythesamelengthasthetwoshortersilencescombined.(大多数参与者认为连续的沉默更长，但实际上它的长度与两个较短的沉默的总和相同)”可推知，沉默的幻觉愚弄人的大脑。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章说明了最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fromtheroarofacrowdtothequietofalibrary,soundandsilencemightseemlikepolaropposites.However,accordingtoanewresearch,ourbrainsperceivetheminthesameway.Silencemaynotbeasound,butscientistssaywecantrulyhearit.(从人群的喧嚣到图书馆的宁静，声音和沉默似乎是两极对立的。然而，根据一项新的研究，我们的大脑以同样的方式感知它们。沉默可能不是一种声音，但科学家说我们可以真正听到它)”结合文章说明了最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。可知，A选项“我们真的能像听到声音一样听到沉默”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?___16___—andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.___17___Worryingislikeafirealarm.Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.“___18___It’slikeafirealarm,”sayschildpsychotherapistRachelMelville-Thomas.“Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn’tahugedangertoface.”Whenthishappens,youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.___19___Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.___20___Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.A.Learntothinkpositively.B.Sometimesworryingcandoharmtoourhealth.C.Thewayyouthinkpositivelyornegativelylargelydependsonyourgenes.D.Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.E.However,nomatteryourstartingpoint,everyonecanlearntobecomemoreoptimistic.F.Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.G.This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。【16题详解】根据前文“Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法；他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子)?)”以及后文“andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.(众所周知，它能促进你的健康)”可知，空处应是讲述积极的影响，所以F项“Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.(积极地思考，相信大多数事情都会有好的结果，这叫做乐观主义)”符合文意。故选F项。【17题详解】分析设空，位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.(研究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人可能很难相信这些挑战会过去。科学家们甚至发现，积极思考可以让你活得更久。根据TaliSharot教授的说法，对未来持乐观态度可以让你更快乐，更成功)”可知，G项“This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.(这是因为你相信你的目标是可以实现的，这鼓励你朝着目标努力)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选G项。【18题详解】根据前文“Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worryingislikeafirealarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知D项“Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们可能会有威胁)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复现。故选D项。【19题详解】分析设空，是本段的小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据下文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一次考试。想象一下可以激励你去实现它，比如每天放学后练习)”可知，本句主要讲述了，要学会积极的想象一些事情，也就是积极地思考，所以A项“Learntothinkpositively.(学会积极思考)”符合文意。故选A项。【20题详解】根据前文“Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及后文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一次考试。想象一下可以激励你去实现它，比如每天放学后练习)”可知，E项“However,nomatteryourstartingpoint,everyonecanlearntobecomemoreoptimistic.(然而，无论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学会变得更加乐观)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LuckyCandygrocerystore(杂货店)heldachallengegameforitscustomersintheneighborhood.The___21___issimple:answeramathquestion—say,what’s8×8+50?—andyou’llgetfivesecondstotakeasmuchasyoucanfromthestore,allfor___22___.ForAhmedAlwan,23,joyisasimportantasbreakfast,buthisregularcustomerssometimes___23___forboth.Sohecameupwithacleverwayto___24___hiscustomers’days.“I’vegrownupintheneighborhood,”hesays.“Iknowmostofthemdon’thavemuchmoney,andsometimestheyneed___25___.”LuckyCandyislocatedonabusystreetintheBronx,knownasafood___26___,wherepeoplearebadlyinneedofaffordable,healthyfood.Manyresidentsdependonneighborhoodshopsfortheirdaily___27___.Whenkidsgetananswerright,oneoftwothings___28___happens.Somekidsrushedforthecandyandwhocouldblamethem?Otherstakethingslikericeandpotatoes,clearlythinkingoftheir___29___athome.“Thestoreisdoingsomething____30____tomany,”acustomertoldInsideEdition.“Manypeopleheredon’tevenhaveanything.Achancetogetfreestufflikethismeansalot.”Alwan____31____thischallengegamewithhisownmonthlypay.Andhisboss,alsohisfatherAobad,doesn’t____32____offeringhelp,too.Asanimmigrant(移民),Aobadknowsthatinoneofthe____33____andmostcompetitiveplacesintheU.S.,alittlehelpgoesa(n)____34____way.“Thisgreatlychangedourcommunity,”saysAlwan.“They’reshowingsomuchloveandcare—they’re____35____atthestoreforachancetoplay.Nopushingorshouting.”21.A.case B.solution C.access D.rule22.A.free B.laughter C.fun D.sale23.A.come B.struggle C.care D.apply24.A.balance B.brighten C.slow D.count25.A.company B.check C.confidence D.credit26.A.market B.desert C.chain D.island27.A.snacks B.visits C.exercises D.needs28.A.never B.occasionally C.usually D.seldom29.A.friends B.children C.family D.roommates30.A.interesting B.familiar C.classical