江苏专转本(英语)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

江苏专转本（英语）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.VocabularyandStructure2.ReadingComprehension3.Cloze5.Translation6.WritingVocabularyandStructure1．Ineed______morevolunteerstohelpmovethepiano.A．noneB．anyC．fewD．some正确答案：D解析：语法题，要求考生注意不定代词作修饰词的用法。首先要看清题意是肯定还是否定，然后决定用肯定的不定代词还是否定的不定代词。此处为肯定含义，因此none，any及few均不能用，而只能用表示肯定的some。2．Thechildrenareas______aslarks.A．happyB．joyousC．gayD．merry正确答案：A解析：固定搭配。此处根据题意四个选项均对，但ashappyasalark是固定搭配，是成语。3．Shethoughtitwas______nottoknowsomeofthebasicfactsofhercountry.A．shamefulB．ashamedC．ashameD．ashameful正确答案：C解析：词形词义辨析题。此处意义非常清楚，但同根词的形式难以区分。shameful指可耻的，丢脸的，不道德的，不体面的；ashamed常作表语，表示羞耻，羞愧，害臊；ashame指羞辱，羞愧，耻辱，可耻的人或事；ashameful并无此词。4．Tedagreedto______thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfythedemandoftheworkers.A．calloutB．calltoC．calloffD．callon正确答案：C解析：词语辨析题，同一动词跟上不同的介副词，词义不同。callout指工会等命令工人罢工，唤起，引起；callto无此用法；calloff指放弃，取消；callon指呼吁，号召，请求。5．Iwenttomyadvisertoaskhimwhatcourses______.A．shouldItakeB．mustItakeC．totakeD．Iweretotake正确答案：C解析：语法题，要求考生注意从句中单词的顺序及从句的缩略形式。由疑问代词引导的从句必须使用正常语序，它可以有省略形式，即省略主语，而把谓语动词变为不定式。因此A和B都不对，而D有时态错误，也不可以用。6．______,thebookhasmanymistakes.A．HavingnotbeenwrittencarefullyB．NotwritingcarefullyC．HavingwrittennotcarefullyD．Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully正确答案：D解析：语法题，要求考生注意分词短语作状语时，分词的形式取决于句子的逻辑主语。句子的逻辑主语为书，它与动词“写”之间的关系为动宾关系，因此分词应为被动态，可先排除答案B，A和C形式上对了，但语序错了，not修饰分词时应放在分词的前面。7．Yourhairwants______.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A．cutB．tocutC．cuttingD．beingcut正确答案：C解析：语法题，主动形式表示被动含义。英语中有一些动词可跟主动形式的宾语表示被动含义，如：want，need，此时的主语一般为物；这些动词后面也可跟不定式的被动形式。8．Indevelopingcountries,peopleare______intoovercrowdedcitiesingreatnumbers.A．breakingB．fillingC．pouringD．hurrying正确答案：C解析：词语辨析题，近义词辨析。breakinto指破门而入；fillinto指填充，填满；pourinto指倾注，源源输送；hurryinto指匆忙进入，此处只有C符合题意，意指人们仍在不断的进人城市。9．Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t______somuchnoise.A．resistB．sustainC．tolerateD．undergo正确答案：C解析：词语辨析题，同义词辨析。resist指抵抗，反抗，对抗，抵制，抗拒(一些不好的东西，并带有强烈的感情色彩)；sustain指支撑，承受住；忍受，经得住(不好的东西，如：打击，考验等)；tolerate指忍受，宽恕，默认(不好的东西的存在)；undergo指经历，经受，忍受，强调过程。10．Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejacket______toachild’ssize.A．compressedB．shrankC．droppedD．decreased正确答案：B解析：词语辨析题，同义词辨析。compress指用力挤压使变小，压缩，浓缩；shrink指收缩，蜷缩，皱缩，强调面积的变小；drop指坠下，落下；decrease指数量变小，衣服缩水通常指面积变小，因此shrank(shrink的过去式)符合题意。11．Manydifficulties______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.A．risenB．arisenC．aroseD．raised正确答案：C解析：词语辨析题，词形及同义词辨析。rise指自然的上升，为不及物动词；arise(arose，arisen)指出现，呈现，为不及物动词；raise指人为的提升某物的空间位置，为及物动词。此处需要不及物动词，表示出现，因此arose为正确答案。12．Althoughhehadlookedthroughallthereferencematerialonthesubject,hestillfoundithardtounderstandthispointandherexplanationonly______tohisconfusion.A．extendedB．amountedC．addedD．turned正确答案：C解析：搭配及语意理解。此处四个词均可与介词to搭配，但搭配后的意义完全不同，extendto指延伸至；amountto指合计，总共达，相当于，等于；addto指增添，做加法；turnto指转向某人寻求帮助，只有addto符合题意。13．Everybodylooked______thedirectionoftheexplosion.A．toB．fromC．inD．into正确答案：C解析：介词搭配。lookto指照管，留心，注意，期待，主语通常为人，后面通常跟人或物，跟方向时，主语为物；lookfrom后跟地点或物品，表示从某个方位看；lookin加方向表示朝某个方向看，lookinto指调查事件，或朝某物里面看。14．Whois______personnelatpresent?A．inthechargeofB．underchargeofC．underthechargeofD．inchargeof正确答案：D解析：词语辨析题，词形及同义词辨析。inthechargeof指在某人的掌管、控制下，后跟人，此人为主控；underchargeof同underthechargeof指在某人的掌管(看管)下，后跟人，此人为主控；inchargeof主管，掌管，看管，后跟物。此处personnel(人事部)为一个部门，因此答案为inchargeof。15．Alotofpeoplehavetried,but______havesucceeded.A．thefewB．fewC．somefewD．afew正确答案：B解析：词语辨析题，同时涉及逻辑关系。thefew指上文已提到的少数，意义肯定，few指几乎没有，意义否定；some，few不能同时使用，afew指有一些，意义肯定。此句后半部分语意转折，应为否定，故答案应为few。16．Willallthose______theproposalraisetheirhands?A．inrelationtoB．inexcessofC．incontrasttoD．infavorof正确答案：D解析：词语辨析题，要能区分易混短语中心词的基本含义，因为短语的区别通常在于中心词的区别。inrelationto指关于，涉及，有关；inexcessof指超过；incontrastto指与……形成对照；infavorof指赞同……，支持……，有利于……。17．Tradeunionsoften______withemployersforbetterconditionsofpayemployment.A．askB．requireC．bargainD．plead正确答案：C解析：词语搭配题，要求考生能根据题意选择最佳搭配。此题四个选项中有三个可与题中介词for搭配，但意思不同，askfor指请求，向……要；通过询问来寻找；require需要，要求，命令，为及物动词，不能跟介词for;bargainfor讨价还价．谈判，想廉价把……弄到手，指望，预期；pleadfor表示辩护，抗辩，申明，后跟人。18．Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe______,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.A．caseB．eventC．affairD．incident正确答案：A解析：词语辨析题，要求考生不仅了解词的相同之处，还应了解它们的特殊用法。此处四个词均可表示事件，但各有侧重。case不仅指事实，实情，状况，事例，实例；还指病例，患者，诉讼，案件。event指事件，大事，事变，事情，偶然事件，活动，经历。affair单数时指令人不快的事件，事情，复数时指比较重要的事务，事态。incident指小事，插曲，或政治事变。此题关键词是lawyer，因此答案为case。19．Mybrother’splansarevery______:hewantstomasterEnglish.FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.A．abundantB．ambitiousC．arbitraryD．aggressive正确答案：B解析：词语辨析题，要求考生了解词的外延意义。abundant指数量上的多，大；ambitious褒义时指有雄心的，劲头十足的，贬义时指有野心的；arbitrary贬义，指任意的，专断的，专横的；aggressive贬义时指侵略的，爱寻衅的，行为放肆，过分；褒义时指敢做敢为的，有进取心的。根据题意，我弟弟不仅有上进心，而且计划宏伟，只有ambitious符合题意。20．Therelationshipbetweenemployersandemployeeshasbeenstudied______.A．originallyB．extremelyC．violentlyD．intensively正确答案：D解析：词语辨析题，要求考生结合语意，选择最合适的词。originally指最初地．原始地，独创性地；extremely指末端地，极端地，激进地；violently指猛烈地，激烈地，极端地，极度地，凶暴地，由暴力引起地；intensively指加强地，集中地，深入细致地。B和C有贬义，不适合，A不符合题意，因此D为最合适的答案。21．Althoughtheexaminationhehadpassedwasunimportant,hissuccess______himinhislaterstudy.A．persuadedB．promisedC．urgedD．encouraged正确答案：D解析：encourage鼓励，如：Heencouragedmetoacceptthischallenge．他鼓励我接受这一挑战。A．persuade说服，常用persuadesb．todosth．说服某人做某事。B．promise答应，允诺，如：Hepromisedtocome．他答应要来的。C．urge鞭策，力促，如：tourgethehorseon鞭马前进。从题意中可以看出这次考试并不重要，只是鼓励了他，而不是鞭策他。所以D为最佳答案。22．Ihopetohearmoreabouttheactivities______there.A．goingonB．beinggoneonC．beinghappenedD．tobehappened正确答案：A解析：此处考动词现在分词用作定语。首先从goon和happen两个短语均不能用于被动语态，可直接排除B、C、D项。注意只有及物动词才有可能出现过去分词用作定语，如：abookwrittenbyMarkTwain马克·吐温写的一本书。23．Youshould______thesetablesandbuynewones.A．throwoffB．throwdownC．throwupD．throwaway正确答案：D解析：throwaway扔掉，如：Don’tthrowthisbookaway．Itmaybeusedlater．别把这本书给扔了，以后可能有用。A．throwoff摆脱掉；匆匆脱下(衣服)，如：throwoffthebadhabit摆脱坏的习惯。此处题意是说去旧换新，而非摆脱桌子。B．throwdown朝下扔。C．throwup(接名词)放弃，如：throwupone’sjob放弃工作。24．Idon’tthinkIknowthegirlwithlonghairalthoughshe______meofsomeoneIknow.A．remembersB．recallsC．suggestsD．reminds正确答案：D解析：remind使回想起；提醒，常用于“remindsb．ofsth．使某人回想起……”结构中。如：remindmeofmychildhood使我回想到自己的童年。A．remember记住，记得，如：Irememberhername．我记得她的名字。B．recall回想起，如：recallone’shometown回想起自己的家乡。C．suggest建议；表明，如：Hiswordsuggestedhissupporttoourplan．他的话表明他支持我们的计划。A、B、C项均不能用于…sb.ofsth．结构中。25．Somediscussionhas______aboutwhoshouldbeputinchargeofthisproject.A．risenB．liftedC．raisedD．arisen正确答案：D解析：从题意中可得出此处应填一个不及物动词，故可排除B、C两项。D．arise出现；发生，如：Difficultieswillariseaswedothework．我们着手工作时定会困难。A．rise上升；上涨，如：Thepriceroseup．价格上涨，用在此处不合句意。26．Therearesome______flowersonthedesk.A．artificialB．falseC．unrealD．untrue正确答案：A解析：artificial人造的，如：artificialsilk人造丝。B．false假的；不真实的，指与实际情况不符。如Thisstatementisfalse．这种说法不属实。C．unreal虚幻的，强调与客观情况不符，不是现实的。D．untrue不真实的，意思同false，花只能说是人造花，即假花，而不能说不是真实的或虚幻的。27．Itisa______tohearhisspeech.A．boredB．boreC．boringD．boresome正确答案：B解析：题干中缺一名词成分，而四个选项中A、C、D均为形容词，只有B．bore令人厌烦的人或事，可以用作名词。A．bored感到厌烦的。C．boring令人厌烦的。D．boresome根本就是一个人造词。28．______theirsuggestions,wewilldiscussthemfullyatthenextmeeting.A．InregardforB．InregardtoC．WithregardofD．Regardlessfor正确答案：B解析：inregardto／of关于……，为固定搭配，所以A在形式上就不成立。withregardto也可以表示“关于……”，但不能用介词“of”来代替“to”，因此可以排除C。regardlessof不注意，不关心；不顾，如：regardlessofwindorrain风雨无阻。所以D项在搭配上也不正确。29．Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople______harmthem.A．morethanB．betterthanC．otherthanD．ratherthan正确答案：D解析：发展核科学当然只应该是为了造福于民。ratherthan…而不是……，如：Hewoulddieratherthansurrender．他宁死不屈。A．morethan比……多，如：Heismorebravethanwise．他有勇无谋。B．betterthan优于。C．otherthan而不是……，一般用于人，并与no连用，如：SheisnootherthanJane．她就是珍妮本人。30．Howmanymoredecadeswillhavetopass______scientistssucceedinprovidingacureforcancer?A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．until正确答案：C解析：before常可用于将来时态，表示“才；就”，如：Itwillbeseveralweeksbeforeyouareusedtothenewlifeincollege．几个星期后你就会适应大学里的新生活了。A．when一般不与将来时态连用。B．since常与现在完成时连用。D．until直到，用在此处意义不符。31．Ihavenoobjection______yourstoryagain.A．tohearB．tohearingC．tohavingheardD．tohaveheard正确答案：B解析：objectionto后面加V—ing形式，表示“反对做某事”。32．Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested______atthenexttown.A．tostopB．stoppingC．stopD．havingstopped正确答案：A解析：suggest后跟动词todo形式。33．TheBritishconstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.A．withinB．toC．byD．at正确答案：B解析：toalargeextent为一固定介词短语，意为“很大程度上”。34．Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou______youneed.A．ailtheinformationB．alltheinformationsC．allofinformationD．alloftheinformations正确答案：A解析：information为不可数名词，前面既不能加a／an，后面又不加“s”。类似的名词还有：knowledge，progress，equipment，luggage等。35．IfonlyI______thebooksonthereadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.A．havebeenreadingB．wouldhavereadC．havereadD．hadread正确答案：D解析：ifonly表示“但愿”，后跟虚似语气，本句表示与过去事实相反，因此使用haddone。36．He______forsixyearsbythetimehetakeshisexamination.A．hadbeenstudyingEnglishB．willhavebeenstudyingEnglishC．studiedEnglishD．studiesEnglish正确答案：B解析：由by(thetimewhen)引导的将来时间句，其主句时态应使用将来完成时态或将来完成进行时态。37．“Didyoucalltomakeyourairlinereservation?”“Notyet,butI______A．shouldhaveB．mayC．mustD．shall正确答案：A解析：shouldhavedone表示“应该做，而事实上没有做”。38．I’djustassoon______thatimportantletterhomewithyou.A．thatyouwon’ttakeB．pleasedon’tyoutakeC．younottakingD．youdidn’ttake正确答案：A解析：wouldjustassoon后跟从句，从句中一般使用一般过去时态。39．Iwouldhavehelpedhimsolvetheproblem,butIwassobusythen.A．ifit’spossibleB．ifithasbeenpossibleC．hasitbeenpossibleD．haditbeenpossible正确答案：B解析：虚拟条件句的倒装形式。40．Sincetheflighthasbeencanceledbecauseofbadweather,we______gobytrain.A．oughttohaveB．hadbettertoC．mightaswellD．wouldrathernot正确答案：C解析：might(may)aswell+V，表示“还是……好”。ReadingComprehensionFormanyyears,scientistscouldn’tfigureouthowatomsandmolecules(分子)ontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings.Plants,fishes,dinosaurs(恐龙),andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules,buttheyareputtogetherinamorecomplicatedwaythanthemoleculesintheprimitiveocean.What’smore,livingthings,thathaveenergyandcanreproduceontheEarthfourbillionyearsagowerelifeless.Afteryearsofstudy,scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings,includinghumanbodies,arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotide(氨基酸与核苷酸)bases.Thesearemoleculeswithmillionsofhydrogen(氢),carbon(碳),nitrogen(氮),andoxygenatom.Howcouldsuchcomplicatedmoleculeshavebeenformedintheprimitivesoup?Scientistswerestumped(难住).Then,in1953,twoscientistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL.MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth.Theysetupsometubesandbottlesinaclosedloop(线圈),andputinsomeofthesamegasesthatwerepresentintheatmospherefourbillionyearsago:watervapor,carbondioxide(二氧化碳),methane(甲烷),andhydrogen.Thentheyshotanelectricsparkthroughthegasestosimulate(模拟)bolts(闪电)oflightningontheancientEarth,circulatedthegasesthroughsomewater,sentthembackformoresparks,andsoon.Aftersevendays,thewaterthatthegaseshadbeenbubbling(起跑)throughhadturnedbrown.Somenewchemicalsweredissolvedinit.WhenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid,theyfoundthatitcontainedaminoacids—theverykindofmoleculesfoundinalllivingthings.41．WhendidscientistscometorealizehowtheatomsandmoleculesontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings?A．Fourbillionyearsago.B．In1953.C．Aftersevendays.D．Manyyearslater.正确答案：B解析：文章第三段Then，in1953，twosciemistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth．1953年，两位科学家做实验试图找出远古地球上所发生的一切，即人类和生物是怎样形成的，也即1953年起，人类才开始明白地球上的生物是怎祥由原子和分子结合而产生的，所以B为正确答案。42．Scientistsfiguredoutthathumanbodiesarebasicallymadeof______.A．aminoacidsB．hydrogen,carbon,nitrogenandoxygenatomsC．moleculesD．watervapor,ammonia,carbondioxide,methaneandhydrogen正确答案：A解析：文章第二段第一句：…scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings，includinghumanbodies，arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotidebases，科学家断定包括人在内的人物都是由氨基酸和核苷酸为基础构成的。43．HaroldUreyandStanleyL.Millerdidtheirexperimentinorderto______.A．findoutwhathadhappenedontheEarth4billionyearsagoB．simulateboltsoflightningontheancientEarthC．dissolvesomenewchemicalsD．analyzealiquid正确答案：A解析：文章第三段…HaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth及第二句中的4billionyearsago，由此可知这里的primitiveEarth是指4billionyearsago，所以A为正确答案。44．Attheendofthelastparagraph,theword“it”refersto______.A．acloseloopB．anelectricsparkC．waterD．theliquid正确答案：D解析：文章最后一句话whenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid，theyfoundthatitcontained…，“当他们对液体进行分析时，发现里面含有……”中得知，it指的就是从句中的liquid。45．Accordingtothewriter,livingthingsontheEarthinclude______.A．atomsandmoleculesB．chemicalsC．plants,fish,dinosaursandhumanbeingsD．theprimitivesoup正确答案：C解析：文中第一段第二句话暗示了该题的答案Plants，fish，dinosaurs，andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules．所以C为正确答案。Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolony(群居)orcommunity,wheretheyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevariousdutiesaredividedamongtheindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.Anindividualworkerbeecannotreproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately(足够),andsoondies.Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernate(冬眠)inwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceatlowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonynecessarytothebeesinwinter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessity,demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoincreasetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeisfurthersuitedforthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanforitsowndefense.Thebee’sbarbed(有刺的)stingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindofdefensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.46．Accordingtothepassage,beesarefittedforcommunallifebyvirtueoftheir______.A．flexibilityandinitiativeB．intelligenceandsensitivityC．independenceandenduranceD．instinctsandform正确答案：D解析：文章第二句Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolonyorcornrnunity…．它们的身体构造及本能使它们适合在群体或社团中生活……，D项与此相符，所以D为正确答案。47．Accordingtothepassage,aworkerbeemaysurviveforashorttimeevenifitis______.A．deprivedofitsstingB．deniedaccesstooxygenC．isolatedfromotherbeesD．exposedtoawiderangeoftemperatures正确答案：C解析：第四句Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately，andsoonides．如果它(指工蜂)被强行与伙伴隔离可能继续活着，它便不能很好地照顾自己，因而不久就会死去。故答案为C。48．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatonetimebeeshadtheabilityto______.A．increasetheiractivityinlowertemperaturesB．leavecoldclimatesduringwinterC．remaindormantthroughperiodsofcoldweatherD．constructinsulatedhives正确答案：C解析：第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter，butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis．大多数昆虫都有冬眠的能力，但蜜蜂似乎已经失去了这种能力。由此可推断出蜜蜂原来曾经具有过与其它昆虫一样的冬眠能力。故答案为C。49．Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommostothercommunitiesofinsectsintheirneedto______.A．reproduceinlargenumbersB．controlthetemperaturewheretheyliveC．dividetheworkoftheircoloniesD．haveacomplexdefensesystem正确答案：B解析：由第五、第六句可知，因蜜蜂失去了其它昆虫具有的冬眠能力，就温度而论，它必须具有制造自己的环境的能力。所以答案为B。50．Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee’sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecauseit______.A．hasmanypotentialusesB．cankillseveralvictimsatonceC．islocatedintherearofthebee’sbodyD．remainswiththebee’svictim正确答案：D解析：倒数第三句Thebee’sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim．蜜蜂的倒刺仅能使用一次，由于这种倒刺留在被螫过的受害者身上，因而更为有效。所以D为正确答案。Whotalksmore,then,womenormen?Theseeminglycontradictory(矛盾的)evidenceisshownbythedifferencebetweenwhatIcallpublicandprivatespeaking.Moremenfeelcomfortabledoing“publicspeaking”,whilemorewomenfeelcomfortabledoing“privatespeaking”.Anotherwayofcapturingthesedifferencesisbyusingthetermsreport-talkandrapport-talk.Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport(友好)awayofestablishingconnectionsandrelationships.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperiences.Fromchildhood,girlscriticizetheirfellowswhotrytostandoutorappearbetterthanothers.Peoplefeeltheirclosestconnectionsathome,orinsettingswheretheyfeelathome—withoneorafewpeopletheyfeelclosetoandcomfortablewith—inotherwords,duringprivatespeaking.Buteventhemostpublicsituationscanbeapproachedlikeprivatespeaking.Formostmen,talkisprimarilyameanstopreserveindependenceandnegotiate(谈判)andmaintainstatusinahierarchical(分等级的)socialorder.Thisisdonebyexhibitingknowledgeandskill,andbyholdingcenterstagethroughverbalperformancesuchasstorytelling,joking,orgivinginformation.Fromchildhood,menlearntousetalkingasawaytogetandkeepattention.Sotheyaremorecomfortablespeakinginlargergroupsmadeupofpeopletheyknowlesswell-inthebroadestsense,“publicspeaking”.Buteventhemostprivatesituationscanbeapproachedlikepublicspeaking,morelikegivingareportthanestablishingrapport.51．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Womentalkmorethanmen.B．Themostpreferablewaymenandwomentendtouseintalking.C．ThedifferencebetweenpublicspeakingandprivatespeakingD．Menandwomentalkincomfortableways.正确答案：B解析：纵观全文，文章第二段讲女人在谈话中喜欢用privatespeaking的原因，第三段讲为什么男人喜欢publicspeaking，因此选B。52．Mostwomenusethelanguageofrapportintheirconversationsbecausewantto______.A．showtheirsuperioritytoothersB．exhibitsomethingtheyhaveincommonC．setupcloserelationshipsD．finddifferencesbetweenthem正确答案：C解析：由文章第二段第一句和第四句可知大多数女人在交谈中使用联系语的原因是想建立亲密的关系。因此选项C为正确答案。53．Men’spublicspeakingmainlyshows______.A．theirsenseofhumorB．theirappealtowomenC．theirabilitytocontroltheconversationD．theirindependenceandstatus正确答案：D解析：文中第三段第一句：对大多数男人来讲，谈话是用来在等级秩序里保持独立谈判和建立地位的方式。很明显，男人的公共交谈显示了他们的独立和地位，因此选项D为正确答案。54．Itcanbeconcludedfrommen’sandwomen’schildhoodsthat______.A．thereisastrikingcontrastinpersonalitybetweenmenandwomenB．menandwomengrowupseeingthemselvesconnectingtoothersinprofoundlydifferentwaysC．menandwomentalkindifferentwaysbecauseoftheirdifferentbackgroundsD．thewayofspeakingreflectsthecharacteristicsofdifferentsexes.正确答案：B解析：第二段第三句话：女孩子从孩提时代起就对那些抛头露面，显得比别人优越的同伴进行批评；第三段第二句：男人从孩提时代起就学着用谈活这种方式来吸引并保持别人的注意力。从语境来看，他们的孩提时代说明他们在成长过程中，自已与他人的联系方式不一样，因此选B。55．Theauthordevelopshismainideaby______.A．statinghisownpointofviewsB．introducingtwodifferentwaysofspeakingC．tellingwhymenandwomenspeakindifferentwaysD．givingvividexamples正确答案：C解析：纵观全文，文中第一段提出论点：女人和男人谈话的方式不一样。第二段讲女人选择的讲话方式及原因。第三段讲男人选择的讲话方式及原因，所以选项C为正确答案。Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligence(智力)developedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeagenius(天才)outofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofapersonsintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thus,ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom(随意)fromthepopulation.itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetakeidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidentical(同一的)twinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionusalsosupportedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwith(与……相接触)eachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegressofintelligence.56．Accordingtothetext,achild______.A．bornwithlowintelligencewillneverbecomeageniusB．bornwithlowintelligencebecomeageniusthroughspecialeducationC．livinginrichandvariedsurroundingswilldevelophisintelligencebeyondthelimitsfixedatbirthD．livinginaboringsituationwillnotdevelophisintelligenceatall正确答案：A解析：从文章第一段第三句Tosomeextent…withlowintelligence．选项A“天生智力低下的人永远不能成为天才”与此句意思相符。57．Asfarasintelligenceisconcerned,mostexpertsnowbelievethat______.A．birthismoreimportantthanenvironmentB．environmentplaysamoreimportantrolethanbirthC．birthandenvironmentarebothimportantD．neitherbirthnorenvironmentreallymatters正确答案：C解析：文章第一段最后两句：大多数专家的看法是：天生素质和后天环境对智力高低起着重要作用，所以C为正确答案。58．Toshowthatintellingencedependsonbirth,wemay______.A．havetwoidenticaltwins’bloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsB．havetwounrelatedpeople’sbloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsC．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceofbrothersandsistersaswellasthatofparentsandchildren,andthencomparetheresultsD．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceoftwoidenticaltwinsaswellasthatoftwounrelatedpeopletakenatrandom,andthencomparetheresults正确答案：D解析：文章第二段讲到如果在人群中随意找来毫无血缘关系的两个人，或找来血缘相同的一对双胞胎进行研究，结果可能是：前者的智力完全不同，后者的智力非常相似，D项符合这一意思。59．Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplearelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence?A．Twoidenticaltwinswhoraisedandeducatedindifferentenvironments.B．Peoplewhoareneitherinclosecontactnorrelatedatall.C．Peoplewhodon’tliveinclosecontactbutarecloselyrelated.D．Peoplewholiveinclosecontactbutarenotrelatedatall.正确答案：D解析：文章最后一段最后一句：Thisconclusion…degreesofintelligence，可知应选D。60．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis______.A．toemphasizetheimportanceofenvironmentinintelligencedevelopmentB．toarguethatfactoriesshouldbeautifythedullsettingC．toexplainhowbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligenceD．tosupporttheviewthatbothbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligence正确答案：D解析：纵观全文．作者支持大部分专家的观点，既先天素质和后天环境相互作用影响着智力。所以D为正确答案。ClozeOneofthemostimportantfeaturesthatdistinguishesreadingfromlisteningisthenatureoftheaudience.【C1】______thewriteroftendoesnotknowwhowillreadwhathewrites,hemust【C2】______tobeasclearaspossible.Timecanbetakentoplanthepieceofwritingsothatitiseventuallyorganizedintosomesortof【C3】______sequenceofeventsorideas.Whenwespeak,however,wenormallyhavevery【C4】______timetoplanwhatweintendtosay.【C5】______,wemaybeginspeakingbeforewe【C6】______whattosay.Ourthoughtsthentumbleoutin【C7】______alogicalsequence.Sinceweareactually【C8】______ouraudiencefacetofacewemayomitsomeoftheinformationwebelieveouraudienceshares.【C9】______themorefamiliarwearewithoutaudience,themoreinformationwearelikelytoleaveout.Inany【C10】______theycanalwaysstopandaskaquestionoraskforclarificationifwehaveleftouttoomuch.Areader,however,cannotdo【C11】______butcanatleastattemptcomprehensionathisownspeed;【C12】______,hecanstopandgobackwardsorforwards,【C13】______toadictionaryorjuststopandrest.Whenwelistenwemayhavetoworkhardtosortoutthespeaker’s【C14】______byreferringbackwardsandforwardswhilethespeakercontinues.Asthespeakerstrugglestoorganizehisthoughts,hewillusefillerphrasestogivehimtimetoplan.【C15】______thesefillers,hewillstillmakemistakesandrepeatwhathehasalreadysaid.Hisspeechwillbecharacterized【C16】______alimitedrangeofgrammaticalpatternsandvocabularyandtheuseofidiomsto【C17】______somegeneralmeaningquickly.Itshouldbeclear,then,thatthelistenerhastotakeanactive【C18】______intheprocessbyignoringthespeaker’srepetitionsandmistakes,andbyseekingoutthemainideainformationthroughrecallandprediction.Tokeeptheprocessgoing【C19】______healsohastoinformthespeakerthathehasunderstood【C20】______actuallyinterrupting.61．【C1】A．HoweverB．SinceC．AlthoughD．Unless正确答案：B解析：本题测试两个分句之间的关系。从句说既然作者不知道谁是其作品的读者，因此，作者写作时应该尽量做到越清楚越好。选项B符合要求。62．【C2】A．attemptB．intendC．pretendD．expect正确答案：A解析：根据题意，空格里需要的意思是尽量、努力。故A符合要求。63．【C3】A．lawfulB．historicalC．naturalD．logical正确答案：D解析：题意是将要写的事件或思想按逻辑顺序组织起来。选项D的意思是“逻辑的”。64．【C4】A．fewB．muchC．littleD．enough正确答案：C解析：就语法而言，B和C都可以填入空格。但只有C符合题意：即说话与写作不同的是，说话时没有多少时间来安排我们想说的内容。65．【C5】A．ThenB．IndeedC．A