吉林省吉林市2025届高三英语下学期第三次调研测试3月试题含解析

PAGEPAGE28吉林省吉林市2025届高三英语下学期第三次调研测试（3月）试题（含解析）留意事项：1.本次考试由四部分组成，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡指定位置。3.请按题号依次在答题纸上各题目的答题区域内整齐作答，超出区域答题无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchwillthemanpayforthefourtickets?A.15pounds. B.30pounds. C.45pounds.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmucharethetickets?W:Theyare15poundseach.Butstudentticketsarehalfprice.M:Givemetwoadultticketsandtwostudentticketsplease.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanwanttomovetoanewapartment？A.BecauseshelikeswatchingTV.B.Becausesheneedsaquietplace.C.Becausethenewapartmentischeap.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Itissaidthatyouwanttomovetoanewapartment.W:Yes,althoughitwillbemoreexpensive.MyneighborwatchesTVallnightlongandIcan’tsleepwell.3.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’sthedatetoday?A.16th. B.17th. C.18th.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Attention,please!There’ssomechangestoourfootballmatchtimetable.Ourmatchwillbeputofftothedayaftertomorrowbecauseoftheweather.W:Youmeanthe18th?M:Yes,andthematchwillstartandendonehourearlier.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atabookshop. B.Atabank. C.Atarestaurant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Iwanttoknowtheinterestrateforthesavingsaccount.W:Itvariesfromtimetotime.Atpresentitis6%.M:That’shigherthanlastmonth.OK.Iwillputaside$50,000please.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhowillgotoChangchunnextmonth？A.Carol. B.Carol’suncle. C.Carol’ssister.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:ImetCarolattheschoolgateyesterday.W:Really?Didshesayanything?M:Yes,shesaidhersisterwouldgotoChangchunfortheskatingcompetitionnextmonth,butshewouldstillstayherewithheruncle.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatcausedthegirltoloseblood？A.Adisease. B.Anaccident. C.Anambulance.7.Whichisrightaccordingtothewoman？A.Themancancoverthegirlwithhiscoat.B.Themanshouldcarrythegirltotheroadside.C.Themanmaygivethegirlsomethingtoeat.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:What’sthetrouble,sir?M:There’sbeenanaccident.Agirl’sbeenrunover.She’slosingalotofblood.Pleasesendanambulanceatonce.W:Isthereadoctorpresent?M:No,there’sonlyme.Thedriverdidn’tstop.IsthereanythingIcando?W:Don’tmovethepatient.Trytostopthebleeding.Keepthepatientwarm,butdon’tgiveheranythingtoeatordrink,OK?M:Allright.Pleasehurry.W:Don’tworry.Theambulanceisonitswaynow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatisthejoboftheman?A.Aguide. B.Anengineer. C.Ateacher.9.Whatistheman’sadvantageinEnglish?A.Speaking. B.Listening. C.Reading.10.HowmanyEnglishwordshasthemangraspedaccordingtohimself?A.Almost500. B.Almost5,000. C.Almost5,500.【答案】8.B9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:YouarealwaysreadingEnglishnovelsbutyounevergoouttohaveatalkwiththeforeigners.Don’tyouknowtheimportanceoforalEnglish?M:No.Ithinkit’snouselearningspokenEnglish.IcanreadallkindsofbookswithEnglishbutIseldommeetanEnglishman.Afterall,Iamnotaguide.Iamanengineer.W:IamsorryIcan’tagreewithwhatyousaid.Ithinkthefinalaimoflearningakindoflanguageistocommunicatewithothers.M:Ihavegraspedalmost5,000wordsandphrasesuptonowbutIhavenotimeandchancetomeetaforeigner.YouknowIlearnEnglishtoimprovemystudy,nottohaveatalkwithothers.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatdidJoedolastnight?A.Hesawafilm. B.Heworkedforadesign. C.Hehadameeting.12.WhywillJoecatchthefirstbus?A.Becausehe’llmeetanimportantcustomer.B.Becausehe’lltakepartinaninterview.C.Becausehe’llbethefirsttoreachthecompany.13.Whatdoesthewomanpreparefortheman?A.Boiledeggs. B.Friedeggs. C.Cakes.【答案】11.B12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:Wakeup,Joe.It’sseveno’clock.Ifyouaregoingtowork,you’llhavetogetupnow.Hey,Joe,wakeup.M:Mum,afewmoreminutes,OK?Iworkedforthedesigndeepintothenight.W:Joe,getup.Didyouforgetwhatyousaidlastnight?M:Isitseveno’clockalready?W:Yes.It’sseven.Youtoldmelastnightyouwouldcatchthefirstbus.M:Well,wakemeupintwentyminutes.I’vedecidedtocatchthelatebus.W:Uh,uh…andyouwillmeetanimportantcustomerfromParistoday.M:Okay,okay,stopyelling.I’mup.W:Breakfastisready.Youlikefriedeggs,right?M:ButIwanttohaveboiledeggsthismorning.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whyhasthewomandecidednottoworkattheboys’camp？A.Shehasn’tworkedtherebefore.BSheknowslittleaboutthecamp.C.Shewantstobebetterpaid.15.Howdoestheman’sbrotherearnalotofmoney？A.Byworkingattheboys’camp.B.Bydoingsomecleaningwork.C.Bycuttingsomebody’sgrass.16.Whatkindofjobwouldthewomanliketodo？A.Ajobinaschool. B.Ajobintheopenair. C.Ajobatthehotel.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Itisalmostvacationtime.Haveyoufoundasummerjobyet?W:No,Idon’tthinkIwillworkattheboys’campwhereIworkedlastsummer.Campjobsdon’tpaymuch.M:IthinkIcanfindajobattheEvergreenHotel.Afriendofminewasawaitertherelastsummer.Thepaywasn’tgood,butthetipswere.W:Mysisterworkedtherelastsummer,makingbedsandcleaningbathrooms.Shedidn’tlikeitbutsheearnedalotofmoney.M:Thehighschoolkidsearnalotofmoneyeverysummercuttinggrass.Mybrotherisonlyfourteen,buthegetsfivedollarseverytimehecutssomebody’sgrass,anditonlytakeshimanhour.Hejustridesaroundonthemachinethathebought,andthemachinedoesallthework.W:That’sprettygood.IusedtocutgrasswhenIwasinhighschool.ButnowIthinkImightworkforaroadbuildingcompany,orsomethinglikethat.M:Itcouldbeagoodexperience.Andyoucouldearnalottoo.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhenwerethefirstGrammyAwardsheld？A.In1956. B.In1957. C.In1958.18.WhydidtheshowreturntoLosAngelesin1999？A.BecauseNewYorkersdidn’tliketheGrammyAwardsatall.B.Becausetheshoworganizersdidn’tgetalongwiththemayorofNewYork.C.Becausetheshoworganizersmovedthereaccordingtotheoriginalplan.19.WhichGrammyAwardswerebroadcastnationwideonCBS？A.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardsinLosAngeles.B.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardsinNewYork.C.The19thAnnualGrammyAwardsinLosAngeles.20.WhyaretheticketsNOTavailabletothegeneralpublic？A.Becausethey’reorderedbynominees.B.Becausethey’re“byinvitationonly”.C.Becausetherearenotmanyofthem.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】TheGrammyAwardsstartingin1958arethegreatestofallmusicawards,datingbackoverfivedecades.TheyaretomusicwhatOscaristothemovies.Thename“Grammy”isshortfor“gramophone”sincetheawardsareshapedlikethoseold-fashionedphonographs.OvertheyearsLosAngelesandNewYorkhaveplayedtug-of-warwiththeGrammyAwardsshow.In1999,theshowreturnedtoLosAngelesbecausetheshoworganizersdidn’tgetalongwellwiththemayorofNewYorkCity.In2003，theshowreturnedtoNewYork,andin2004,theawardshowmovedbacktoLosAngelesandremainedtherein2005.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardstookplaceinLosAngelesattheStaplesCenteronSunday,February11,2007,andwerebroadcastnationwideonCBS.TicketstotheannualGrammyAwardsshowarenotavailabletothegeneralpublicjustbecausetheyare“byinvitationonly”tonominees,recordingartists,recordcompaniesandsoon.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ACentralPowerandLightGraduatingfromhighschool?Lookingforajob?Wehaveabrightfutureforyou!We’reCentralPowerandLight.Formorethanfiftyyears,wehavebeenprovidingtheenergyyouneedeveryday.Wekeepyouwarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Withoutus,yourCDPlayers,televisions,radiosandcomputerswouldn'twork.Infact,withoutus,youmighthavetroublereadingthesewordsbecauseweareresponsibleforthingsasbasicasthelightsinyourhomesandclassrooms.We’requiteabusiness.However,asimportantaselectricandgaspoweraretoourcustomerswe’remorethanjustapublic-servicecompany.We’realsoagoodneighbor,workinghardtohelpkeepourenvironmentascleanaswepossiblycanwhilestillkeepingourcarbonfootprintlow.Ittakesmanypeoplewithawidevarietyofskillsandintereststokeepacompanylikeoursinbusiness.That’swhywehavemorethanonehundredjobopeningsinseveralareas.Doanyofthesesoundrightforyou?mechanictraineewordprocessorsafetyinspectortraineedriversecurityguardcustomerservicerepresentativeaccountantWearealwayslookingfornewtalent,andweofferahostofpetitivesalariespensionplaninsurancecompanysocialeventsmedicalcoveragepleasantworkingconditionscontinuingtrainingclassesconvenientlocationIfyouwouldliketotalkwithoneofouremploymentconsultants,weinviteyoutoourjobfairbeingheldtheweekofMay3—May7.Justdropin.Youwillbeglad.21.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Powercompanyworkers. B.Highschoolseniors.C.Thegeneralpublic. D.Highschoolteachers.22.Whatmightaninterestedreaderdoafterreadingthetext?A.Talktoafriend. B.Visitaschoolheadmaster.C.Attendajobfair. D.Consulthisorherparents.23.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecompanymentionedabove?A.Ithasahistoryofoveracentury.BItsbusinessrangesfromlighttogas.C.Itpaysmuchattentiontoecosystem.D.Itholdsalargejobfairmonthly.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了CentralPowerandLight公司及其聘请岗位的概况。【21题详解】推理推断题。由第一段“Graduatingfromhighschool?Lookingforajob?Wehaveabrightfutureforyou!”（中学毕业？找工作？我们有一个光明的将来给你！），可知本文主要针对中学毕业生聘请。故选B项。【22题详解】细微环节理解题。由最终一段“Ifyouwouldliketotalkwithoneofouremploymentconsultants,weinviteyoutoourjobfairbeingheldtheweekofMay3—May7.Justdropin.Youwillbeglad.”（假如您想与我们的一位就业顾问交谈，我们邀请您参与我们将于5月3日至5月7日实行的聘请会。顺便来看看。你会兴奋的。），可知感爱好的读者读完文章后会参与于5月3日至5月7日实行的聘请会。故选C项。【23题详解】细微环节理解题。由第三段中的“We’realsoagoodneighbor,workinghardtohelpkeepourenvironmentascleanaswepossiblycanwhilestillkeepingourcarbonfootprintlow.”（我们也是一个好邻居，在尽可能保持环境清洁的同时，我们也在努力保持低碳排放。），可知该公司不仅持环境清洁，还保持低碳排放，说明它特别留意生态环境爱护。故选C项。BItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.Inbetweenisanexcitingtaleofsurvival,movement,isolation,andconquest,mostofitoccurringbeforerecordedhistory.WhowerethosefirstmodernpeopleinAfrica?Whatroutesdidtheytakewhentheylefttheirhomecontinent60,000yearsagotoexpandintoEuropeandAsia?WhenandhowdidhumansreachtheAmericas?Fordecades,theonlyproofwasfoundinasmallnumberofscatteredbonesandartifactsthatourancestorsleftbehindontheirjourneys.Inthepast20years,however,DNAtechnologieshaveallowedscientiststofindarecordofancienthumanmigrationsintheDNAoflivingpeople.“Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,”sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.Thehumangeneticcode,orgenome,is99.9percentidenticalthroughouttheworld.ButwhilethebulkofourDNAisthesame,what’sleftisresponsibleforourindividualdifferences—ineyecolorordiseaserisk,forexample.Onveryrareoccasions,asmallchange,calledamutation,canoccur,whichisthenpasseddowntoallofthatperson’sdescendants.Generationslater,findingthatsamemutationintwopeople'sDNAindicatesthattheysharethesameancestor.Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.Theseancientmutationsareeasiesttotrackintwoplaces:inDNAthatispassedfrommothertochild(calledmitochondrialDNA,ormtDNAforshort),andinDNAthattravelsfromfathertoson(knownastheYchromosome,thepartofDNAthatdeterminesachildwillbeaboy).BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色体)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.24.Thebesttitleforthisreadingcouldbe________.A.Exploringhumanhistory B.FindingDNAdifferencesC.Makingabiologyexperiment D.DiscoveringancestryinDNA25.WhatcanweinferfromthequoteofSpencerWellsinParagraph3?A.Adropofbloodcontainsgeneticinformationthatcantellaperson’sancestralhistory.B.TheorganizationofinformationinahistorybookissimilartotheorganizationofDNAwithinagene.C.EverydropofbloodcontainsenoughDNAinformationtofillmanyhistorybooks.D.Althoughpeoplespeakdifferentlanguages,allhumanbloodcontainsthesamelanguage.26.Theunderlinedword“bulk”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.thelargesize B.themainpartC.theweightorshape D.thequantity27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothereading?A.TheearliestpeoplearesaidtooriginatefromAfricaandspreadacrosstheworld.B.Scientistshavefoundwaystodeterminewhetherpeoplesharethesameancestor.C.HumanDNAremainsthesameaswhatispasseddownfromtheirancestors.D.ComparingmtDNAandYchromosomescanhelpidentifyhumanmigrations.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白遗传学者如何通过探讨人类基因突变追踪人类起源和迁徙的问题。【24题详解】主旨大意题。依据文章第一句“ItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.”人们信任，人类的故事始于非洲，结束于大约20万年后，他们的70亿后代散布在地球各地，生活在和平或斗争中，他们的脸被营火和电脑屏幕照亮。其次段最终一句“Inthepast20years,however,DNAtechnologieshaveallowedscientiststofindarecordofancienthumanmigrationsintheDNAoflivingpeople.”然而，在过去的20年里，DNA技术使科学家能够在活人的DNA中找到远古人类迁徙的记录。第三段最终一句“Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.”通过比较不同人群的基因突变，科学家们可以追溯他们祖先的联系。和第四段最终一句“BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色体)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.”通过比较不同人群的mtDNA和Y染色体，遗传学家可以大致了解这些人群在全球大迁徙中何时何地分开的。可知本文主要讲人类起源于非洲大陆。科学家运用DNA技术，通过比较世人的DNA基因突变状况，追踪不同族群的人是否源于同一祖先，进而大致弄清晰他们何时何地迁徙到世界各地。D项“通过DNA寻祖”，最全面，能涵盖本文主旨。为最佳标题。故选D。【25题详解】推理推断题。第三段第一句“‘Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,’sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.”人口遗传学家斯宾塞·威尔斯说:“每一滴血都包含着一部用基因语言书写的历史书。”由此推断出，一滴血液中包含着很多可以昭示一个人祖先历史的遗传信息。故选A【26题详解】词义揣测题。依据第三段的其次句“Thehumangeneticcode,orgenome,is99.9percentidenticalthroughouttheworld.”全世界人类的遗传密码，或者叫染色体，有99.9%是相同的。第三句的后半句what’sleftisresponsibleforourindividualdifferences—ineyecolorordiseaserisk,forexample.剩下的一点点（不同）确定了人们眼睛颜色和患病风险的差异。可知，我们DNA的主要部分是相同的。故选B。【27题详解】细微环节理解题。A项与文章第一句“ItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.”“早期人类起源于非洲，然后渐渐迁徙遍布世界各地”意思一样，是正确的。依据第三段最终一句“Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.”“科学家们通过比较不同族群的基因突变，可以追溯出这些族群祖先之间的联系”可知B选项正确。从第四段最终一句“BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色体)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.”可知，通过比较不同族群的线粒体基因和Y染色体，可以帮助遗传学家也许推断这些族群是何时何地（在迁徙途中）彼此分开的，可知D项正确。C项的意思是人类的DNA从来没有变更过。而第三段第四句“Onveryrareoccasions,asmallchange,calledamutation,canoccur,whichisthenpasseddowntoallofthatperson'sdescendants.在特别罕见的状况下，一种被称为突变的小变更会发生，然后遗传给这个人的全部后代”的意思是“在特别罕见的状况下，（基因）会产生微小的变更，……”可见C项是错误的陈述。故选C。【点睛】推理推断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点看法、文章出处、写作意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求依据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所供应的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（示意），imply（示意），indicate（示意），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义，最终结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题2，第三段第一句“‘Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,’sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.”人口遗传学家斯宾塞·威尔斯说:“每一滴血都包含着一部用基因语言书写的历史书。”由此推断出，一滴血液中包含着很多可以昭示一个人祖先历史的遗传信息。故选ACThe90-minutelonggameinvolvestwogoals,blackandwhitecheckeredballs,goalkeeper,andnohanduse.Thissport,ofcourse,issoccerorfootball,asthemajorityoftherestoftheworldsays.It’sconfusingthatsomecountriescallthissport“football”whileAmericansandCanadianssay“soccer”,butapparentlytheBritisharemostlytoblame.ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem,accordingtoapaperbyStefanSzymanski,aprofessorofsportseconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan.Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”,perSzymanski’spaper.Ifyourheadhurtsfromthinkingaboutthis,preparetohaveyourmindblownbythesethingsyouprobablyneverthoughtabout—untiljustnow.Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.ThankstothepopularityofAmericanfootball,soccerplayersinAmericakeepto“soccer”tohelpdifferentiatethemselves,accordingtotheEncyclopediaBritannica.Ifthename“soccer”stuckinBritain,andifAmericanscameupwithabetteroneforAmericanfootball,therewouldbemuchlessconfusion.Sowhydidthe“football”shortkindof“associationfootball”becomemorepopularthan“soccer”inEnglandanyway?Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.Szymanski’spaperclaimsitcouldbethankstoAmericanandBritishnewsorganizationspushingeithertermineachcountry.28.Whatcausedthenameconfusionintheearly1800s?A.Gametime. B.Sportsrules.C.Ballpopularity. D.Newsorganizations.29.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.Thenameconfusionisbecomingstronger.B.Youcannotuseyourhandswhileplayinggames.C.Thenamesmakeitmoredifficultforpeopletounderstand.D.Makingthebestoftheheadinthesportsisextremelyvital.30.Inwhichofthefollowingdothetwobelongtothesameone?A.“Rugby”and“Soccer”. B.“Rugger”and“Americanfootball”.C.“Americanfootball”and“Gridiron”. D.“Gridiron”and“Associationfootball”.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Thenameconfusionwouldbecomeless.B.TheBritishdislikedsoccerduringWorldWarII.C.AmericansoccerwasmorepopularthanEnglishfootball.D.Historyandculturehadagreateffectonthename.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的国家尤其是英美两国足球命名比较混淆的由来。【28题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段“ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem,accordingtoapaperbyStefanSzymanski,aprofessorofsportseconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan.(密歇根高校体育经济学教授StefanSzymanski在一篇论文中指出，造成这种名称混淆的缘由事实上是19世纪初的英国高校，它们试图将各种体育竞赛标准化，这些竞赛有不同的规则和规定来区分它们)”可知，在19世纪早期，是体育规则导致了名字的混淆。故选B。【29题详解】句意揣测题。依据其次段中“Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”,perSzymanski’spaper.(橄榄球，以前被称为“Rugbyfootball”或“rugger”，是“football”一词的翻译，在橄榄球竞赛中你可以用手击球。Soccer最初是“associationfootball”或“assoccer”，是“football”的传统翻译，人们不用手。依据Szymanski的论文，英格兰人起先缩短名字，去掉短语中的“association”和“asocker”中的“a”)”可知，其次段描述了依据是否运用手来命名的困难过程，结合第三段介绍了足球依据新规则命名的困难过程。故画线部分意思是“命名过程愈加混乱了”。故选A。【30题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.(困难的事情来了：在1869年，罗格斯高校和普林斯顿高校结合英式橄榄球和英式足球的规则，举办了第一场有记载的传统足球竞赛，这就是我们现在所说的“美式足球”，其他国家称之为“格里迪伦足球”)”可知“Americanfootball”和“gridiron”都是指美式足球。故选C。【31题详解】推理推断题。最终一段中“Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.Szymanski’spaperclaimsitcouldbethankstoAmericanandBritishnewsorganizationspushingeithertermineachcountry.(据《大西洋月刊》报道，其次次世界大战期间，美国人对英国的影响使得soccer这个词在20世纪80年头之前在英国流行起来。大约在那个时候，这项运动在美国变得更加流行，英国人就不再运用“soccer”这个词了。西曼斯基的论文称，这可能因为英美两国的新闻机构在两国推行两个不同的词汇所致)”由此推断，二战期间美国对英国影响较大，soccer被英国人普遍运用，但二战之后，美国影响力减弱，于是英国人回到原来的用词football。可推知，历史和文化对名字有很大的影响。故选D。DInanefforttofightthe“throw-awayculture”andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.Thisisn’tyourgrandma’sthriftshop(旧货商店).Itresellsperfectlygooditemsthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.ApunontheGermanwordsfor“departmentstore”and“conservinghouse”,B-Wa(h)renhaussellsawidevarietyofproducts.Farfromsimplysellingolditems,theelectronicgoodshavebeenfixedbyexperttechniciansandcomewithayear’sguarantee.And,toreachmoresecondhandshoppers,thestorewassetuprightinthemiddleofthefamousKarstadtdepartmentstore.Withthesuccessofitsinitialsix-monthtrialrun,thecityplanstoopenfourmoresimilaroperationsinotherpartsofBerlin.By2030,ithopestohaveatleastonelocationineachofBerlin’s12districts.Since2008,citypoliciesandeducationalcampaignshavereducedaverageannualhouseholdwastebyabout25poundsperresident.Italsorecyclesabout49%ofitsmineralconstructionwaste.Currently,thecityestimatesthat8%ofabandonedelectronicgoodsand6%ofhugeitemsthrownawaycanactuallybereused.Thegoalistoexpandthemarketfortheseitemsbeyondtheusualbargainhuntersandeco-consciousconsumers.“Threeyearsago,westartedcollectingallkindsofusedgoods,”cityspokespersonDorotheeWindensaid.“Therearelotsofthingsthatarewell-preservedandfunctioningbutaren’tbeingusedanymore.Thegoalistogivethesethingsanewlifewithsomebodywhocanusethem.”Thestorealsoincludesaneducationcentertoencouragemoresustainablelifestyles—andalsogaveanawardtoaprojectthatrecyclesschooluniforms,sothatparentsdon’thavetobuynewoneseveryyear.32.WhyhasBerlinopeneditsownsecondhanddepartmentstore?A.Toattractmoreshoppers. B.Topromoterecycling.C.Tofostertraditionalculture. D.Toexpandsecondhandmarket.33.InwhichaspectisB-Wa(h)renhausdifferentfromthetraditionalthriftstore?A.Thevarietyofthegoods. B.Thelocationofthestore.C.Thequalityoftheproducts. D.Theoperationofthestore.34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Berlincurrentlyhas4second-handstoresinconstruction.B.Berlinhasbeensuccessfulincuttingitswastesince2008.C.Itisnoteasytomakethegoaltoexpandthemarketareality.D.ItisestimatedthatBerlinwillbeazero-wastecityby2030.35.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.TointroduceBerlin’snewreuseshopoperation.B.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofreasonableshopping.C.Topersuadepeopletobecomeeco-friendlyshoppers.D.Toencouragemorepeopletodonatetosecondhandshops.【答案】32.B33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了柏林政府为推动废弃物再利用理念而开设的一个二手商场的举措。【32题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Inanefforttofightthe‘throw-awayculture’andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.(为了抵制‘扔掉的文化’，促进再利用和修复，柏林市实行了独特的举措，开设了自己的二手百货商店。)”可知，柏林要开自己的二手百货商店是为了促进回收利用。故选B项。【33题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中“Itresellsperfectlygooditemsthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.(它出售的东西都很好，否则就会被扔掉。)”和“Farfromsimplysellingolditems,theelectronicgoodshavebeenfixedbyexperttechniciansandcomewithayear’sguarantee.(这些电子产品远非简洁地卖旧东西，而是由专业技术人员修理，并有一年的保修期。)”可知，它的产品质量不同于传统的旧货店。故选C项。【34题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中“Since2008,citypoliciesandeducationalcampaignshavereducedaverageannualhouseholdwastebyabout25poundsperresident.Italsorecyclesabout49%ofitsmineralconstructionwaste.(自2008年以来，城市政策和教化活动已经使每位居民每年平均削减了25磅的家庭垃圾。该公司还回收了49%的矿物建筑垃圾。)”可推断出，自2008年以来，柏林在削减废弃物方面做得特别胜利。故选B项。【35题详解】推理推断题。通读全文，依据第一段“Inanefforttofightthe‘throw-awayculture’andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.(为了抵制‘扔掉的文化’，促进再利用和修复，柏林市实行了独特的举措，开设了自己的二手百货商店。)”及其他各段内容可知，本文主要介绍了柏林政府为推动废弃物再利用理念而开设的一个二手商场的举措，介绍柏林新的回收再利用商场的运作。故选A项。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyourecentlyclosedonanewhouse,youprobablystartedhousehuntinginthemidstoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Unfortunately,hostingahousewarmingin2024isprobablygoingtobehardertopulloff.Tohelp,we’vecookedupafewideasofhowtoholdapandemic-erahousewarmingparty.Thebasics:SafeAnythingthatyoudoduringthepandemicshouldfollowsomesimplerules.____36____Forexample:washyourhandsalot,weara