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1OBSERVATIONSONAMERICANENGLISH严辰松yanchensong@1/1022ContentsI.Acquisitionofanativelanguageandlearningaforeignlanguage:DifferencesII.Myfirst-handexperienceofEnglishIII.CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglishIV.Examples1.Commonwordsandexpressionsre-examined2.Americancolloquialisms3.Miscellaneous2/1023I.Acquisitionofanativelanguageandlearningaforeignlanguage:Differences3/1024Learningaforeignlanguage:Themeaningislearnedoutofcontext,usuallythroughanotherwordoranothersetofwords:anequivalentfromChinese,asynonymorparaphrasefromtheforeignlanguageonestudies.Themeaningisnotdirectlyassociatedwiththethingoreventinreality.4/1025Forexample:applepie comfortablecarpool 苹果饼happy;satisfied汽车合作使用（指一些有汽车人轮番适用各自汽车/ajointarrangementbyagroupofprivateautomobileownersordriversinwhicheachinturndriveshisowncarandtakestheotherpassengers5/1026Acquisitionofanativelanguage:Meaningislearnedinthecontext,i.e.,directlyassociatedwithanobject,conceptoreventinreality,ratherthanthroughaChineseequivalent,anEnglishword,orEnglishparaphrase.6/1027Forexample:applepie carpool7/1028II.Myfirst-handexperienceofEnglishIwenttotheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara(UCSB)asavisitingscholarin1996.8/102UCSBaerialview9/10210UCSBLagoonStorkeTower10/1021111/10212Whatitmeantforme1.AnopportunityformetoassociatethewordsandexpressionsIhadlearnedwithrealobjects,conceptsoreventstheyrepresentorreferto,becausetheywouldbeheardrightinthecontext.12/10213AsanEnglishteacher,Ihadbeenlearningthelanguageforquitemanyyears.Ihadalargevocabularyandgoodknowledgeofgrammar.ButIwantedtoknowexactlywhattheAmericansusewhentheyrefertoaspecificobjectorwhenaparticularsituationarises.13/10214Forexample:Whatisa“demo”exactly?Whatis“yardsale”?HowdotheAmericansgreetinthemorning?Dotheysay“Howareyou”orwhat?Howdotheymaketheirfarewellatparting?Dotheysay“Bye-bye”orwhat?14/10215IunderstoodtheremustbealanguagethemajorityoftheAmericansagreeupon.TheremustbeanEnglishthatatypicalAmericanwouldusetocopewithhisorhereverydayworkorlife.I’dliketocheckmyEnglishwiththeAmericans’.15/102162.Anopportunitytopickupwordsandexpressionsthatwerenewtome,especiallythoseuniquetotheAmericancultureandoneknowsthemonlywhenoneisintheculture.16/10217Forexample:spaghettipizza17/10218WhatIdidTalkingandmixingwiththenativespeakers.Observation:Iwasonthealerttowatchfortheusesofthelanguage.Takingnotes.18/10219WhatIwatchedfor1.WordsandexpressionsthatweremostoftenandmosttypicallyusedindailyspokenEnglish.2.Wordsandexpressionsthatwerenewtome.3.WordsandexpressionsthatmightbeuniquetotheAmericancontext.I’llshowyouexamplesafterthesecomments.19/10220III.CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish1.Simpleandbrief:Acronymsinwrittenlanguage:DIY(Doityourself)FYI(Foryourinformation)ASAP(assoonaspossible)20/10221Clippedwordsinbothspokenandwrittenlanguage:Demo(Aproduct,suchasanautomobile,usedfordemonstrationandoftensoldlateratadiscount)DemosinRadioCity21/10222Decaf(decaffeinatedcoffeeortea,asopposedto“regular”coffee)Prof(professor)Ped(We’llcomebacktothiswordlater.)22/102232.Informal:someslangexpressionswidelyusedandgenerallyaccepted.We’llseeexamples.3.Varied:changeofthelanguagebeginningwiththeyounggeneration.23/10224IV.Examples24/102251.Commonwordsandexpressionsre-examined25/10226amazing:incredible-HaveyouheardthataScottishscientisthasclonedasheep?-Isthatso?Amazing.Maybewe’llbeabletoclonehumanbeingssomeday.Alookofbeingamazed.26/10227beatWe’llbeatanyprice.Meetorbeat.27/10228bigThebigquestionis:HowaretheAmericansgoingtocaptureOsamabinLaden?28/10229bunchof,aTheycameacrossabunchofproblemsatfirst.Whathesaidisabunchofcrap.(taboo)29/10230buyn.&v.N.bestbuy/keybuyYou’vegotagoodbuythere.V.Willyoubuythatopinion?30/10231comeby/dropbyvisit;dropinComebysomeday,willyou?Idohopeyoucoulddropbyoneofthesedays.31/10232comfortablehappy;satisfiedAreyoucomfortablewithwhatheissayinginthisparagraph?Iwonderifyoufeelcomfortablewithmytalk.Comeandmakeyourcontributions,withanyamountcomfortabletoyou.32/10233endupTheorangesenduprottenontheground.Themeatwillendupasdogfood.Heendedupwashingdishesinarestaurant.33/10234fineTuesdaywillbefine.Fiftydollarswillbefine.That’sfinewithme.Thecomputerworksfine.34/10235fixIfixmybikemyself.I’mstarving.I’llfixsomethingtoeat.

Asthesayinggoes,“Youcanfixanythingexceptthemeaningof‘fix’.”35/10236flatrateYoucouldchooseflatrate,whichmeansyoupayafixedrateeverymonth,nomatterhowmanycallsyouhavemade.36/10237goodadj.&adv.It’sagoodprice(reasonable,acceptable).Thehamburgerthereisofgoodsize(quitebig).Youmissedagooddeal(nice).We’vegotgoodrainuphere(alotof).Youaredoingprettygood(usedasanadverb).Thegarbagemanmakesgoodmoney.37/10238greatYoulookgreattoday.Great!Youhavelearntit.38/10239hangoutHangingout?Haven’tseenyoufordays.Birdsusedtohangoutinthisplace,buttheydonotcomeanymore.39/10240happenShehashopedtogetthegoldmedal,butitdidn’thappen.Let’sworktogethertomakeithappen.40/10241AugustoCury’sThinkandMakeItHappenunveilsthe12lawsofhappinessthatwillteachreadershowtomastertheiremotions,stress,thoughts,andrelationships.Bysimplychangingthewayyouthink,youcanchangeyourlifeforever!41/10242hazard:dangerDonotcoveryourgasburnerwithfoil,becausetheremightbeafirehazard.Gasburner42/10243keepuspostedkeepusinformedKeepuspostedAlumniareimportanttotheDepartmentofLinguistics.Ifyouareagraduateofourdepartment,pleasetaketimetofillouttheshortformbelow.Thiswillhelpuscompileanupdateonyouandyouractivities.43/10244knowwhatoneisdoingIwonderifyouknowwhatyou’redoing.44/10245knowledgeableI’mnotthatknowledgeableaboutaudioelectronics.Maybeyoucouldrecommendtomewhattobuy.45/10246lovedonesfamilyTheAmericansweredeeplygrievedbythe9.11attackonNewYorkandWashington.ManyfamiliesinNewYorklosttheirlovedonesintheexplosion.46/10247madsomehowangryHe’smadatme,sayingI’maskingyoutoomanyquestions.Alookofbeingmad.47/10248mess/messyI’msorrythehandoutisamess.Iwasinahurry.Whatamessyroom!48/10249pan&wokpanwok49/10250paperworkTheytoldmetheydidn’thavemypaperwork.Getyourpaperworkreadybeforeyouapplyforajob.50/10251regular25percentoffregularprice-Whichdoyouprefer,regularordecaf?-Iwantadecaf.51/10252rightadv.oradj.adv.I’llberightback.I’llberightbehindyou.Theycoughrightatyou.Ilookedatthedeskandthepursewasrightinfrontofher.52/10253Adj.Isthatright?:Isthatso?Really?That’sjustright:That’sexactlyhow/what....53/10254run-downThebuildinglooksrun-down.54/10255scare/scaryShejusthadascare.Iwassoscared.Theexperiencewasscary.55/10256somethingHeistwentysomething.Thehousecoststhirtythousandsomething.56/10257splitSomerestaurantsallowyoutosplityourfoodandtheygiveyouanextraplate.Sowesplittheexpensesbetweenus.57/10258stuffWegoshoppingatweekends,togetstufflikemilk,eggs,meat,andvegetables.Idon’tlikethatstuff.58/10259switchIwanttoswitchrooms.59/10260throughI’mnotthroughwithyouyet.We’llbethroughFriday.(saidanoccupantinamotel:hewillstaytillFriday.)Motel60/10261town:outoftownProfessorThompsonisoutoftownatthemoment.She’llbebackbyFriday.61/10262up/downWewereupthereduringThanksgiving.Herdaughterisdown(inSouthernCaliforniaorinthesouth,orshehasgonetothesouth).62/102UpDown63/10264wineanddinetowineanddinethemWininganddiningisacommonpracticewithbigcompanies.64/10265wayTheirincomeiswayabovemine.Iwastoolazytowalktogetsomesoapwaydownintheutilityroom.65/102662.Americancolloquialisms66/10267could-be-Thatwouldbetwentythousandsomethingdollarsayear.-Could-be.Youcannevertellhowmuchtheywillchargeyouforcollegeeducation.67/10268dreamcometrueForhimitisAmericandreamcometrue.68/10269guyMan(youngorold):Iknowyouguysarebusy.Thatguyoverthereismybrother.69/10270kidgrandkid70/10271nobigdealIt’snobigdeal(Thereis

nothingtoworryabout).71/10272nutsUsedtoexpressfeelingsofdisgust,defiance,disapproval,despair,etc.;crazy,mad,insane;foolish“Nuts,theguyislateagain,”hegroaned.Thepatientsdrivemenuts.72/10273I’dgonutswithallthiswork:I’llbecrazywithallthiswork.Itmakesmenuts.Tobenutsabout:tolovedeeplyHeisnutsaboutthecar.73/10274ripoffn.&v.I’mafraidyougotrippedoff.That’sacompleterip-off.74/10275Fabulous/Gorgeous/Fantastic.Great/Terrific.75/10276Goodforyou.You’vedoneyourhomework?Goodforyou.76/10277Holdonasecond.Hangonasecond.Waitaminute.77/10278Howareyoudoing?Good.Thisiswhatpeoplenormallysaywhentheymeetintheday.78/10279Nokidding.Youarenotjoking,areyou?Really?(amazed;showingdisbelief)Yousayhe’sbeensackedbyhisboss?Nokidding!79/10280Oh,gosh!Anexclamationyoumakewhenyouforgetaboutsomething,youhavemadeanerror,etc.Oh,gosh!Thehandoutsarenotwithme.Oh,gosh,Iforgottofeedthecorgis(akindofdog)again!80/10281Oops/u:ps/Anexclamationyoumakewhenyoumakeanerrororslipwhiledoingsomething,orwhenasmallmishapoccurstoyou.Occasionsyouusetheexpression:Youhavealmosthitanothercarwhenyouarebackingoutyourparkingspace.Youcarelesslyknockedapenoffyourdesk.81/10282Oops!82/10283Oh,man/Oh,boy!Anexclamationyoumakewhenyouareamazed,surprised,orfrustrated,etc.Oh,man,whataplace!Oh,boy,hewantedustoturninthepaperthenextday!Ihadn’twrittenasingleword.83/10284Sayinggood-byeHaveagoodday.Youtoo.(Youmaysaythistoafriendoracquaintanceatpartingaslongasitisinthedaytime,evenintheafternoon)Takecare.(Analternativewayofsayinggoodbye)Drivecarefully.(Makingfarewellwhentheotherpartyisdrivingacar)84/10285Thereyougo.That’sright/That’swhatitis/That’showitisdone.85/102863.Miscellaneous86/10287physicallychallengeddisabled87/10288verticallychallengedshort88/10289visuallychallengedblind;short-sighted89/10290carpool90/10291PEDXINGSignatthecrossingofroadstowarndriversofpossiblepedestrianscrossingtheroad91/10292pre-ownedsecond-handApre-ownedpiano92/10293pro-lifevs.pro-choice93/10294vistapointApointorpositionwhere