新视野第二版第三册课文幻灯-unit8

Unit8SectionALegalandMoralImplicationsofCloningAIRFORCEUNIVERSITYOFENGINEERINGFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS

Ourtopictodayis“Cloning”.Cloning,asitsnameimplies,isthegenetictermforproducinganexactcopyofananimalorplantbydevelopingartificiallyacellfromit.ButthebirthofDolly,amammalclone,islikesettingthecat

amongthepigeons.Lead-inBackgroundInformationDolly:

Dolly(July5,1996–February14,2003),aewe,wasthefirstmammaltohavebeensuccessfullyclonedfromanadultcell.

ShewasclonedattheRoslinInstituteintheUnitedKingdomandlivedthereuntilherdeathwhenshewas6.IdahoGemTheworld'sfirstclonedmule,wasbornonMay4.Heisanidenticalgeneticcopyofhisbrother,achampionracingmulecalledTaz,andthefirstclonetobebornintheequinefamily.CcTheworld'sfirstclonedkitten,namedCc.ItwascreatedbyscientistsinTexasusingacelltakenfromanadulttortoiseshellfemale(seenextpicture).Thephoto,takenonDecember222001whenthekittenwassevenweeksold,wasmadepublicinFebruary2002.Noel,Angel,Star,Joy,MaryFiveclonedpiglets,borninVirginia,USAonMarch52000.Theworld'sfirstclonedpigletswereproducedbyPPLTherapeuticsfromanadultsowusingaslightlydifferenttechniquefromtheonethatproducedDolly.DNAdonor

Howisacloned

babyborn?Backgroundinformation3.What’sthedifference?Thecombinationofgenesisafundamentalbasisforhumanvariationanddiversity.Alloftheclonedchild'sgeneswouldcomefroma________.Thechildwouldbeageneticduplicateofthatexistingdonor.DNAdonorWhydidthebirthofDollybecomethefocusofworldopinion?Becauseitstoodforabigbreakthroughinthegeneticengineering;Becauseitbecamepossibletoclonehumanbeings;Becauseitwasadeformedproductofscience;TipsDiscussionDiscussionWhataretheprosandconsofcloning?PROS:Produceanimalswithdesirabletraits.Increasetheefficiencyofthelivestockproduction.Offsetlossesofamongendangeredspeciespopulations.Enablebetterresearchforfindingcurestomanydiseases.Providechildrenforparentswhowouldlikeachildbutcan'thaveoneforvariousreasons.Provideparentswithanopportunitytocloneachildwhohasdied.ReferencesCONS:Declineingeneticdiversity.Takingnatureintoourownhands.Religiousandmoralreasons.Physicalproblems,suchasbirthdefects.Possibilityofmentalandemotionalproblemsoftheclone.WatchandDiscussDirections:

Watchthevideoandthendiscussthetopicsasfollows:Videowatching2.Howshouldweexploitthecloningmethodtothebestofhumanadvantages?1.Wouldyouliketobeclonedoncehumancloningbecomesareality?Whyorwhynot?KeyKeyBackWatch&Discuss(Open-ended)Iwouldchoosetobethefirstonetobecloned.Inthatcase,therewouldbenolimittomyenjoymentoflife.WhilemyclonewouldbeinchargeofwhateverIdislikebuthavetodo,suchashomeworkandwashing,IwouldbefreetodowhateverItaketo,liketravelingorplayingvideogames.IwouldalsotellhimtomakeanappointmentwithmyblinddatewhileIwouldactasanonlooker.FormoreButforme,acloneofmyselfwouldbringalotoftroubletomylife.Foronething,hewoulddeprivemeofpersonalexperiencewithlife,whichisofmuchhelptomygrowth.Foranother,hewouldrobmeofmyintimacywithmybelovedifhewouldtakecareoftheirlifeinsteadofme.Andworstofall,hewouldreflectuponmeoncehewoulddosomethingawful.Sothatisthelastthingformetodo.FormoreBackWatch&DiscussCloningmustbeexploitedinalimitedway.Ontheonehand,afullerplayshouldbegiventoitspotentialswhichcanbringbenefitsorprofitstohumansocietyorhelpprovidewaystoensureabettersurvivalforhumanlives.Forexample,cloningcanhelpscientistsproducecopycowsthatmakemedicinesintheirmilk.

Ontheotherhand,acompletebanmustbeimposedonthereproductionofthehumanbeingswhoaremadeforfosteringhostilitytowardhumansocietyorservingashumanitykillingmachinesundertheswayofterrorists.Oncesuchabanwouldbeliftedforthosereadytobedeadlyenemytohumansocieties,humancloningwouldworkforourowndestruction.StructureofTextThispartisabouttheworld’sstrongandimmediateresponsesinthewakeofWilmut’s

announcement.Thispartofferscompleteorpartialanswers,fromtheup-to-dateknowledge,tothesixquestionsonthelegalandmoralimplicationsof

cloning.Thispartisintendedtoreaffirmtheauthor’sopinionthat,althoughthelistofquestionscouldgoon,peoplebegintowonderaboutthefutureoftheworldaftercloning.Withthesuccessofcloninganadultmammal,theworldwassuddenlybroughtintotherealityofhumancloning.Para.1Para.2-3Para.4-18Para.19ReferenceWords:

beamazed;worried2.QuestionstoComprehensionQ:1)Howdidtheworldreacttothefirstsuccessfullyclonedsheep?(para.3)ReferenceWords:

cloneachild,transplantdonor,substitutefortheoriginal;clonethemselvesQ:2)Whatarethetwoboardcategorieshumancloningsituationsoftenfallinto?(para.5)ReferenceWords:

physicallyidentical;sharethesameenvironment,raisedinthesamefamilyQ:3)Accordingtotheauthor,whyaretwinsmorealikethanclones?(para.9)ReferenceWords:

increasethechances,tissuematchQ:4)Whydosomeparentswanttosavetheirfatallyillchildthroughcloning?(para.12)ReferenceWords:

technology,couldberealizedQ:5)Couldclonedanimalsbeusedasorgandonors?(para.13)ReferenceWords:

creation,newanddisrespectedsocialclassQ:6)Whatisthegravestconcernabouthumancloningforsociety?(para.18)implication

n.

(Title)somethingthatissuggestedI.WordUsingIresentyourimplicationthatmyworkisnotsatisfactory.TranslationKey我讨厌别人暗示我，说我的工作做得不好。Hewasjustplainstupidtogiveupthisopportunity.他放弃这个机会简直是愚蠢至极。TranslationKey2.plainadv.

①usedtoemphasizeanadj.oradv.

我们倡导过简朴的生活。TranslationKeyThemeaningofthesentenceisplain.2.plainadj.

②clearlyvisible

③

simpleWeadvocateplainliving.

这句子的意思十分清楚。

我必须坦白和你说。TranslationKeyImustbeplainwithyou.2.plainadj.

④

truthfulandfrank⑤notattractive;notprettyorgood-looking

这孩子相貌平平。Thekidhasaplainface.

经过五年的努力工作，他升职在望。TranslationKeyAfterfiveyears’hardwork,promotionseemedwithinhisreach.3.withinone’sreach

insidethedistancethatcanbetouched我认为这种新产品会为公司带来很多利润。TranslationKeyIthinkthisnewproductwillgeneratealotofprofitsforthecompany.4.generatevt.

to

causesomethingtoexist;toproduce价格降低后，销售量就上去了。TranslationKeySalesweremountingafterpriceswerelowered.5.mountvi.

toincreaseinamountordegree地震过后，村子里没有任何房子是完好无损的。TranslationKeyAftertheearthquake,nohouseremainedintactinthisvillage.6.intactadj.

completeandnotdamaged这些考试和去年的考试相同。TranslationKeyThetestsareidenticaltothosecarriedoutlastyear.7.beidenticalto/with

exactlythesameasWouldaclonedhumanbeidenticaltotheoriginal?Question他长得不好看，不像他母亲。TranslationKeyHewasnotbeautiful;hedidn’tresemblehismother.8.resemblevt.

tolookorbealikeesp.inappearance9.referto①refertosb.as…=call…as…②refer…tosb./sth.=direct…tosb./sth.forhelp③gotosb.orlookatsth.forinformation④mentionortalkaboutsb./sth.=mention+n./clause9.refertoUseit①Whatwillyourefertocloningas?I’llrefertocloningas_________.②T:Completetheexercisewithoutlookingbacktothetext.S:Letmejustreferto_________.③Complaintsareusuallyreferredto________.目击者说是故意纵火。TranslationKeyWitnessessaythatthefirewasdeliberate.10.deliberateadj.

doingsomethingonpurposee.g.Thespeechwasadeliberateattempttoembarrassthegovernment.He’sneverbeenparticularlyconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofhim.TranslationKey他从不在意别人怎么看他。11.beconcernedabout/over

togiveone’sattentionto;toworryaboutIsthereanythingyouconcernedaboutrecently?What’sit?Question1.Thehumancloningsituationfallsintotwobroadcategories.2.Parentscouldclonea2ndchildwhoresembledtheir1stchild.3.Thedifferencesaresominorthatdetection

ofthembecomesveryhard.typeslookedlikediscoveryII.NewtoOld4.Theconcernisthedeliberatealteringofgenestocreatehumanbeings.5.TheEuropeans

debatedwhethertheunfamiliarinhabitantswerehuman.planneddiscussed

seriouslyimplicationTheTheoryofRelativitygeneticengineeringintheoryguideline含义，暗示/牵连相对论基因工程理论上指导原则，准则III.EnglishtoChinesethesplittingoftheatomunderthenameof…personalitycharacteristicsdraft(vt.)becomparableto/with原子分裂以······的名义个性草拟/征募,征召可与······相比givebirthtosucceedindoinginthewakeoffallintobedividedintobringintotheworldcomingafterachieve(vt.)IV.MatchingGamesavarietyofbreakapartcomeintolifegetaroundpuzzleoverbealive/vividovercomeallkindsofthinkhardaboutcomeaparttranstranstranstranstranstrans-means“across,intoanotherplaceorstate”.Prefixplantatlanticformportmigratetoputintothegroundforgrowthoforaboutthe

AtlanticOceantogiveshapetotocarrytomovefromoneplacetoanotherV.WordBuildingtoremoveandplantinanotherplacebeyondorcrosstheAtlantictochangetheshapeorformtocarryfromoneplacetoanothertomovefromoneplacetoanother

DebateNoYesIshumancloneagoodthing?Watchthreemovieclipsaboutcloning,thendebateonthefollowingtopic.fightfataldiseasessavedyingrelativeshelpinfertilepeoplehavechildrencreategeniusextendhumanlifeenhancecivilizationcreatenewimmunesystems(免疫系统)groworgansandtissuesfortransplantsurgery(移植手术)IdeaSharing—DebateTipsdenyhumanrightsreducevarietyofhumangenepoolunsafeabnormalitiesbirthdefectsashorterlifereligiousobjectionspsychologicalharmsdegradethequalityofparentingandfamilylifeIdeaSharing—DebateIdeaSharingDebating1IdeaSharingDebating2IdeaSharingDebating3StructuredWritingPracticalWritingI.StructuredWriting1.StructureAnalysisListingInanessay,ageneralstatementorquestioncanbeansweredorexplainedby

alistoffacts,reasons,possibilitiesandideas.①AListof

FactsTheperiod1986-1990witnessedgreatchangesinthedietoftheChinesepeople.Theconsumptionofgraindecreasedyearbyyear,whilethatofmilkandmeatshowedasteadyincrease.There’sclearlyamarkedshiftawayfromthetraditionalgrain-baseddiettoonecontainingmorehigh-energyfoodstuffs.2.SamplesParagraph①AListof

FactsThethree

changes

are:Grainconsumption_________;Milkandmeatconsumption_________;There’sa_______fromtraditionalgrain-baseddiettofoodstuffscontainingmorehigh-energy.decreasedincreasedshift②

AListof

ReasonsBasketballispopularinmanycountries.Onereasonforthisisthatit’sinexpensive.Aballandahoopareallyouneed.Moreover,it’sexciting.There’salwayslotsofaction.Additionally,it’sahealthfulsportthatbothmenandwomencanplay.Furthermore,it’sbothanindoorandoutdoorgame.Inwarmcountriesthegameisplayedoutdoorsallyear.Incoldcountries,it’sawintergameplayedindoors.inexpensiveexcitinghealthfulsportbothanindoorandoutdoorgameEachyear,thelossoflivesandpropertycausedbyfloodstotalshundredsofbillionsofdollarsintheworld.Tosolvetheproblem,manhastopayattentiontotheprotectionofvegetation(植被).Sinceplantscanholdinplacethetopsoilwiththeirrootsandslowtheflowofwater,lesssoilwillbecarriedawayifvegetationiswellprotected.Besides,manmustlaystressonharnessingriversbydeepeningriverbeds,strengtheningriverbanksandchangingrivercourses.③AListof

PossibilitiesAlistofdifferentwaystocontrolfloodinclude:protectingvegetationandharnessingriversby_________riverbeds;____________riverbanksand___________rivercourses.deepeningstrengtheningchanging③AListof

Possibilities④AListof

Advantagesofhumancloningfightfatal