人教版高中训练题库同步解析与测评 学考练 英语8 选修5

Unit5Meetingyourancestors

SectionI一WarmingUp,Pre-reading,

Reading&Comprehending

课后•增效测评

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.1wantedtomakeatriptoLondon,butIhadnomoney.SoIhadno(alternatively)

buttostayathome.

答案:alternative

2.(regard)ofthecolourofhisskin,everymanhastherighttolivewherehewants

to.

答案:Regardless

3.We(interruption)thisprogrammetobringyouanewsflash.

答案:tointerrupt

4.1can't(assumption)anythinginthiscase.

答案:assume

5.Theexplorershadtoeatunripefruittoprevent(starve).

答案:starvation

二、用下列单词或词组的正确形式完成句子

atmostcutupampleaswellasalternative

keepoutusedtobeinterruptbemadeofregardlessof

l.Whathotelsarethereinthesmalltown?

答案:alternative

2.Aheavyrainourbaseballgamesowehadtoputitofftillthenextweek.

答案:interrupted

3.WegototheEnglishSalonnowandthen,beingbusydoingour

lessons.

答案:regardlessof

4.Shehasripeexperiencerichknowledgesothatshehasbeenaccepted.

答案:aswellas

5.Thefarmertriedtoshutthedooratoncetotheelephantbuthefailed.

答案:keepout

6.Therobberranawayhalfamile.Youcancatchhimifyouspeedupyourcar.

答案:atmost

7.1fyouthiskindofvegetablebeforecookingit,youwillloseitsvitamin.

答案:cutup

8.Hernecklaceglassbutitlookslikearealdiamondone.

答案:ismadeof

9.Thepolicemanoffereddrinkingwatertotheareawherethevillagerssufferedthe

terribleflood.

答案:ample

lO.Thismountainanoceanmillionsofyearsago.

答案:usedtobe

三、词语替换

l.Wehavenochoicebuttodoit.

答案:alternative

2.Theworkmendugaholeinthewalltoletthesewagepipepassthrough.

答案:excavated

3.He'snotsuchafoolasyouconsideredhimtobe.

答案:assumed

4.Thenativesofthatregionstillliveinancientstrawhuts.

答案:primitive

四、单句改错

l.WehadnoalternativebutfireGibson.

答案:but后加to

2.Themoreinterruptionyoumustdealwithwhileyouarereading,theharderitwillbetokeepyour

attentiononthetaskathand.

答案:interruption一intemiptions

3.Thisleavesherampleoftimetopreparethreemealsaday.

答案:去掉of

4.Youshouldbeencouragedtogoonworkinghardregardlesspastfailures.

答案:regardless后加of

5.Hervoicesharpeneredasshebecameimpatient.

答案:sharpenered—sharpened

★五、阅读理解

A

Thediscoveryofadwarfed（矮个的）"humanbeing“wholivedinFlores,Indonesia,upto18,000years

agoischangingthewaywethinkaboutthehumanfamily.This“FloresHuman“wasthreefeettallandher

brainwassmallerthanthatoftheaveragechimp（黑猩猩）,yetsheandherrelativesapparentlylivedfully

humanlives.Theyseemedtohavemadetools,workedtogethertofindfoodandcookit,andperhapseven

buriedtheirdeadwithceremony.

Itwasamajorsurprisetofindtoolsassociatedwiththenewhumanfamilymember.Thetoolsarelike

thoseformerlyseenonlywithEuropeanfossils（化石）fromourownspecies,Homosapiens（智人）,andthe

oldestofthemweremade94,000yearsago.Homosapiensisthoughttohavearrivedintheislandabout

40,000yearsago,muchtoolatetoberesponsibleforthetools.Ifthistinyhumanmadethetools,thenthe

insidestructure（结构）ofitsbrainmusthavebeenmorelikeourownthanachimp's,despitebeingjusta

thirdthesizeofours.

This“newhuman“wassuspectedtobeadwarfedbranchofHomoerectus（直立人）.Whencreatures

areseparatedinregionswithrareresourcesbutfewenemies,beingbigisadisadvantage,andevolution

tendstoshrinkthem,aprocessknownasislanddwarfing.Couldnaturalselectionmakeahumansmaller

whilekeeping-evenimproving-mentalability?Quitepossibly,believesChristopherWillsofthe

UniversityofCalifornia.

Hasthe“FloresHuman^^evenshowntheabilityoflanguage?41finditdifficulttoimaginethatpeople

couldmaketools,usefire,andkilllargeanimalswithoutfairlyadvancedcommunication.^Willssays.Did

“FloresHuman“possessthebasiccomponentsofhumanculture-suchastheburyingofthedeadwith

ceremony?EmilianoBruneroftheItalianInstitutepointsoutthatIndonesiashot,wetenvironmentisbad

forfossilization.ltisreasonabletoassume,hesays,thatthe18,000-year-oldbonesofthemostcomplete

Floreswomanwerewell-preservedbecauseshewasburiedwithspecialcare.

l.Whatdidthedwarfed"humanbeings99looklike?

A.Theywerenotsmall.

B.Theywereverytall.

C.Theywere30inchestall.

D.Theywere36inchestall.

答案:D

解析:细节理解题。根据"ThisFloresHuman?wasthreefeettallandherbrainwassmaller...”看出这

些矮人有三英尺高，一英尺等于12英寸。

2.Accordingtothepassage,t6FloresHuman“.

A.livedapartlyhumanlife

B.wasabranchofHomosapiens

C.usedtoolsbeforeHomosapiensarrived

D.hadabrainasacommonchimp's

答案:c

解析:推理判断题。由“Itwasamajorsurprisetofindtoolsassociatedwiththenewhumanfamily

member.Thetools...forthetools.”推出C项正确。

3.Theunderlinedpart“thistinyhuman“inParagraph2refersto.

A.achimpB.FloresHuman

C.HomosapiensD.Homoerectus

答案:B

解析:词义猜测题。从"adwarfed（矮个的）'humanbeing'...This'FloresHuman'thistiny

humanmadethetools,thentheinsidestructure（结构）ofitsbrainmusthavebeenmorelikeourownthana

chimp's”,以及第三段的"This'newhuman?was...”看出,thistinyhuman意指“FloresHuman”。

4.Thispassagemainlytalksabout.

A.thetoolsmadeby“FloresHuman^^

B.thelanguageusedby"FloresHuman^^

C.theevolutionof“FloresHuman”

D.themajorsurprisingfindingsabout"FloresHuman^^

答案:D

解析:主旨大意题。本文主要论述了关于“FloresHuman”的主要发现。A、B、C项均为D项的一个

方面。

5.Accordingtothepassage,itisbelievedthat"FloresHuman^^.

A.wasdwarfedbyitsenemies

B.coulduselanguage

C.leftalotoffossilsinhotandwetenvironment

D.reachedFlores40,000yearsago

答案:B

解析:推理判断题。由文章最后一段"Ifinditdifficulttoimaginethatpeoplecouldmaketools,use

fire,andkilllargeanimalswithoutfairlyadvancedcommunication.“看出，没有高级交流很难做到上述行

为，说明"FloresHuman''能够使用语言。

B

（2016•江苏高考）

Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheir

territory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本育g）tohelpone

another.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefood

withtheirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecan

pullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbor

inthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimps

aretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelp

others,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichael

Tomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefinds

thatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwill

immediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,but

naturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemost

parentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenot

improvedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbefore

theirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.Intestsconductedby

Tomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwere

considerablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.

Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallsshared

intentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyond

that,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we”,a

groupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.

6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?

A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests.

B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.

C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors,food.

D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.

答案:A

角翠析:细节理解题o根据第二段的"Chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither”以及"hejustdoesn'tcare

whetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.”可知，黑猩猩天生不会共享食物，它从不关心邻居同伴的饥饱和利

益。故选A项。

7.MichaelTomasello?stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey.

A.havetheinstincttohelpothers

B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults

C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps

D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull

答案:A

解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的“Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwith

hands...trytohelp”可知,Michael发现,18个月大的婴儿看见一个和自己毫不相干的人双手拿着东西去

开门时，他们会马上去帮忙。这个实验表明，小孩子有帮助他人的本能。故选A项。

8.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B.waystotrainchildren?ssharedintentionality

C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

答案:C

解析:主旨大意题。文章通过实验表明，帮助他人和相互合作是人的本性，而非后天习得的。选项A:

小孩子的助人为乐行为只是Michael实验的一部分，以此来得出结论;选项B“培养孩子的分享意识的

方法”和选项D“孩子的智力发展”在文中都没有提及。故选C项。

★六、七选五阅读理解

Everystudenthastestswhentheyareatschool.Buthaveyoueverbeensoworriedabouttheteststhat

youcan'tfallasleepatnight?Haveyoueverfeltsickorhadaheadacheduringatest?

Ifso,youknowwhatstressis.1Thisworryinyourmindcanmakeyourbodyfeelbad.Youmay

feelangry,frustrated,scaredorafraid,whichcangiveyouastomachacheoraheadache.

2Goodornormalstressmighthappenwhenyouarecalledtoansweraquestioninclassorwhen

youhavetogiveaspeech.Thiskindofstresscanhelpyoutoget