新小学四年级英语暑期衔接课程 第一讲 be动词和冠词的用法学生版

第一讲：be动词和冠词的用法【考点解读】课题冠词及be动词教学目标掌握冠词跟be动词的用法重点、难点区分a/an的用法以及定冠词用法考点及考试要求常以选择题的形式出现【知识讲解】知识点1——be动词（verbtobe）肯定形式否定形式Iam...Iamnot...Youare...Youarenot...He/she/itis...He/She/Itisnot...We/you/theyare...We/you/theyarenot...疑问式简略答语AmI...?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.Areyou...?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.Ishe/she/it...?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/sheitisn’t.Arewe/you/they...？Yes,we/you/theyare.No,we/you/theyaren’t.规律：is/was跟着she(她)he(他)it(它);am跟着I;are/were跟着they三、【典例探究】【例题1】：英语语法冠词专项练习

一.概念

冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.相关知识点精讲不定冠词：1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如：abook;an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anapple,anhour.请区别：ausefulmachine,anumbrella,a“u”,an“h”。

1.a/an用于单数可数名词前。

abookaboyamanabirdadoganhour.

aninterestingbookabigdogadangerousanimal.【练习】判断正误：astory(

)abread(

)apaper(

)abag(

)

aprettywoman(

)aschool(

)ausefulbook(

)2.表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：

Thatisapen,notapencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)

Givehimapear,please!请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)

Listen!Aboyissingingintheclassroom.

3.和one的区别：a/an表示类别种类One强调数量

abus(表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)

onebus(强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)

Thereisacatunderthechair.椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)

Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)

4.表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：threetimesaday,10yuanakilo

sixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。定冠词：

一：the表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。

thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetree

theapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome二：可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。

thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootball

theoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen三：用法：

1).定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。

2).再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：

Tomhasanapple,theappleisbigandred.

Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.

3).指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：

Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。

Openthedoor，please!请打开门。

4).用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。

5).用在形容词前表示一类人。

theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富裕的人

thepoor_________theblind____________穷人盲人

6).用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：

TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland.

TheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.

7).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)

theglobe太阳系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大气层Thesunrisesintheeast.

Theearthgoesroundthesun.零冠词精讲1.专有名词前一般不加冠词China中国Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚2.月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节比较：...onaSundaymorning.在一个星期天的早晨...（表示某一个。）3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词Ihavelunchatschool.我在学校吃午餐。Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。比较：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）ThedinnergivenbyMrSmithwasverynice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比较：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指）4.进行球类运动playbasketball打篮球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.没有特指的物质名词Thiscartismadeofwood.这辆手推车是用木头作的。比较：Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）6.没有特指的不可数抽象名词Timeisprecious.时间是宝贵的。比较：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）7.没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。8.山峰MountQomolangma珠穆朗玛峰9.固定词组gotoschool去上学gotobed上床睡觉gobytrain乘火车去gobyboat乘船去attable在用餐inhospital住院atschool求学inschool求学atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在半夜intown在城里10.独立结构中的名词不加冠词Aboycamein,bookinhand.一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。11.泛指人类Manismortal.人必有一死。12.在"kindof＋名词sortof＋名词"句式中Whatkindofflowerisit?这是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我喜欢这种书。13.指职位、头衔的词，如king，monitor，captain，president，chairman等。Heis(the)captainoftheteam.他是球队的队长。As(the)chairmanofthecommittee,Ideclarethemeetingopen.作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。不用冠词的情况（1）名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.（2）名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。eg.Lucyishersister.（3）名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。eg.WhichmanisMrGreen？Eachstudenthasabeautifulpicture.（4）复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.（5）物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snowiswhite.（6）抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Doesshelikemusic？（7）在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.playbasketball／soccer／chess（8）在三餐前不用冠词。eg.havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner（9）在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,Beijing,University,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,January（10）在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。eg.MyfavoriteisEnglish.四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】()IWecansee___sunand___moonin___picture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the()2____moonmovesaround____earth,andtheybotharesmallerthansun.A.The;an;aB.A;the;theC./;/;/D.The;the;the()3Parisis___capitalofFrance.aB./C.oneD.the()1____Brownsarrivedthereyesterdayevening.A./B.AC.TheD.An()2Whynotaskyourfathertodraw____mapforyouifyouwanttogetto___Alice'shouseeasily?A.a;anB./;anC.the;aD.a;/()3____Brownsaresittingat____breakfasttable./;aB.The;/C.The;theD./;the【练习2】1.I____astudent.2.He____astudenttoo.3.You____mygoodfriend.4.We____inthesameclass.5.LileiandKangkang_____deskmates.6.It____acat.7.She____abeautifulgirl.8.They_____Chinese.9.This_____Helen.10.He____fromChina.【巩固】【练习1】()1HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2Alittleboywrote____"U"and___"n"onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a()6.Whichbigger,___elephantor___horse?A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the()7.____monkeycanclimb____trees.A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/()8.____rainsarefasterthan____buses./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a【练习2】一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2>These_______(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10>Peterhaseight_____(foot).答案：chairstomatoesbabiesphotoespeopletoysdishespencils-boxesbusesfeet二、选择填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig()5.The_____hasthree__.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.breadsC.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes【拔高】【练习1】()1Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha()2MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()3Heis___boy.A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older()4Isaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.A.theB.aC.anD./(