职称英语理工类b级模拟39

职称英语理工类B级模拟39

第1部分：词汇选项

1、Manyvisitorsfindthetempooflifehereverydifficult.

A.kindB.growth

C.speedD.spectacle

2、Argumentamongthespeakersattheconferenceisborderingonviolence.

A.isclosetoB.isbeside

C.isnexttoD.isalongside

3、Shecouldnotanswer,itwasanimmenseloadoffherheart.

A.naturalB.fatalC.

tinyD.enormous

4、Fondindustryreliesmainlyonagricultureforrawmaterial.

A.dependsonB.dependentonC.derivesfromD.derivedfrom

5、Jeanhasmadeuphermindnottogotothemeeting.

A.triedB.promisedC.decidedD.attempted

6、Hehasestablishedhimselftobeacompetentmanagerbyhissuccessfully

handlingseveraldifficulttasks.

A.definiteB.effectiveC.qualifiedD.deficient

7>Continuousshortbuzzesonthetelephoneindicatethatthelineisbusy

afteryoudialthetelephonenumber.

A.openB.outoforderC.disengagedD.inuse

8、Theyalwaysmockmebecause工amugly.

A.smileatB.lookdownonC.belittleD.laughat

9、Thebooktooktenyearsofthoroughresearch.

A.basicB.socialC.majorD.

careful

10>14Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed,

A.resultB.judgment

C.decisionD.event

11、Ashehadalreadybeenaccustomedtolivinginthecountryside,Jacksonrefused

tomovetothecity.

A.usedtoB.gotusedto

C.beenfondtoD.preferred

12>Instatistics,themathematicalmeanisobtainedbydividingthesumof

agroupofscoresbythenumberofscores.

A.totalB.squareC.numeratorD.list

13、Myrelationship.withtheactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.

A.impressiveB.publicC.essentialD.slight

14>Aresearchcenterhasbeensetupinthiscountry.

A.praisedB.established

C.reformedD.criticized

15>FrancehaskeptintimatelinkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.

A.friendlyB.private

C.strongD.secret

第2部分：阅读判断

TheNeedtoRemember

Somepeoplesaytheyhavenomemoryatall：111justcan11rememberathing!H

Butofcourseweallhaveamemory.Ourmemorytellsuswhoweare.Ourmemory-

helpsustomakeuseinthepresentofwhatwehavelearntinthepast.

Infactwehavedifferenttypesofmemory,Forexample,ourvisualmemory

helpsusrecallfactsandplaces.Somepeoplehavesuchastrongvisualmemory,

theycanrememberexactlywhattheyhaveseen,forexample,pagesofabook,

asacompletepicture.

Ourverbal（言语的）memoryhelpsusrememberwordsandfigureswemayhave

heardbutnotseenorwritten：itemsofashoppinglist,achemicalformula,

dates,orarecipe.

Withouremotional（情感的）memory,werecallsituationsorplaceswhere

wehadstrongfeelingszperhapsofhappinessorunhappiness.Wealsohave

specialmemoriesforsmell,tasteztouchandsound,andforperformingphysical

movements.

Wehavetwowaysofstoringanyofthesememories.Ourshort-termmemory

storesitemsforuptothirtyseconds-enoughtorememberatelephonenumber

whilewedial.Ourlong-termmemory,ontheotherhand,maystoreitemsfor

alifetime.Olderpeopleinfacthaveamuchbetterlong-termmemorythan

short-term.Theymayforgetwhattheyhavedoneonlyafewhoursago,but

havetheclearestremembrance（记忆）ofwhentheywereveryyoung.

Psychologiststellusthatweonlyrememberafewfactsaboutourpast,

andthatweinventtherest.Itisasthoughwerememberonlytheoutline

ofastory.Wethenmakeupthedetails.Weoftendothisinthewaywewant

torememberthem,usuallysothatweappearastheheroesofourownpast

-ormaybevictimsneedingsympathy（同情）.

16>Visualmemoryhelpsusrecallaplacewehavebeento.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Visualmemorymaybeusedwhenwereadastory.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Verbalmemoryhelpsusroadwordswehaveneverheard.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Emotionalmemoryisusedwhenweperformphysicalmovements

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>Animalsdonothavealong-termmemory.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Long-termmemoryismoreimportantthanshort-termmemory.

A.RightB•WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Generallywerememberonlyafewfactsaboutthepast.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

A.toomuchenergy

B.basedonAmericandesigns

C.theyaretoocostly

D.theyarenotreliable

E.qualitycontrol

F.freeofcharge

23>EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare.

24、RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause

25>Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume.

26、Theuseofrobotsincreases.

A.borntobemoreintelligentorlessintelligent

B.haveabetterchancetodevelophisintelligence

C.taughttobemoreintelligent

D.thatintelligencewassomethingababywasbornwith

E.andbecauseofthelackofcommunicationwithhisclassmates

F.andpartlystimulated

27、Itwasoncebelieved,andthuswecantellhowsuccessfulshe/he

willbeinthefutureaccordingtohis/herintelligence.

28、Morerecentresearcheshasshownthatintelligenceisonlypartly

inherited.

29、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatachildwillifhehas

moreopportunitiestocommunicatewithothersbymeansoflanguage.

30、Childrenwerenotjust,buttheycanbetaughttobemoreintelligent

atschool.

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople—nottheirclothes,ideas,

orlanguages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolate

drinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree（可可树）bySouthAmerican

Indians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe15001s.

Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,

shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.

Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbrought

itfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Irelandbecameso

dependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailed

duringthe"PotatoFamine（饥荒）”of1845—1846,andthousandsmorewereforced

toleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatothe

OldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowthe

world*slargestgrowerofcoffeezandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombia

andotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountry-

inAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe14001s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamed

Kaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffee

bush.HetriedoneandexperiencedtheHwide-awake"feelingthatone-third

oftheworld1spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.

31>Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemost

inthelast500years?

A.FoodB.ClothingC.IdeologyD.Language

32、"Some"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto.

A.somecocoatreesB.somechocolatedrinks

C.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndians

33、ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthenPotatoFamine"because.

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanything

else

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica

C.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad

34、Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?

A.BrazilB.ColombiaC.EthiopiaD.Egypt

35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld'spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

卯一

WillQualityEatuptheUSLeadinSoftware?

IfUSsoftwarecompaniesdon11paymoreattentiontoquality,theycould

kisstheirbusinessgood-bye.BothIndiaandBrazilaredevelopingaworld-class

softwareindustry.Theirweaponisqualityandoneoftheirjobsistoattract

thetopUSqualityspecialistswhosevoicesarenotlistenedtointheircountry.

Already,oftheworld1s12softwarehousesthathaveearnedthehighest

ratingintheworld,sevenareinIndia.That1slargelybecausetheyhave

usednewmethodologiesrejectedbyAmericansoftwarespecialists.Forexample,

fordecades,qualityspecialists,W.EdwardsDemingandJ.M.

JuranhadurgedUSsoftwarecompaniestochangetheirattitudestoquality.

ButtheirqualitycallmainlyfellondeafearsintheUS—butnotinJapan.

Bythe1970sand1980s,Japanwasgrabbingmarketsharewithbetter,cheaper

products.TheyusedDeming1sandJuran*sideastobringdownthecostofgood

qualitytoaslittleas5%oftotalproductioncosts.InUSfactories,the

costofqualitythenwas10timesashigh：50%.Insoftware,itstillis.

WattsS.Humphreyspent27yearsatIBMheadingupsoftwareproduction

andthenqualityassurance.Buthisadvicewasseldompaidattentionto.He

retiredfromIBMin1986.In1987,heworkedoutasystemforassessingand

improvingsoftwarequality.Ithasproveditsvaluetimeandagain.Forexample,

in1990thecostofqualityatRaytheonElectronicsSystemswasalmost60%

oftotalsoftwareproductioncosts.Ittellto15%in1996andhassincefurther

droppedtobelow10%.

LikeDemingandJuran,Humphreyseemstobewinningmorepraisesoverseas

thanathome.TheIndiangovernmentandseveralcompanieshavejustfounded

theWattsHumphreySoftwareQualityInstituteattheSoftwareTechnologyPark

1

inChennaizIndia.LetshopethatUSleadinsoftwarewillnotbeeatenup

byitsqualityproblems.

36、Whatcountryhasmorehighest-ratingcompaniesintheworldthananyother

countryhas?

A.India.B.TheUS.C.Brazil.D.Germany.

37、WhichofthefollowingstatefnentsaboutHumphreyistrue?

A.HeisnowstillanIBMemployer.

B.HehasworkedforIBMfor37years.

C.Indiahonorshimhighly.

D.TheUSpaysmuchattentiontohisqualityadvice.

38、BywhatmeansdidJapangrabitslargemarketsharebythe1970sandthe

1980s?

A.Itsadvertisingwasmostsuccessful.

B.Itsproductswerecheaperinpriceandbetterinquality.

C.TheUShardwareindustrywaslaggingbehind.

D.JapanhiredalotofIndiansoftwarespecialists.

39、WhatdoesthefoundingoftheWattsHumphreySoftwareQualityInstitute

symbolize?

A.ItsymbolizestheUSdeterminationtomoveaheadwithitssoftware.

B.ItsymbolizestheJapaneseeffortstosolvethe1softwarequalityproblem.

C.ItsymbolizestheIndianambitiontotaketheleadinsoftware.

D.ItsymbolizestheChinesepolicyonimportingsoftware.

40、Whatisthewriterworryingabout?

A.ManyUSsoftwarespecialistsareworkingforJapan.

B.Thequalityproblemhasbecomeaworldwideproblem.

C.IndiaandJapanarejoininghandstocompetewiththeUS.

D.TheUSwillnolongerbethefirstsoftwareplayerintheworld.

BlackHoles

Whatisablackhole?Wellzit*sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,since

thetermswenormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequate

here,Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace

（notathing）intowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape—not

evenlight.Sowecan11seeablackhole.Ablackholeexerts（施力口）astrong

gravitational（重力的）pullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonlyspace-orso

wethink.Howcanthishappen?

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoa

particularpoint；they"collapse11andsometimesasupernova（超新星）occurs.

Thecollapseofastarmayproducea"WhiteDwarf（白矮星）"ora"neutronstarn—a

starwhosematterissodensethatitcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof

itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylargethisprocessofshrinkingmay

besointensethatablackholeresults.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe

sizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitational

pull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.Anymatternear

theblackholeIssuckedin.ItisimpossibletosaywhathappensInsidea

blackhole.

Ourspaceandtimelawsdon*tseemtoapplytoobjectsintheareaofa

blackhole.Einstein*srelativitytheoryistheonlyonethatcanexplain

suchphenomena.Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeablez

u

sothatthereisnoabsolute"timeandspacezTherearenoconstantsatallz

andmeasurementsoftimeandspacedependonthepositionoftheobserver—

theyarerelative.Einstein*stheoryprovidedabasisfortheideaofblack

holesbeforeastronomersstartedtofindsomeevidencefortheirexistence.

Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblack

holes.

Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinary

（由两部分组成的）starsystems.Insomebinarystarsystemszastronomershave

shownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a"partner"totheonewhich

wecanseeinthesky.Thereisonestar,calledbyitscataloguenumberHDE

226868,whichmusthaveaPartner.Thispartnerstar,itseems,hasamass

tenortwentytimesgreaterthanthesun—yetwecan*tseeit.Matterfrom

HDE226868isbeingdraggedtowardsthiscompanionstar.Couldthisinvisible

star,whichexertssuchagreatforce,beablackhole?Astronomershaveevidence

ofafewotherstarstoo,whichmighthaveblackholesascompanions.

41、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTfitthedefinitionoftheblackhole?

A.Theblackholeisaregionofspace.

B.Theblackholesucksinanyobjectthatpassesbyit.

C.Theblackholeisvisiblethroughaninfraredtelescope.

D.Theblackholehasnomatter.

42、Whydoestheauthorput"neutronstar"inquotationmarks?

A.Itisaspecialtermofastronomy.

B.Itisaninventedterm.

C.Heisquotinganauthority.

D.Heisusingthetermironically.

43、Whatleadstotheformationofablackhole?

A.Thestructureofastar.

B.Acollisionbetweentwostars.

C.Theattractionoftwolargestars.

D.Theshrinkingofalargestarbyitsowngravitationalforce.

44、AccordingtoEinstein*stheory,objectsintheareaofablackhole

A.aregatheredinitscenter.

B.strikeagainstoneanotherfrequently.

C.donothaveabsolutespace.

D.arerelativelybrighter.

45、Welearnfromthispassagethat

A.thesunistheheavieststarintheuniverse.

B.astarintheskymighthaveaninvisiblepartner.

C.twoblackholesaredraggedtowardseachother.

D.themassofastarisequaltothatofitscompanion.

第5部分：补全短文

RuiningtheRuins

Acidrain（酸雨）isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountries

inEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolve

inrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestreeszriversandstreams.

Acidrainisalsocapableofdissolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmade

ofsoftrock,suchaslimestone（石灰石），areparticularlybadlyaffected.

Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded（受

腐蚀）morequickly.

46AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamed

fortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.Theoldlimestonebuildings

inplaceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquickly

indeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween

250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisited

bythousandsoftouristseveryyear.

Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.

Atmanysitesthestonehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance.47.

Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayevery

twelveyears.48Theacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoil

wellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcanic

eruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Neverthelesszwithenoughmoneyand

effort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandthe

rateoferosionreduced.49.

Mexico1scurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhas

richoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,Mexicowasselling

largequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney.50However,

thepriceofoilthendropped,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussums

ofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.

SounlessthepriceofoilriseszitisunlikelythatMexicowillbeable

toaffordtocleanupthepollutionandsaveitsMayanruinsfromdestruction.

A.Atothersthepaintedsurfacesinsidetemplesareliftingandflaking

off51andthestoneisbeingeatenaway.

B.Thatisenoughtohavecausedsomeoftheancientcarvingstobecome

seriouslydamagedalready.

C.Thesemeasureswouldreducethepollution,butwouldnotstopit

completely.

D.Thegovernmentwasthereforeabletoborrowhugesumsofmoneyfrom

banksaroundtheworld,thinkingtheywouldhavenoproblemrepayingtheir

debts.

E.Theproblem,however,isnotjustaEuropeanone.

F.However,theMexicangovernmentdoesnothaveenoughmoneytodothe

work,andneedstospendwhatmoneyithasontheMexicanpeople.

第6部分：完形填空

NoJetlag（时差反应）Anymore

Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag（时差反应）.Jetlag

makesbusinesstravelerslessproductive（对产的，有成效的）andmore

prone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"body

clock11-asmallcluster（串、组、群）ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingof

biological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm（节奏）of

daylightanddarknesszsothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiences

daylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54of

jetlagoftenpersist（持续）fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjusts

tothenewtimezone.

Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven,56and

pioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapractical

strategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtime

zone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift（转换）is

easytoaccomplishandelim