考研英语阅读unit-4

Unit4

Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools.

愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。

学习内容题材词数建议时间得分统计做题备忘

PartAText1社会生活473/10

Text2科普知识416/10

Text3商业经济480/10

Text4社会生活424/10

PartB文化教育710/10

PartC商业经济364/10

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B]f[C]

or[D].

Text1

Graduatinghighschoolseniorslookingtoentertheworkforceandotherhighschoolstudents

searchingforsummerjobsarefacingatighterjobmarketthisyearastheoncered-hotU.S.

economycontinuestocookNationally,thejoblessratefor16-to-19-year-oldscontinuestorise.

Theunemploymentrateforteenagershit14.2percentinApril,comparedwith12.8percentlast

year,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor.

“It'sveryobviousthatit'sgoingtobealittleharderthissummer,becausebusinessesare

muchmorereservedandcautious,"saidMarkJ.Gambill,thevicepresidentofmarketingat

ManpowerInc.,thenation'slargesttemporary-employmentagency.TheNewYorkCity-based

companyrecentlysurveyed16,000publicandprivateemployers.Itfoundmanufacturing,light

industry,andhigh-techfirmswereleastlikelytobeseekingemployees.

Temporaryjobstypicallyarethefirsttosufferinaslowingeconomy,butothersectorsthat

employteenagersheavilyhavefallenonleanertimesaswell.Forinstance,theamusement,

recreation,andhotelindustriesshedacombined43,000jobsinMarchandApril,saidJohnF.

StinsonJr.,aneconomistattheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics.Ironically,thepinchcomesasthe

nation'soveralljoblessrateremainslow.Statisticsshowthatfewerteenagershavebeenjobless

overthepastfewsummersthanatanytimeduringthepreviousdecade.<4Thejoblessratesarestill

lowbyhistoricalstandards,Mr.Stinsonsaid.Tenyearsago,forexample,theunemploymentrate

for16-to-19-year-oldworkerswas21.1percentinJuneand15.7percentinJuly.Lastyear,therate

was14.4percentand12.4percent,respectively,federalfiguresshow.

Expertssayteenagerslookingforsummerworkstillcanfindjobsbutnotlotsofpay.The

continuingslumpinthenation?shigh-techsectorandlingeringuncertaintyoverthegeneralhealth

oftheeconomyhavecombinedtolimitteenagers,joboptionstothetypeofworkthatAmerican

youthstypicallyhavethrivedon-theretailandfast-foodindustries.

Forthepastseveralyears,expertssay,largenumbersofteenagersfoundworkwith

high-payingtechnologycompanies.Butthoseheadydaysof$50,000startingsalariesforthose

withcomputerskillsandonlyahighschooldiplomahaveended.

Nationally,some2.8millionstudentsareexpectedtograduatefrompublicandprivatehigh

schoolsthisyear,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofEducation.Lackingsomesortofpost

secondaryeducationortrainingvirtuallyensuresthosegraduateswillgamerlowwages.RonBird,

thechiefeconomistattheEmploymentPolicyFoundation,aWashington-basednonprofitthink

tank,saideconomicprojectionsshowthatwagegrowthforthosewithonlyahighschooldiploma

willbetheslowestamongallgroups.

“ThereisafundamentalshiftevidentintheU.S.economy,tiedprimarilytotechnology,that

willrewardmoreprofessional,management,andtechnical-typejobsasopposedtolineoperators,

hesaid.

1.Thecurrentunemploymentrateforteenagersis

[A]lowerthaneverbefore.[B]higherthaninthepreviousdecade.

[C]comparabletotheoverallunemployment.[D]higherthanitwaslastyear.

2.Currentjobprospectsforteenagersinthehigh-techindustryare

[A]highlyprofitable.[B]indecline.

[C]quitepromising.[D]non-existent.

3.Currently,mostjobsforhighschoolstudentsandgraduatesareavailablein

[A]thehigh-techsector.[B]temporaryemployment.

[C]retailstores.[D]amusementparks.

4.Whichofthefollowingindividualsisdirectlyquotedinthistext?

[A]Thevicepresident.[B]High-techindustryanalysts.

[CJAgovernmenteconomist.[D]AWashingtoneconomist.

5.Thistextismainlyabout

[A]thecoolingoftheU.S.economy.

|B]summerjobsprospectsforteenagers.

IC]jobcompetitionbetweenhighschoolstudentsandgraduates.

fD]employmentprospectsforhighschoolstudentsandgraduates.

Text2

Surgeonswillsoonbeabletoentertheeyetocarryoutoperations—atleastinavirtual

sense.Techniquesderivedfromvirtualreality-thecomputersystemthatimmersesoperationsin

anartificialcomputer-generatedworld—willallowsurgeonstofeelasifhecouldseetheinside

oftheeyeduringanoperation,creatingtheillusionthattheyareactuallythere.

ResearchersattheBioroboticsLaboratoryofMcGillUniversityinMontrealarebuildinga

robot,knownasMicroSurgeryRobot-1(MSR-1forshort),thatwillperformdelicateoperations

underthecontrolofahumansurgeon.Therobotisspecificallydesignedforperformingeye

surgerybutcouldhaveotherapplications,suchastheremovalofbraintumors.Thesystemcould

alsobeusedtoallowsurgeonsandtheirstudentstopractisesimulatedsurgerythatfeellikethe

realthing-withouttherealconsequencesforthepatients.

Duringtheoperations,thesurgeonmanipulatesasetofcontrolknownasthemaster.These

areconnectedthroughahigh-performancecomputertotherobot.Boththemasterandtherobot

havetwolimbs.Whenthesurgeonmovesthemaster'slimbs,therobot'slimbsmoveinexactly

thesameway,exceptthatthemovementscanbescaleddownasmuchasathousandtimes.This

willeliminatehandtremorandpooraccuracyandthusreducethedamagetotheeyethatcan

occurwithpresentmicrosurgerytechniques.Eachoftherobot'slimbshasaminimummovement

ofonemicrometer—morethanonehundredtimestheprecisionofthehumanhand.

Thecomputeralsocreatesathree-dimensionalrobot'seyeviewoftheinsideoftheeyethat

thesurgeoncanseebywearingavirtualrealityhelmetthathasasmalllensinfrontofeacheye.

Toprovidethesurgeonwithsucharealisticexperience,MSR-1mustbeabletomoverapidly,

butthisrequiresextremelyfastcomputing.Tohandlethecomputationaldemandsofinstant

interaction,theMcGillteamisconstructingitsownparallel-processingcomputer.Itisalso

studyingareassuchasmusclemechanism,artificialintelligenceandoptics,andhasalreadybuilt

anothermicrorobot,MR-I,capableofmanipulatingasinglelivingcell.

Althoughcommercialapplicationsofthenewsystemarenotexpectedforseveralyears,its

basicmechanicalcomponentswillbereadyfortestinginafewmonths."Thedaywhenmicro

robotswillbeabletoperformsurgerywithouthumaninterventionismanyyearsaway,“says

Hunter,<€inthemeantime,asystemsuchasMRS-1isanecessaryprecursor.”

6.^Virtualreality“isactuallyacomputersystem

|A]usedforoperationontheeyes.

|B|usedtoproducelife-likeillusions.

[C]usedinvirtualtechnology.

[D]usedfordifficultoperations.

7.WhatisMSR-1mainlydesignedfor?

IAJFormakinginside-eyeobservations.[B]Forcarryingoutoperationsonhumaneyes.

[C]Forcuttingoffbraintumors.[D]Forperformingdelicateoperations.

8.Thephrase“scaledown"(Line3,Para.3)probablymeansto

[A]reducetheproportionofthesizeproperly.[B]reduceaccordingtoafixedpattern.

[C]makeitdiminishwithoutlimitation.[D]cutbackonthetimeproperly.

9.Whatistheadvantageofthevirtualrealitytechniquesinmicrosurgery?

[A]Surgeonscandooperationswithoutconsideringtheconsequences.

[B]Itallowssurgeonsandtheirstudentstosettheirimaginationfree.

[C]Ithelpstodooperationsonhumanmoreaccuratelytoreducedamage.

[D]Itcreatesathree-dimensionalviewwhichcanbeseenbyarobot.

10.Itcanbereierredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]MSR-1maybebroughtintopracticalapplicationinafewyears.

[B]asanecessarypioneerinmedicalscience,MSR-1hasstillalongwaytogo.

[C]thebasicmechanicalcomponentsofMSR-1arebeingtestedfbrassemblage.

[D]thecommercialapplicationsofMSR-1willbeexpectedinafewyears.

Text3

Thereisnomarketwithoutincome,andtheyouthsegmentqualifiesonthisimportant

dimension.Theirspendingreachedabout$55billionin1988,withapproximately$11billionput

insavings.Becausemanyjobsareavailableinfast-foodrestaurantsandotherbusinessesthatneed

youngpeopleforlabor,over30percentofhighschoolseniorboysandnearly25percentofsenior

girlssaytheyaverageover20hoursofworkaweekduringtheschoolyear.

Theimportantfacetofteenincomesisthattheyarealmostentirelydiscretionary;thatis,

therearefew,ifany,fixedobligationssuchastaxes,rent,insurance,andutilitiesthattheseyouths

mustmeet.Anotableresultofincreasingyouthincomeistheincreasingtendencyofyouthstobuy

moredurableandhigh-pricedproducts,fromradiostodesignerjeans,cosmetics,andfootwear.

Accordingtothepresidentofayouthresearchcompany,“Productswhichwereconsidered

luxuriesafewyearsagoaredeemednecessitiesbyyouthsandparentsalike^.Thus,someyouths

areexperiencing“prematureaffluence^^一theyhavealotofspendingmoneybutwillnotbeableto

sustainthatlevelofdiscretionaryspendingoncetheyhavetakenontheburdensofpayingfortheir

ownnecessities.

Whydoyouthshavesuchastrongconsumptionorientation?Accordingtooneresearcher,

threesignificantforceshavemoldedtheirattitudesandconsumerbehavior.First,theexperienceof

growingupinaperiodofeconomicoptimism.Asecondfactorispermissivechildrearing,which

hasbeenlinkedbyresearcherstoareducedcapacityforinitiativeandindependence.Third,the

newgenerationhasahighereducationallevelandheavierexposuretothemassmedia.

Theseenvironmentalforceshavehadasignificantinfluenceontheirconsumer-behavior

orientations.Theresulthasbeenthatyouthstendtoberatheroptimisticabouttheirfuture

financialsituationsandlevelofliving.Forexample,almostallyoungpeoplelookforwardtowhat

hasbeenlabeledthe''standardpackage^^—thesetofdurablegoods,clothing,foodproducts,and

servicesenjoyedbythemajorityofAmericans.Althoughtheyusedtobetoldtosavetheirmoney,

youngpeopleinAmericatodayarebeingraisedtospend,accordingtoanauthoritywhoconducts

ayearlyyouthpoll.Itisalsoimportanttorecognizethattheteenmarketnotonlyspendsagreat

dealofmoneyonitsown,butalsoinfluencestheamountspentbyparents.Intotal,itrepresentsan

almost$250billionmarketindirectorindirectspending.Evenchildrenaged4to12directly

influence$132billionofhouseholdpurchases.Today'sparentsrecognizethattheirkidsarealot

moreinvolvedinmakingfamilydecisionsthantheywereaschildren,andmanyteensaredoing

thefamilyshopping.Corporationsarerecognizingthistrendandcapitalizingonthefactthat

childrencanbeverypersistentintheirsearchforaparticularitem.

11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[AlNoIncome,NoMarket.

(BjIncomeandSpendingoftheYouth.

[C]DirectandIndirectSpendingofChildren.

[D]PrematureAffluenceintheSociety.

12.Bysaying“Theimportantfacet...entirelydiscretionary^CLine1,Para.2),theauthormeans

that

[A]theyouthsdonotneedtogetparents'permissionbeforespendingtheirmoney.

[B]theyouthsdonothaveburdensofpayingfortheirownnecessities.

[C]theyouthstendtobuyluxuriesinsteadoflifenecessities.

[D]theyouthsarecarefulinspendingtheirmoney.

13.Theyouths,behaviorisstronglyconsumption-orientedpartlybecause

[A]theyareindependentandtaketheinitiativeineverything.

(B]theydon'treceivegoodeducation.

[CJtheyaregreatlyinfluencedbymassmedia.

[D]theyspendtheirchildhoodinhardtimes.

14.Theresultoftheinfluenceofenvironmentalforcesonyouthsisthat

[Altheytendtobeoptimisticabouttheirfuture.

(BjtheytendtobeselfishandaiTogant.

[C]theybecomemoreawareofenvironmentalproblems.

ID]theybecomemoreactiveinprotectingenvironment.

15.WhatcanweinferaboutmostAmericanyouthsfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Theyaremoreliabletosavethantospend.

fB]Theyareoptimisticaboutthenationaleconomy.

[C]Theyspendalotofmoneyonthe"standardpackage^^.

[DITheyhaverecognizedtheirinvolvementinhouseholdpurchases.

Text4

WomenlookingforloveontheNetthisValentine'sDaymaygetmorerosesiftheyflaunt

theirwealthratherthantheirgoodlooks,astudyofonlinepersonaladssuggests.

DonStrassberg,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity,sayshewas

intriguedwhenhediscoveredhowmanypeoplewereturningtotheInternettoseekapartnerin

life."Iwasinfatuatedwiththepossibilitiesofthemedium,“hesays."Youcanreachawide

varietyofpeoplecheaply.”

Strassbergwantedtounderstandthemotivationthatdrivesweirdlonelyhearts,asprevious

researchonpersonaladshasfocusedmostlyonthoseplacedinnewspapers.Thesestudies

concludedthatmentendtobeattractedbyawoman'sslimnessandbeauty,whilewomenliketheir

mentallandrich.

Theseareexactlythepreferencesthatevolutionarybiologistswouldpredict.Thetheorygoes

thatmenarelookingforawomaninprimereproductivecondition,whilewomentendtoseeka

manwiththeresourcestohelphercareforachild.

TodiscoverwhetherthesamerulesholdontheNet,StrassbergandhisstudentStephenHolty

craftedfictitiousadsandplacethemonthreepopularInternetdatingbulletinboards.Althoughthe

adsdescribedbothvirtualmenandwomen,onlythoseforthefemalecyberdatesattractedenough

responsestopermitanalysis.Eachadclaimedtobewrittenbyawomanbetween26and28years

oldwhowaseasy-goingandoptimistic,althoughallusedslightlydifferentlanguage.Acontrolad

gavenofurtherdetails.Theotherthreelabeledthewoman“veryattractive”,"passionateand

sensitive"or"financiallysuccessfulandambitious”.

Afteraweek,thesedescriptionsdrew507responses.Eachcybersuitorwassentapolite

replythankinghimforhisinterest,butexplainingthathiswould-becompanionhadreunitedwith

anoldbeau.

Thecontrolandpassionatepersonasfaredtheworst,with103and90repliesrespectively.

Theattractivepersonagarneredmore——129admirersinall.Butthewomanwithmoneycameout

topwith185replies.

“Thisisverystrange.ItgoesagainsteverythingFveheardbefore,sayspsychologistIrene

FriezeoftheUniversityofPittsburgh.'Tmcuriousabouttheusersofthesesites.”

SoaremenwholookforpartnersontheNetabunchofmoneygrabbing,passionlessmisfits?

Strassbergagreesthatthebulletinboardshestudiedmayattractanunusualclientele.Buthethinks

theexplanationmaybethatNetusersaremoreeducatedandaffluent,andaresimplylookingfor

someoneofasimilarbackground.

16.Strassberg'sstudywasdesignedtofindout

[A]whatisthemostpopularmediumtoplacepersonaladsin.

[B]preferencesofthosewhoplaceonlinepersonalads.

LCJeffectivenessofplacingpersonaladsontheInternet.

fD]people'sattitudetowardonlinepersonalads.

17.Itcanbeinferredthatevolutionarybiologistswouldthink

[A]aslim-bodiedwomanismorelikelytobereproductivelysuccessful.

[B]femalebeautycanbepassedalongtothenextgeneration.

[C]atallmanisnecessarilyarichman.

[D]menandwomenshouldhavesimilarpreferences.

18.Theword“virtual”(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablymeans

[A]actual[B]fundamental[C]imaginative[D]ordinary

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Cybersuitorsseemedtobemostimpressedbythebeautifulwoman.

fB]Mostcybersuitorspreferredtheeconomicallysuccessfulwoman.

[CJThewould-becompanionhadreunitedwithanoldlover.

fD]Somecybersuitorswererefusedbythetargetedwoman.

20.Inthelastparagraph,theauthor

[A]challengesatheorygivenbyevolutionarybiologists.

[BJexplainsaphenomenonthataffluentwomenarethemostpopular.

[C]strengthensanargumentthatmenaregreedyformoney

ID]providesevidencethatmenlikeslimnessandbeauty

PartB

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonHowtoAvoidtheCommonMistakesin

Interview,followedbyalistofexamplesorexplanations.Choosethebestitemfromthelist

[A]-[F]foreachnumberedsubheading(21-25).Thereisoneextraitemwhichyoudonotneedto

use.

We'veallheardstoriesofjobcandidateswholookedgreatonpaperbutwhowereabsolute

disastersinperson.Withfewerandfewerinterviewopportunitiesavailableinthiscompetitive

market,it'sessentialtomakethebestpossiblefirstimpression.Youcanteamfromthemistakes

ofothersandavoidthetop5worstinterviewblunders.

21.Inconsistency

Thepeoplewhowillbeinterviewingyouareusuallyoldandseasonedhandsatthejob.They

arequicktonoticeinconsistencies,hesitations,anduncertainties.Theymaychallengesomething

yousayjusttoseehowyourespond.Ifyoubackoff,change,justify,qualify,over-explain,or

retractwhatyousaidearlier,theymaysuspectthatyou'vebeenexaggeratingorlyingtothem,

andarelikelytoprobefurther.

22.Poorattitude

Youshouldgoforaninterviewwithenthusiasmandanopenmindwhilepresentingyourself

inanupbeatandprofessionalmanner.

23.Failuretomatchcommunicationstyles

It'salmostimpossibletomakeagoodfirstimpressionifyoucan,tcommunicate

effectivelywithaninterviewer.Butyoucaneasilychangethatsituationbyminoringthewaythe

interviewertreatsyou.Allowingtheinterviewertosetthetoneofconversationcanvastlyimprove

yourchancesofmakingafavorableimpression.Youcanputtheintervieweratease一andmake

yourselfseemmorelikehimorher-bymirroringhisorhercommunicationstyle.

24.Askingaboutbenefits,vacationtimeorsalary

Waituntilyou'vewontheemployeroverbeforebeginningthatdiscussion.Salaryandbenefits

aredefinitelywhatapplicantscareaboutmost.However,it'snotonlyrudebutalsoirrationalat

thefirstbeginningoftheinterviewtoasksuchthings.Whenajob-seekerasksaboutbenefitsor

otheremployeeperksduringthefirstinterview,abadsignalreflectingyourimagewillbe

deliveredtotheinterviewer.

25.Nottothepoint

Inconclusion,justasastrongresumewinsyouanopportunitytointerview,stronginterview

skillswillwinyouconsiderationforthejob.Youalreadyknowthatyouwon'tearnaninterview

unlessyourresumesetsyouapartasacandidateofchoice.Similarly,youshouldknowthat

polishingyourinterviewskillscanmeanthedifferencebetweengettingthejoboffer-and

beingarunner-up.

Startyourjobsearchwitharesumethatcreatesastellarfirstimpression,andthenbackthose

factsupwithyourextraordinaryinterviewskills.Youwillhavemadeyourselfabettercandidate

byavoidingthesefiveinterviewpitfalls.Andnoonewillhavetotalkaboutyouasthecandidate

who“almost”gotthejob.

[A]Wheninterviewersrespondtoyourstatementwithaskepticallook,apause,oracomment,

like“Really?”，you'vetokeepyoucool,justsmilepolitely,nod,andwaitforthemtocontinue.

Ifyoubecomeuncomfortable,youcanalwaysask,“HaveIansweredthequestiontoyour

satisfaction?^,or“Wasthereanythingelseyouwantedmetotalkabout?^^

[B]Manycandidatesmakethemistakeofansweringthequestionwithageneralstatement.But

interviewerswanttohearaboutaspecifictimewhenyouhadthisexperience.Thewaytoprepare

forthistypeofquestionistoidentifyandtailoryourstoriesbeforetheinterview.Thisquestion

offersanopportunitytoemphasizeawards,complimentsorbonusesreceivedforajobwelldone.

Astorycanrelateagreatmanyskills.Onereallygoodstoryisworth50generalanswers.

[C]Iftheyaregivingyouthecourtesyoftheirtimeandconsideration,theleastyoucandoisto

respondinkind.Ifyoudecideduringtheinterviewthatyoudon,twantthejob,orthatyoumay

notbesufficientlyexperiencedorqualifiedtoreceivetheoffer,don'tadoptnegative.Continue

tomanifestpositive.

[D]Forexample,iftheinterviewerseemsallbusiness,don,tattempttoloosenhim/herupwitha

jokeorstory.Besuccinctandbusinesslike.Iftheinterviewerispersonable,trydiscussinghis/her

interests.Oftentheitemsondisplayintheofficecanofferaclue.Ifaskedadirectquestion,

answerdirectly.Thenfollowupbyaskingifmoreinformationisneeded.

IEJYoucanimagine,whatifacarsalesmanaskedtoseeyourcreditreportbeforeallowingyouto

testdrivingthecars?

IF]EvenifyourlastbosswasAttilatheHun,never,neverstateyourillfeelingsabouthim/her.No

matterhowreasonableyourcomplaints,youwillcomeouttheloserifyoushowthatyou

disrespectyourbossbecausetheinterviewerwillassumethatyouwouldsimilarlytrashhimorher.

Whenfacedwiththechallengeoftalkingaboutformeremployers,makesureyouareprepared

withapositivespinonyourexperiences.

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.

Economicshasoftenbeencriticizedasascienceconcernedonlywiththeshort-term,tothe

exclusionofconsiderationofhowshort-termgoalsaffectlong-termconsequences.Whileitistrue

thateconomicsisgenerallyfocusedonachievingshort-termmaximizationofresources,itmustbe

keptinmindthatthelongtermisneverneglected.26)Oneofthemoslintrinsicconceptsinthe

fieldofeconomicsisgametheory,whichexamineshowthechoicesimmediatelyfacingan

individualwillaffecthissubsequenlbreadthofchoicesihalemergeafterward.

Forexample,considerthecaseofamanagerofabusinesswhomustdecidewhethertocreate

ashoddyproduct,awareofthefactthatignorantbuyerswillbuyanequalamountoftheitem

regardlessofitsquality,sincetheyknownothingaboutityet.27)Assumethatcreatingashoddy

produclislessexpensivethancreatingmerchandiseofhigherqualily,short-termeconomicswould

arguethatitisthebestcourseofactionforthemanagertocreatethelow-qualityitem,sincethe

samerewardwouldbeachievedforalowerprice.

Moreproperlyappliedeconomics,however,woulddemandfurtherconsideration,takinginto

accountthelong-term.28)Whilecreatingashoddyproductinthelongtermwouldbooitshort

termprofits,itwouldalsocausebuyersnottopurchasefromthemanager'scompanyinthefuture

resuminginasignificantlossinlong-termprofits.Consequently,theboostinshort-termprofit

wouldhavetobeweighedagainstthelossinlong-termprofits,providingamorerealisticand

applicableaspecttothedecisionmakingprocess.Whengametheorycomesintoplay,economics

becomesamoreusefultoolinreal-worldsituations.

29)Havingexaminedthewayinwhichgametheoryisapplied,itsnamenowmakessense

—gametheoryissimilartoachessgame,inwhichtheeffectsofone'schoicesontheother

playersin“thegame“mustbeconsideredpriortoaction.Inthatsense,theapplicationof

economicstopracticaldecision-makingbecomesatoncemorecomplicatedyetmoresensible.

30)Onemustalwaysbethinkingaheadandanticipatingfuturescenariosbasedoncurrent

situations,foralthougheconomicsisconcernedwithmaximization,maximizationisalong-teirn,

notashort-termgoal.

做题点拨与全文翻译

PartA

Text1

语境词汇

1.reserveda.有所保留的；预订的

2.cautiousa.小心的，谨慎的

3.leana.收益差的；瘦的vt.依赖

4shedvt.去掉;流出，流下n.棚，库

5.pinchn.困苦；捏，掐vi.捏，掐

6.respectivelyadv.各自地，分别地

7.slumpn.萧条期vi.暴跌；沉重或突然倒下

8.headya.令人陶醉的；易使人醉的

9.fundamentala.基本的,重要的,必要的

10.garnervt.收集并(通常)储存某物

难句突破

1.Graduatinghighschoolseniors(lookingtoentertheworkforce)andotherhighschool

students(searchingforsummerjobs)arefacingaJigbXTjQbLin啦匐thisyear］［astheonce

red-hotU.S.economycontinuoustocool.］

【分析】复合句。as引导时间状语从句；主句中的两个现在分词短语“睡知to…”和

"searchingfor..."分别作两个并列的主语的定语。

【翻译】想要找工作的应届中学毕业生和那些打算在暑假打零工的中学生今年面对的就业形

势比较紧张，这是因为一度红红火火的美国经济持续低迷。

2.Thecontinuingslump(inthenation'shigh-techsector)andlingeringuncertainty(overthe

generalhealthoftheeconomy)havecombinedtolimitteenagers'joboptionsto［he.typeofwork

(thatAmericanyouthsWDicallvhavethrivedon)—{theretailandfasEfoodJndustriesl.

【分析】复合句。本句的主语由两个名词短语组成，每个短语都分别由一个介词短语作为后

置定语修饰。在宾语的补语成分中，“that”引导的定语从旬修饰“work”，同时“theretail

andfast-foodindustries作"work"的同位语。

【翻译】全国高科技产业持续不景气，经济总体形势仍徘徊不定，二者综合起来限制了青少

年的择业方向，他们只能选择那种美国青年人通常有所作为的工作——零售业和快餐业。

本文属“观点论证型”分析说明文，主要通过一系列的例证以及数据分析说明美国当前

青少年的就业状况。第•、二段，提出青少年就业形势紧张，并分析了其原因：经济不景气，

企业需求相对较小，尤其在制造业、轻工业和高科技公司；第三、四段，主要说明了工作短

缺与美国全国总失业率低这•对矛盾的问题。第五、六、七段，通过专家和权威机构与过去

的情况相对比，对■未来的青少年的就业情形做出了预测。

答案解析全文翻译

1.【题眼】列举处设题想要找工作的应届中学毕业生和那些

【解析】选［D］。事实细节题。根据题干关键词打算在暑假打零工的中学生今年面对的就

**currentunemploymentrate,,定位于第一-段最'也形势比较紧张，这是因为一度红红火火的

后一句话，"Theunemploymentrate...14.2美国经济持续低迷oII［全国范围内16至19

percent,...12.8percentlastyear..."故选［D］；再岁青少年的失业率继续卜.升。美国劳工部数

根据第三段倒数一、二句提供的十年前的和去据显示，今年四月份青少年失业率为

年的六、七月份的数据判断［A］和［B］错误；第14.2%,而去年是12.8%。

三段第三句提到全国的总失业率时明确指出“很显然，今年夏天的就业会比较困

总失业率很低，故排除［C］。难，因为各