




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
初中语法经典讲解
1.宾语从句:1.主句若是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用适当时态。Hesays(that)hew川haveawalk
soon.
Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.
Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.
2.主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时。
HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.
ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.
3.无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时。
Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.
4宾语从句无论有何引导词,都要用陈述句语序。
CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?(不是willyou)
Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)
2.状语从句:1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,则if(如果),unless(除非),
when(当..的时候),assoonas(—..就…),before,after,until,till,as(当..的时候)所引导的状语从
句用一般现在时。
Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.
IwillcallyouupifIleaveforShanghainextweek.
Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.
2而主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时,如:
IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.
Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.
Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.
3.定语从句:关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词,
既指人,也可指物。关系词作生语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词
where指“在那里",when指“在那时”。
Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautiIandkind-hearted.
Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.
Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.(所属)
Thegirlwhoistallismysister./Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.
Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.(指物)
Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.
Ipreferaplacewherelcanliveaquietlife.(在这儿)
Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.
4.wish和hope:1wish可接todosth./sbtodosth./that从句.
IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.
IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.
Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.
2八(^3接10€10sth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.
Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.
Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell./Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.
5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.
(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢,后无补充的结果。)
Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn*tmakesuchmistakes.
(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果。)
6.感官动词用法之一:see,hear,listento,watch,notice,feel^ii|,后接宾语,再接动词原形/动词
ing,分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形。
IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(正进行)
Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程)
Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(频率词)
若以上词用于被动语态,后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式:
Wesawhimgointotherestaurantwithhiswife.一
Hewasseentogointotherestaurantwithhiswife.
7.感官动词用法之二:look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词,后接形容词。Helooks.Itsounds
good.TheflowerssmellbeautiI.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.
这些动词不用于被动语态。Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。
注意:如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词,而接名词或代词:
Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.
Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.
8.find和think部分用法:+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)
宾补有以卜,情况:1.名词短语,Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.
2.形容词短语,Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.
3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式,Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.
9.wouldlike/want/feellike:1wouldlike,和want类似:◊都可接名词短语:Iwouldlike/want
anotherthreedesks.◊都可接带to不定式:Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.◊都可接
sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.
2feellike:◊后也可接名词短语:Doyoufeellikesometea?
◊后若接动词,须用动词ing形式:Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon'tfeellikedrinkingtea.
【feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】
10.词序易错的短语:1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词,形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousin
thefridge?
Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.
Iwanttogosomewherewarm.
2else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,也放在后面。
Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?
Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?
3enough修饰形容词和副词,enough放在后面。
Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.
Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.
11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别:1Whatdoyouthinkof...?=
Howdoyoulike…?"你对..怎么看?"(How...?句中有like,是动词。)2What'stheweatherlike
in...?=Howistheweatherin..?'..的天气什么样?”(What...?句中有like,是介词“像)
12.take,cost,pay,spend区别:
1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.
Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.
2物+cost+sb+钱:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan,(cost,cost,cost)
若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是":Thebagcosts30Yuan.
3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.(pay,paid,paid).(pay
后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)
4人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.
Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.
Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.
spend有时可指“度过”:spendholiday/weekends/winter
13.双宾结构:pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/
ask/tell/build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb+sth.
其4」pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等可接sth+tosb.
buy,build等可接sth+forsb.
另外,若sth是代词时,不用双宾结构。Pleasepassittome.
14.部分词作连词与介词:(连词接句子,介词接名词或代词)
KeepcareIwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.(连词)
KeepcareIwhenlisteningtotheteacher.(介词)
类似的,while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。
如:I'llwaituntilIhearfromher.(连词)
I'llwaituntilnextFriday.(介词)
15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:1.动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语。Theboy
namedPeterismyfriend.
那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用,卜.同。
He'seatingfriedchicken.他在吃炸鸡。Thereisnotimeleft.
IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。
Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.
2.动词ing作形容词:表示正进行或功能,常作定语。
theingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboyinginthe
corner(正进行)
asittingroom,thesleepingcar,thebathingsuit(功能)
16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二:和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物。Ifeltsurprised
athiswords.
Howexcitingthefilmis!/Iwanttogotoaplacewhichisrelaxing.
17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语:
Tobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.
Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.
Toplanttreesmakesmehappy.(谓语用单数)
Readingbooksgivesyouknowledge.(谓语用单数)
Listeningandwritingarebothdifficult.(谓语用复数)
18.later/after/ago/before:1later"..时间后”结构:时间段+later
常用于一般过去时。TheywenttoBeijingfivedayslater.
(later单独在句尾,常用于将来时:「IIseeyoulater.)
2after"..时间后”结构:after+时间段,常用于一般过去时,和1相同°TheywenttoBeijingafterfive
days.
(after也可力口句子:「IIsendyouane-mailafterIgethome.He
foundouttheinformationafterhehadsearchedtheInternetforthirtyminutes.)
3ago”..时间前”结构:时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmovedtoShanghaifourweeks
ago.
(since+时间段+ago,主句用现在完成时)
4before单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时:“以前”
IhavebeentoLondonbefore.Hehasseenthefilmbefore.
(若是时间段+before,则常用过去完成时,译为时间前.”:
Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.Wehadfoundouttheanswertotheprobleman
hourbefore.)
19.四季:spring#;summerM;autumn秋;winter冬;season季
20.月:January,一月;February,二月;March,三月;April,四月;
May,五月;June,六月:July,七月;August,八月;September,九
月;October,十月;November,H^一月;December,十二月。
21.星期:Sunday,星期日;Monday,星期一:Tuesday,星期二;
Wednesday,星期三;Thursday,星期四;Friday,星期五;
Saturday,星期六。Sunday为第一天,Saturday为最后一天。
22.“也”:either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词,少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾,前常有
逗号。aswell,只用于句尾。
注意:后三个词都不用于否定句。
23.带t。不定式用法之一:带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时,to后动词用及物动词,不及物时需加介词。
Theapplesaretootallfortheboytoreach./Thezooisnotagoodplaceforanimalstolive
in.
24.(a)little/(a)few:1few,little“几乎没有;少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,little加不可数名
词。2afew“一些”肯定词,加可数名词复数;alittle"一些;一点”也是肯定词,加不可数名词。3另外,
在too,very,so等词后用few,little;在only,just,still等词后用afew,alittle.而quiteafew/a
little译为“很多”
25.及物动词+副词:puton/off/away/up/down/out;breakoff/down;
turnon/off/up/down;getback;useup;giveaway/out/up/back;try
out/on;ring/callup;letdown;cleanup/out;setup;thinkup;hand
in/out;fixup;workout;;dressup;pickup;helpout;
keepoff/out/downcutdown;writedown;wakeup(叫醒);
takeoff/away;sellout;lookup/over;eatup;throwaway/off
宾语是名词时,可放在中间或后边,是代词时只放在中间。
26.as...as用法:1和.・・一样...Hisroomisasbigasmine.
HerunsasfastasI/me.2as..aspossible/sbcan”尽可能...”
Wewentthereassoonaspossible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listentotheteacheras
carefullyyoucan.3有些短语有几个意思:assoonas和…一样快;一..就…;asmuchas
和…一样多:多达:aslongas和…一样长:长达:只要:aswellas和…一样好:和…一样:asfar
as远达;就..来说;
27.prefer用法:prefersth/doingsthtosth/doingsth比起…更喜欢…
prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿…也不愿…
prefertodosth/preferdoingsth更喜欢做某事
28.some-,any-,every■用法:1some,某〜,一些〜”,用于肯定的陈述句中。Ihavesomething
totellyou.Maybesomebodyhastakenit.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或
建议.Whynotasksomebodytohelpyou?Shallwegivehimsomethingtoeat?What
aboutsomemilk?Couldyoupleaselendmesomechairs?2any-,在疑问句中仍译为“某〜,
・些〜"Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Isanybodyinthehouse?在肯定句和否定句中译为“任
何〜“Youmayputtheboxanywhereintheroom.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinthe
class.Wedon*thaveanythingtoeatthismorning.3every-“每〜”,强调所有,既包括此也
包括彼。Iseverybodyhere?-No,TomandLucyhaveaskedforleave.Theglasswasbroken,
andthewaterwenteverywhere.
29.动词时态和形式:人个时杰一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are+v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shaH/be
goingto+动词原形)、•般过去时、过去进行时(was/were+v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has+v.过
去分词)、过去完成时(had+v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would+v.原形)六个形式:原形:过去
式;过去分词;第三人称单数(力口s/es);现在分词(v.ing);带t。不定式。
30.if/whether区别:if如果(引导条件状从)/是否(引导宾从)
whether无论(引导让步状从)/是否(引导宾从)
都译为“是否”时,whether可接ornot,也可接带to不定式。
if则不可。另外,if可接any•单词,常不接some-单词。
Ifyouhaveanywater,pleasegivemesome.
31.因为:because,常是对why的回答,语气最强。
since,位置:Since...,....Sinceifsalreadylate,Imustgonow.
for,位置:…,for.…语气最弱。Idrovecarefully,forit'ssnowing,
as有时也指“因为”,用法基本无限制。
32.表推测:must,may,might,can,could,can't
must“一定”,可能性最大,常用于肯定句。
Thereisthedoorbell,itmustbeTom.
may/might“也许”一般用于肯定句,may比might可能性大。
Sheiscomingtous.Shemightbeournewteacher.
can/could"可能"could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。
Youcouldberight,butIdon'tthinkyouare.
Thelightintheofficeisoff.Theteachercan'tbetherenow.
33.so与such区别:so是副词,后跟形容词/副词,sotall/slowly...
such是形容词,后跟名词短语。suchbadweather/goodnews...;
suchabeautifulgirl/animportantlesson/aheavystone...;
suchkindboys/newdesks/friendlypeople/amazingmovies...;
若名词前形容词是many,much,few,little时,不用such,而用so.
somanyflowers/muchrain/fewfriends/littlewater...
也常有“so/such..that...”句型,译为“如此…以致于…”。
34.S。的另两个用法:1so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语,“…也”
上下文所指不是同一个人或物。Thetwinsareworking,soamI.
Iwillstayuptonight,andsowillPeter.
以及对话形式:A:Iwokeuplatethismorning.B:SodidI.
2so+主语+be/情态动词/助动词,“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A:Wehavelunchat
school.B:Soyoudo.
又如:A:Brucecanworkouttheproblem.B:Sohecan.
35.neither7nor用法之一:neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语
“…也不”上文是否定句。Shedidn'tgetwell,nordidherbrother.
或对话形式:A:Jimhasn,thadbreakfast.B:NeitherhaveI.
36.keep,make,get,have用法:
1keep+sb/sthdoingsth"让...•直做..."I'msorryforkeepingyouwaitingsolong.keep+
doingsth“坚持做某事”
2make+sb/sthdosth让..做某事111trytomakeyouunderstandwhatImean.Ifeel
sorrythatIhavemadehimwaitforlong.
3get+sb/sthtodosth.让..做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.
4have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词
Havehimdoit,please.让他做它吧。Wehadthemachineworking.
我们让那台机器一直工作着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器(让那台机器
被修理了)。
5也都可接形容词:keepsafe/busy,keepthedoorclosed/open,
makeushappy,getthedoorclosed,haveeverythingready.
37.used短语:usedto+动原,“过去常常"Heusedtosmoke.
beusedto译为“被用来…”,后接动原。Itisusedtocutthings.
beusedto译为“习惯于…”,后接动词ing或名词/代词.
如:He'susedtoworkinglate./Weareallusedtofollowingothers.
beusedfor+Fl的(名词或动词ing)如:
Englishisusedforbusiness./Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
38.through/past/across:都可作介词,“穿过”前常有位移动词。
Hedimbedthroughthewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.
Hewentpastmewithoutsayinganywords.
Heswamacrosstheriver,【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面。]
位移动词+past相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.
39.thenumberof/anumberof:前者“…的数量”;后者“许多的”
都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语,谓语用单数:后者作主语,谓语用复数。Thenumberofthetreesis
twothousand.用单数is.
Anumberoftreeshavebeencutdown.用复数have.
40.延续性动词:Howlong,since,for,(以上见84)until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延
续性动词。
HowlongmayIkeepthisnovel?I'velivedheresince2002.
Lefswaituntilhecomesback..但否定句中可用短暂性动词:
Ihaven*tseenyouforalongtime.
41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:
1Allboys/AlloftheboysarefromChina.all接可数复数,谓语也用复数。Allofthewateris
polluted.若接不可数,谓语用单数。
2Eachboy/Eachoftheboyshasadifferentbag.each接名词单数或接of+限定词+复数,
后谓语都用单数。
3Bothofthetwinsareclever.后面谓语用复数。
4Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentherebefore.
none+of+限定词+复数,谓语用单、复数都可。另见88
5-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?
-EitherdayisOK./EitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数0
6-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?
-Sorry,Ihavetolookaftermymotherthesetwodays.Thatis,neithertimeisOK./
neitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。
all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/“每・个”/“没有一个"。both/either/neither两者中
“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个”
42.计量表达法:数量+单位+形容词。
Thebuildingistwentymeterstall./Thestreetisfortymeterswide.
Thefishisfivekilosheavy./Thisbabyisonlysixmonthsold.
若计量表达的后面跟有名词,则要用连字符,单位不用复数。
Theyduganeight-meter-deephole./.Iboughta10-kilo-heavyfish.
It'sapieceof2-meter-thickice./Theybuilta50-meter-widestreet.
Ifsatwo-monthholiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。)
43.MustI/MayI/NeedI...?用法:1MustI…?我必须..吗?
A:MustIfinishthework?B:Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.
2MayI…?我可以..吗?A:MayIgooutforawalknow?
B:Yes,youcan./No,youmustn't/can't.
3NeedI…?我有必要…吗?
A:NeedIcleanthehouse?B:Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.
44.hundred/thousand/million/billion:前有具体数字,不力口s及。f.否贝U力口s,力口of.如:
thousandsoftrees;manymillionsofpeople.
ninehundredpeople,tenthousandstudents等。但前若有several,后常不力口s和of:several
millionpounds
45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:1something,nothing,anything,everything作主语,QT主语用it.
Somethingiswrong,isn'tit?/Nothingisdifficult,isit?
2IthinkLucycandowellintheexam,can'tshe?
Idon'tthinkhewillcomehereontime,willhe?
QT要结合think后的从句而定。
3祈使句的QT一般用willyou?而Let's…用shallwe?
Getupnow,willyou?Don'tbenoisy,willyou?
Bequiet,willyou?Pleasedonsttalk,willyou?
Letusdoitnow,willyou?Let*sdoitnow,shallwe?
4Therebe句型,QT主语用there.
Thereisamanworkinginthefield,isn'tthere?
ThereusedtobeameetingonFriday,didn'tthere?
Therewon'tbeamovieinthetheatre,willthere?
46.puton,wear,dress,in:1puton,“穿上”后接物。表行为,是短暂动词。Youshouldputon
yourcoatwhenyouleave.
2wear,“穿,穿着”后接物,表状态,是延续性动词。Healwayswearstheyellowsweaterinwinter.
Zllikewearingbeautifulclothes.
3dress,"给...穿衣”后接人。Youcandressyourself,baby.
Lucyisdressingherlittlebrothernow.
bedressedin后常接具有某种特征的衣物。
Theladyisdressedinawhiteskirt/white.可直接加表颜色的词。
4in,“穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作谓语,可作状语°Thewomaninawhite
skirtismyteacher.
Doyouknowthegirlinaredcoat?I'veseentheboyinyellow.
47.虚拟语气部分用法:在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,即if从句中用一般过去时,而主句动词用
would/should+动词原形,表示与现在相反的主观设想,也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小
的情况。(注意:虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.)
Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.(与现在事实相反)
IfIgotrich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.(可能性很小)
48.other/others/theother/theothers/another:
1如果不特定指出哪•个,是泛指,“另•个”要用another,后加可数名词单数。Ifyouarestillthirsty,
youmayhaveanothercupoftea.(没特定指出哪一杯茶,是泛指。cup是单数。)
another也可+数字+可数复数:Themeetingwilllastanothertwohours./Weneedanother
sixdesks.
2如果只有两个或只有两部分,就给出了范围,其中另一个或另一部分是特指(other前有the.),有如卜.
用法:
第一种,所说内容只有两个:
Mrs.Greenhastwosons,oneisinterestedinmath,theother(one/son)isgoodat
science.【只有两个,用theother,不加s,后面名词可省略。】Xin:Thispairofshoesisstrange.
Oneisblue,yettheotherisgreen.这双鞋子很怪,一只蓝色,而另一只绿色。
第二种,只有两部分:此种情况卜theother后接可数名词复数,或不接名词而只在theother后加
s.Twofifthsofthestudentsinourclassareboys,theotherstudentsaregirls/the
othersaregirls.Twochildrenwent,buttheothersstayed.(其他孩子都留下了。)
3如果没有显示出只有两部分,未给出范围,则是泛指,不加the.
LeiFenglikedhelpingotherpeople/others.
Haveyouanyotherquestions?
Alicedidn'tlikethatdress,sosheaskedtoseesomeothers.
4other的另一用法:用比较级的形式,体现最高级的含义。
Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.(划线中boy用单数)=
Heistallerthanalltheotherboysinhisclass.(划线中boy用复数)
他比班里任何男孩都高(他是班里男孩中最高的)。
49.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:1howlong是对长度或时间段提问。Howlong
istheriver?-Ifs5,000kilometerslong.
Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?-Forfivemonths./Since2002.
2howoften是对频率提问,如:never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twice
aday,threetimesayear,everyday等。
HowoftendoyouwatchTV?-Everytwodays./Twiceaweek.
【若只有次数,则用howmanytimes提问:
HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVaweek?-Twice./onlyonce.]
3howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问:
HowsoonwillyoureturntoBeijing?-Inaweek./Intwodays.
4howfar是对时间段's+walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。
-Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?
-Fiveminutes'walk./Anhour'sride./Thirteenminutes*drive.
或者说:Ifsabout20kilometers(far)away.(问和回答不同°)
50.分数表达:二分之一:halfa/an或ahalf.如:
halfanhour=ahalfhour半小时It'shalfpastseven.(省略冠词)
以下情况中,分子(基数词)若超过一,分母(序数词)需加S:
三分之•:a/onethird三分之二:twothirds
四分之一:a/onefourtha/onequarter
四分之三:threefourthsScthreequarters.
五分之一:a/onefifth五分之二:twofifths其它类推。
若分数所在of短语作主语,谓语依of后的名词而定:
Twofifthsofthestudentsareontime.(指名词复数时,谓用复)Twofifthsofthelandis
polluted.(指不可数时,谓用单)
51.到达:1getto+地点gettoShanghai/London/China
接地点副词时,不带to.getthere/home/here.
2arrivein+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou),arriveat+小地点(school/hospital),arrive只作不及
物动词。所以也可单独用:Pleaseringmeupwhenyouarrive.
reach只作及物动词,后直接加地点:reachBeijing/England
但常不说reachhome/there/here.
52.感叹句:What+名词短语+主语+谓语!
Whatlazyboys(theyare)!Whathardwork!Whatgoodnews!
Whatagoodidea!Whatbadweather(itis)!Whatapity•
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
Howhardtheworkis!Howfastheruns!Howrudeyouare!
Howcarefullytheyarelistening!Howbadtheweatheris!
53.because/instead/out等与加of的区别:
1because后接句子,becauseof接名词或代词。
Hedidn'tcomebecausehewasill./becauseofhisillness.
2instead是副词,单独在句尾。insteadof还要接名词或代词。
Wedidn*thaverice,wehadnoodlesinstead./insteadofit.
3out副词,可单独用,但若接地点,先加of.(也可作介词,
“向…外”,可不加of.一般不要求掌握。)
Hewentoutearly.或Hewentoutofthehouseearly.
54.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:
muchtoo“过尸,加形容词或副词原级。muchtoobig/slowly等。
toomuch“太多的”,加不可数名词。toomuchwork/rain等。
toomany“太多的",加可数复数。toomanybooks/people等0
55.alone/lonely:lalone,“独自一人;单独”不含感情色彩。
可当形容词,但只在系动词后作表语:Jackisalone.杰克是单身。
Theoldwomanisaloneinthehouse.那位老妇一个人在屋里。
可当副词,修饰动词:Shelivesalone.她独居。
Canyoumovethestonealone?你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗?
Dickiswalkingonthebeachalone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。
(注意:不可说veryalone.但可说verymuchalone.是特例)
2lonely,“孤独的;寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。
可在系动词后作表语:Theoldmanislonely.这位老人是孤独的。
Hehasmanyrelatives,buthefeelslonely.他有很多亲戚,但感到孤独。(lonely和心理感受有
关,而alone和心理感受无关。)
也可在名词前作定语:alonelyperson一位孤独的人
alonelyvillage•个偏僻的村庄(alone不可作定语)
56.belongto与be:Thissuitbelongstome/Lucy/mybrother.(人)
Thissuitismine/Lucy's/mybrother's/hers.(某物是某人的)
57.by常见用法:1“通过"1studyEnglishbymemorizinggrammar.Youcanknowitby
lookingitupinadictionary.Hetravelsbybike.
2“截止到"Willyoufinishthetaskbytomorrow?
Thetrainhadleftbythetimehegotthere.
3“被"ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.
4“经过"Hepassedbymewithoutnoticingme.
5”在..…旁边”Sitbyme.Theyareplayingbytheriver.
58.部分用in的短语:inEnglish,inagoodway,inahurry,
inpen/ink(见105),intheday(见92),indifferentsizes,
indifferentshapes,inadifficultsituation,ingoodhealth,
inaredcoat/inred(见46),instyle,intheopenair(露天场所)
59.比较级与最高级部分要点:1不规则形式或易错形式:
much/many-*more-*mostbad/badly/ill-*worse-*worst
far^farther/further-*farthest/furthestlittle-*less^least
few—fewer—fewestold-*older/elder-oldest/eldest
以ly结尾的形容词常把・ly换成-lier/-liest.
2常见比较级/最高级句型:Herunsfasterthanme.(有than)
Hedidbetterthananyotherstudentintheschool.(参照48)
Tomisthecleverestboyinhisclass.(某个范围内)
Heisthetallerofthetwo(boys).(两者,此句型中加the)
Heisthetallestofthethree(boys).(三者)
Whichisbetter,teaormilk?(两者选择)
Whichisthebest,tea,milkorwater?(三者选择)
lt*sthesecondlongestriverinChina.(序数词后用最高级。)
3“越来越…”比较级+and+比较级
Hecriedharderandharder.Sheisgettingtallerandtaller.
类彳以:biggerandbigger/happierandhappier/fatterandfatter
/strongerandstronger/richerandricher/worseandworse...
另一种情况:moreandmorebeautiful/slowly/carefully/…
4"越…,越...”“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头,倒装。
ThemoredifficultEnglishis,theharderyoushouldstudy.
Theyoungerweare,themoreenergywehave.
Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillget.
5"越来越多的…"moreandmore+名词
Moreandmorepeoplearegettingricherandricher.
Weneedmoreandmoredesks/paper/trees/water...
6”...得多"much+形容词/副词比较级
Thisroomismuchbiggerthanthatone.
类彳以:muchtaller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better...
以及:muchmorecareful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious...
7"另外的…(个)...”结构:数量+more+名词
onemoretowel,threemoresuits,manymoretiles,
muchmoretruth,somemoremeat,alotmorewood,
alittlemoreexperience,oncemore=onemoretime=again.
这种结构有时也可用another+数字+名词替代:
fivemoretrees=anotherfivetrees(记住词的位置)
60.talk,tell,say,speak:1talk只作不及物动词。
Don*ttalkinclass.ShallwetalkaboutourEnglishstudy?
Heistalkingwithhisteacher.MayItalktoyou?
(talkwith/tosbtalkaboutsth)
2tell只作及物动词,“告诉:讲”。常接双宾结构。
Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory.Whotoldyouthenews?
3say必须接有内容。PleasesayitinEnglish.Hesaidnothing.
“Idisagreewithyou.MsaidTom.Whatwillyousay?
say若接sb,则需先加to:Imustsaysorrytoyou.
“Ioversleptthismorning.Mhesaidtome.
4speak“说话”不及物动词.Hespoketoofastformetofollow.
接人时先加介词to.MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?
可表说话的能力。Thebabycanspeaknow.
Thereissomethingwrongwithhisthroat,hecan'tspeak.
”演讲,发言"Whowillspeakinthemeeting?
“说”可作及物动词。
61osometimes/sometimes/sometime/sometime:
sometimes:“有时”=attimes.Heisimeslateforschool.
sometimes:“几次havebeentoNanjingsometimes.
sometime:“某一时刻boughtitsometimelastspring.
Wellmeetagainsometimenextweek.
sometime:“一段时间”Wehavetostayhereforsometime.
62.need的用法:1need可当情态动词(和can等用法类似,但need只用于疑问句或否定句中):
NeedIgonow?(need在一般疑问句的开头)Ineedn'ttellyoutheanswer.(否定句中直接在
need后加not)【当情态动词时,need无时态变化。】
2need可当行为动词(和want等用法类似):
Heneedsabike.(后可直接力口名词)
Ineedtogoovermylessons.(后接带to不定式)
Doyouneedtohavearest?(一般疑问句中do,does,did在句首)
Wedon'tneedtowaitforhercoming.(否定句中do,does,did提前)
【注:need后接表被动的内容时,可表达为:
TheTVneedstoberepaired.=TheTVneedsrepairing.]
63.dowith与dealwith:都译为“处理,对付,安排,应付”
Whathaveyoudonewiththemilk?用what提问。
Howshallwedealwiththisproblem?用how提问。
卜面两句由此而来:Couldyoutellmewhattodowiththemilk?
Couldyoutellmehowtodealwiththisproblem?
64.就近原则:常见的有:EitheryouorLucyiswrong.
Thereisadogandtwocatsintheyard.(therebe句型)
Notonlyyoubut(also)Iamstrictinthework.
NeitheryounorLucyhasseenthefilmbefore.
65.主谓一致:One/Neitherofyouisright.(单数谓语)
Tom,withhisfriends,hasgone.(主语是Tom,单数谓语)
Thispairofshoeslooksbeautiful.(主语是pair,单数谓语)
Theshoeslookbeautiful.(主语无pair,复数谓语)
Everyboyandeverygirlhasachancetodoit.(单数谓语)
Theoldneedtobelookedaftercarefully.Theyoungareenergetic.
(the加形容词表一类人,谓语用复数)
Mr.andMrsGreenarefromAmerica.指格林夫妇(复数谓语)
Theteacherandwriterisanableman.指教师兼作家,一个人,单数谓语。
BothyouandIareexcitedaboutthenews.(复数谓语)
thenumberof与anumberof参见39.(分数表达见50)
66.quite/such/really用法之一:如果出现不定冠词时,常放在后面。
Ifsquiteaneasyquestion.Heisquiteacleverboy.
Ifssuchanimportantlesson.(另见33)Lilyisreallyalazygirl.
67.部分用what提问的句型:
Whatsizedoyouwant?Whatwillyoudowiththeproblem?
Whafsthep
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 《世界著名音乐作品欣赏与解析教案》
- 教育资源投入与使用效果对比分析表
- 非谓语动词在各类时态中的用法解析:高一英语教学教案
- 个人健康管理大数据分析与服务平台建设方案
- 营销总监聘用协议
- 数字校园采购协议
- 化妆品行业品牌推广合作项目投资合同
- 员工激励计划实施合同
- 网络消费投诉统计表格化呈现(月度)
- 财务报销流程及审批说明
- 剑桥少儿英语第一册-Unit5-our-pets课件
- 《马克思主义政治经济学概论》课程教学大纲
- 仓库管理基础知识培训模板课件
- 孤独症康复教育人员上岗培训练习题库及答案
- 环境心理学课件
- 《质量保证体系》情况说明
- 亲人意外逝世的讣告微信群通知五篇-正式的去世讣告模板
- DB62∕T 4134-2020 高速公路服务区设计规范
- 中电朝阳250兆瓦智慧风储一体化风电项目环评报告书
- 做一个幸福教师
- 国家自然科学基金申请标书模板
评论
0/150
提交评论