北京专用2025届高三英语下学期5月全真模拟试卷4含解析

PAGEPAGE14（北京专用）2025届高三英语下学期5月全真模拟试卷4（含解析）（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分）第一部分：学问运用（共两节，30分）完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）Howcanyoustopsmoking?Itisnoteasytostopsmoking,butmillionsofpeoplehave__1__toquitandsocanyou.Hereareafewsuggestions.Prepareyourself.Decideonadaytoquit.Don'tchooseadaythatyouknowisgoingtobestressful,suchasthedayofanexam.Makealistofallthe__2__youwillgetfromstoppingsmoking.Then__3__yourlastpacketofcigarettes.Be__4__.Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,__5__yourselfthatyouareanon­smoker.Rereadthelistofbenefitsyouwroteearlier.Breakthehabit.Insteadofsmokingacigarette,dosomethingelse.Goforawalk,cleanyourteeth,drinksomewater,cleanthehouse;infact,doanythingtokeepyourmindand__6__yourhandsbusy.Relax.Ifyoustarttofeelnervousorstressed,donotreach__7__acigarette.Trysomedeepbreathinginstead.Dosomerelaxationexerciseeverytimeyoufeelstressed.Gethelpifyouneedit.Arrangetostopsmokingwithafriendsoyoucantalkaboutyourproblems,orjoinastop­smokinggroup.Ifyoufeel__8__，youmightliketotalktoadoctororchemistaboutsomethingtohelpyou,likenicotinechewinggum.Keeptrying.Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoustopsmoking.Ifyou__9__andhaveacigarette，donotfeelashamed.Justtryagain,andyouwillsucceed__10__．1．A.managed B．tried C．wanted D．expected2．A.values B．benefits C．results D．profits3．A.giveaway B．takeaway C．throwaway D．keepaway4．A.addicted B．accustomed C．determined D．depressed5．A.prepare B．inform C．threaten D．remind6．A.especially B．specially C．normally D．certainly7．A.out B．for C．at D．to8．A.desperate B．satisfied C．arbitrary D．conscious9．A.stick B．continue C．weaken D．insist10．A.eventually B．constantly C．occasionally D．normally【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍戒烟的几条建议。1．A依据句中的but可知尽管戒烟很难，但还是有成千上万的人戒掉了。managetodosth胜利做某事；trytodosth努力做某事；wanttodosth想做某事；expecttodosth期望做某事。2．B句意：列举你会从戒烟中得到的好处。依据第三段的“Rereadthelistofbenefitsyouwroteearlier.”可知答案。3．C句意：扔掉你兜里的最终一包烟。giveaway泄露，分发；takeaway拿走；throwaway扔掉；keepaway不接近。4．C依据下文的“Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette…yourselfthatyouareanon­smoker.”可知，你肯定要意志坚决。determined意为“坚决的”，符合语境。5．Dremind意为“提示”，符合语境。6．A依据本段的“Goforawalk,cleanyourteeth,drinksomewater,cleanthehouse;infact,doanythingtokeepyourmind…”可知，尤其是要让手忙起来。especially尤其是。7．Breachfor是固定搭配，意思是“伸手去拿”。8．Adesperate无望的；satisfied满足的；arbitrary随意的；conscious意识到的。依据语境可知是假如你感到无望。9．C从下文的“…andhaveacigarette…”可知，假如你没那么坚毅了。stick坚持；continue接着；weaken变弱；insist坚持。10．A再试一次，你终究会胜利的。eventually意为“最终”，符合语境；constantly不断地；occasionally偶然地；normally正常地。依据语境可知A项正确。其次节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）Sincethestartofreformandopening-up,Shenzhen11.(grow)fromasmallfishingvillagetoamodemcity,withitsGDP12.(increase)soaringfromlessthan200millionyuanin1980to2.4trillionyuanin2024.Withapopulationof12millionpeople,the13.(south)cityisknownforitsstronginnovationcapabilities.Itishome14.morethan14,000nationalhigh-techgiants,includingHua-WeiandTencent.WangXiaoguang,aprofessorofeconomicsattheNationalAcademyofGovernance,saidin15.articlepublishedonAug3intheOutlookWeekly,amagazine16.(attach)toXinhuaNewsAgency,thatmanygoodexamplesofChina'sreformandopening-uporiginatedinShenzhen.IthasaccumulatedvaluableexperienceforChina'sreformandopening-up17.modernconstruction,andhasmadesignificant18.(contribute)toexploringthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,Wangsaid.TheessentialfeatureofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsistheleadershipoftheParty,19.playsacentralroleinadjustingtheoverallsituation,hesaid,20.(refer)toShenzhenasagoodexampleofhandlingtherelationshipbetweenmarketandgovernmentsinceChina'sreformandopening-upbegan.【答案】11.hasgrown 12.increasingly 13.southern14.to15.an16.attached 17.and 18.contributions19.which20.referring【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城市，它为中国的改革开放和现代建设积累了珍贵阅历，为探究中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。11.考查时态。句意：改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城市。since引导的时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词常用现在完成时，Shenzhen是句子主语。故填hasgrown。12.考查副词。句意：深圳的GDP从1980年的不到2亿元人民币猛增到2024年的2.4万亿元人民币。修饰动词soar用副词，increase（增加）是动词，它的副词是increasingly（不断增加地）。故填increasingly。13.考查形容词。句意：深圳这个南方城市拥有1200万人口，以其强大的创新实力而著名。运用形容词修饰名词city作定语，south（南方）是名词，它的形容词是southern（南方的）。故填southern。14.考查固定搭配。句意：它是包括华为和腾讯在内的14,000多家国家高科技企业所在地。固定词组behometo的意思是“为……的所在地”。故填to。15.考查冠词。句意：王小光教授在一篇文章中说，中国改革开放的很多很好的例子起源于深圳。依据句意此处泛指“一篇文章”，所以运用不定冠词。article是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。16.考查非谓语动词。句意：《展望周刊》是新华社的一本杂志。beattachedto附属于。分析句子结构，谓语动词是said，attach是非谓语动词，因此运用attachedto短语作后置定语修饰magazine。故填attached。17.考查并列连词。句意：深圳为中国的改革开放和现代化建设积累了珍贵阅历。该空应填入并列连词连接China'sreformandopening-up和modernconstruction。故填and。18.考查名词。句意：深圳为探究中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。固定词组makecontributionsto意为“为…做贡献”。故填contributions。19.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：王小光教授说，中国特色社会主义的根本特征是党的领导，它在调整大局中起着中心作用。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入引导非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词是theleadershipoftheParty，从句缺主语，所以填which。故填which。20.考查非谓语动词。句意：王小光教授提到深圳是中国改革开放以来处理市场与政府关系的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知，refer是非谓语动词，它与句子主语he是主动的关系，应运用现在分词referring。故填referring。其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AKQEDisaPublicBroadcastingServicestationinCalifornia,US.ThestationisownedbyNorthernCaliforniaPublicBroadcasting.Someofitsradioprogramsareasfollows:●TheCoolerAsoneofthemostpopularprogramsamongyounglisteners,theCoolerisapodcast(博客)aboutpopculturestoriesandmusic,presentedinasmart,funandpersonalway.Comeandjoinusonourjourney.Time:MON-THU,8pm—9pm.●Here&NowAliveproduction,incooperationwithstationsacrossthecountry,Here&Nowreflectstheworldofnewsasit'shappeninginthemiddleoftheday,withtimely,in-depthnews,interviewsandconversation.HostedbyRobinYoungTime:MON-THU,11am—1pm●MindShiftTheMindShiftpodcastexplorestheinnovations(创新)ineducationthatareshapinghowkidslearn.HostsKiSungandKatrinaSchwartzintroducelistenerstoeducators,researchers,parentsandstudentswhoaredevelopingeffectivewaystoimprovehowkidslearn.Theycovertopicslikehowteachersaredevelopingsurprisingmethodstodealwithclassroomdisruptions;howlisteningtopodcastsishelpingkidsdevelopreadingskills.Time:THU-SUN,7pm—9pm●LivingonEarthLivingonEarthisaweeklynewsandinformationprogramabouttheworld'schangingenvironment,ecology,andhumanhealth.Ifthere'ssomethingnewaboutclimatechange,environmentalpoliticsorenvironmentalqualityandhumanhealth,youcancountonHostSteveCurwoodandtheLOEpublicradionewsteamtokeepyouuptodate.Time:WED,9am—10am21.Atwhattimecantheaudienceenjoypopculturestories?A.Tuesday,8pm—9pm. B.Wednesday,9am—10am.C.Friday,8pm—9pm. D.Sunday,7pm—9pm.22.Fromwhichradioprogramcanlistenerspickupnewsatnoon?A.TheCooler. B.Here&Now.C.MindShift. D.LivingonEarth.23.WhichofthesetopicsmightbecoveredinLivingonEarth?A.Educationpolicies. B.Economicproblems.C.Humanpopulation. D.Globalwarming.【答案】ABD【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国加利福尼亚的公共广播服务中心KQED的节目，包括节目内容、播出时间等。21.细微环节理解题。依据文中“TheCooler”这一部分提到“Asoneofthemostpopularprogramsamongyounglisteners,theCoolerisapodcast（博客）aboutpopculturestoriesandmusic,…”thecooler是关于流行音乐的节目，其播出时间为周一至周四，依据题目要求，A项符合题意，故选A。22.细微环节理解题。文章“Here&Now”部分提到该节目播出时间为周一至周四，上午11点至下午1点，B项符合题意，故选B。23.细微环节理解题。文章“LivingonEarth”部分提到“LivingonEarthisaweeklynewsandinformationprogramabouttheworld'schangingenvironment,ecology,andhumanhealth.”该节目是关于全球环境、生态、人类健康等方面。D项符合题意，故选D。BInthetrailer(拖车式房屋)，Sischowasrefreshingthesnails‘(锅牛）accommodations--anongoingroutinethattakesdaysofcarefulwork.HehadfoundadozenofAchatinella

bulimoides--athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.Onceeveryindividualwasaccountedfor,hecleanedthecageandpackedinnewleaves.Theworktookmuchtrouble,buttheresponsibility,hesaid,waslike“aheavyweightsittingonyou.”Thetrailerisveryvulnerable.It’sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysterypathogon（病原体）appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.Assadastheeventwas,there’snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophe.Thesnailscan’tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities:theyneedspecialequipment,experiencedhandlers,andadietofnativeHawaiianplants.Consequently,itcanbehardforthesnails'minderstorelax,evenwhentheyareoutsidethetrailer.“Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction?"Sischosaid.Whileactionlightenstheburden,yetwithanimalswhosenaturalhistoryislargelyunknown,thatactioncanbedangerous."Ifyoudoitwrong,thesnailsdie.”Snailsareneitherintelligentnorbeloved.Sischo'sfriendssometimesteasehimaboutbeing"thestrangesnailguy';strangersaskwhyhecares.It'shardtoconvincepeople,butheinsiststhatifhecanjustgettheminthetrailer,theywillunderstandwhytheAchatinellabulimoidesareworthsaving."Peoplemelt,"hesaid“Whenyoushowthemthattheentirepopulationisinthischamber,ithitsthem."24.Whatisthetrailerusedfor?A.Accommodatingguests B.ShelteringsnailsC.Plantingvegetables. D.Alarmingthieves.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"meaninparagraph?A.Quite. B.Safe.C.Easilyaffected. D.Wellprotected.26.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLastofItsKind B.TheWorstofTimesC.MournItsLoss D.ResistPossibleDangerous【答案】BCCA【解析】本文为说明文。主要说明为了挽救面临灭亡的蜗牛物种，人类为它们制作了特殊的设备拖车式房屋，阅历丰富的驯养员和夏威夷本地植物的饮食，这些都有益于蜗牛的爱护。24.推理推断题。依据其次段的内容“Thetrailer...It’sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit....Assadastheeventwas,there’snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophe.Thesnailscan’tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities:theyneedspecialequipment...”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱。它的设计是为了避开可能被盗，抵挡飓风。但是火灾很简洁摧毁它，或者疾病可以席卷它。，但没有好的方法来防止将来的灾难。蜗牛不能简洁地在动物园或其他设施中生存：它们须要特殊的设备...。这个特殊的设备就是thetrailer。由此可知，这个和thetrailer是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮风挡雨的。分析选项可知，故B项符合题意。25.揣测词义题。依据划线词Thetrailerisveryvulnerable后的内容“It’sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysterypathogenappearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”拖车房屋的设计是为了防止潜在的盗窃，并抵挡飓风。但是一场火灾可以轻易地摧毁它，或者一种疾病可以席卷它。由此可推断出，这种拖车房屋很简洁被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是易受其他因素影响的。故选C。26.主旨大意题。依据第一段中的“HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides--athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies”一天他发觉了12种蜗牛，占世界蜗牛总数的三分之一。其次段中的“LastSeptember,amysterypathogon（病原体）appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”去年9月,一个谜似的(病原体进入了拖车中蜗牛吃的树叶,几乎杀死整个物种。第三段中的“Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction?”Sischosaid。“你的确定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担忧呢？你的确定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担忧呢？”由此可推断出：这种蜗牛的数量极少，也就是说“这种物种最终的几条蜗牛“。分析选项可知A项“这种物种最终的几条蜗牛”为短文最佳标题。故选A。CFoodexpertssaywashingcouldspreadthegermsonyourturkeyinthekitchensinkornearbyfood.Butit'sbeenachallengetryingtoconvincecookstostoprinsing（冲洗）offrawpoultry.Germsthatcanmakepeoplesickarecommoninthegutsofhealthypoultryandarelegallyallowedtobeonrawturkeyandchicken.Theassumptionisthatnobodyeatstheirpoultryraw,andthatthoroughcookingwillkillthebacteria.Thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheUSDAisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidChapman.BenjaminChapman,astudyauthorandfoodsafetyexpertatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,saidtheinstincttowashrawpoultrygoesbackatleastdecadeswhenpeoplereliedmoreonvisualcluestospotproblemswithpoultry.Meanwhile,washinghandsandsurfacesarealsoimportant.Butfoodpreparationisacomplicatedact,andgermsfrompoultrycanbespreadevenifit'snotwashed,especiallywhenbirdsareremovedfrompackaging.TheUSDA-fundedstudystressesthatpoint.ResearcherssprayedrawchickenwithaharmlessstrainofE.coli（大肠杆菌）andwatchedvolunteercooksattestkitchens.Amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.Butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.Andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.Toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.Evenafterthemealiscooked,youaren'toutofthedangerzone.Tokeepturkeysandotherleftoverssafe,expertssaytheyshouldberefrigeratedaftertwohours.27.Peopledon'tacceptUSDA'sadvicebecause____.A.theadviceisrelativelynewB.cleaningseemsmoretrustworthyC.cookscleantheturkeybeforecookingitD.heatcankillmostgermsandnooneeatsrawfood28.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph4?A.Foodpackagescarrygerms.B.HandsandsurfacesareeasytogetE.coli.C.Germsfromaturkeycanbespreadwhetheritiswashedornot.D.Multiplemethodsshouldbeappliedtofoodtogetridofgerms.29.Whichwaymayhelptocookaturkeysafely?A.Rinseofftheturkeybeforeitisheated.B.Keeptheturkeyawayfromthelettuceandrefrigerator.C.Washhandsandpackagesbeforetakingouttheturkey.D.Useathermometertocheckthetemperatureoftheturkey.30.Fromwhichsectionofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?A.Culture. B.Science.C.Education. D.Medicine.【答案及解析】BCDB本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或旁边的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的探讨强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于平安地烹饪火鸡。27.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheUSDAisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidChapman.”可知，查普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违反了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗好像更值得信任，故B项正确。28.推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.Butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.Andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.”可知，在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会：溶化和烹饪，由此可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故C项正确。29.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.”可知，为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到165度，由此可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于平安地烹饪火鸡，故D项正确。30.推理推断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或旁边的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的探讨强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于平安地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故B项正确。DThenewgarbagesortingregulationhastakeneffectinShanghaistartingJuly1.Manycitizensarestillconfusedabouttheclassificationofthefourdifferenttypesoftrash.Thankfully,authoritieshavereleasedanofficialguidelinetoexplainthenewrules.Theguideline,publishedbytheShanghaiGreeneryandPublicSanitationBureau,providesarathercleardefinitiononthefourkindsifwaste:recyclablewaste,harmfulwaste,householdfoodwasteandresidual(剩余)waste.AteamfromtheU.K.'sNationalCentreforSportandExerciseMedicineexamined14leanandoverweightmenandanalyzedtheirmetabolic(新陈代谢)health.TheparticipantswereeitherassignedHarmfulwaste,asthenamesuggests,includesvariouspoisonousmaterialslikeusedbatteries,lightbulbs,out-of-datemedicines,paintandpesticides.Householdfoodwaste—whichistranslatedto"wettrash”inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs(中药)andflowers.Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles(纺织品)arecountedasrecyclablewaste.Thedefinitionofresidualwasteisalittleconfusing.Anythingthatisnotlistedabovebelongstothiscategory.Asspecificasthenewguidelineis,residentsstillhaveahardtimesortingtrashcorrectlyandarefindingitchallengingtomemorizethemall.Forinstance,bothplasticbottlesandbubbleteaorcoffeecupsareplasticmaterials.However,theformerfallstothecategoryofrecyclablewasteandthelatterbelongstoresidualwaste.Tosavethehassle,somenetizenshavecomeupwiththeirownwaytosorttrash."Weshoulddothisfromapig'sangle,"commentedonenetizen."Thoseedible(可食用)forpigsarehouseholdfoodwaste.Thoseevenpigsdon'twanttoeatareresidualwaste.Ifapigconsumessomethinganddiesofit,thensomethingmustbeharmfulwaste.Thosethatcanbesoldandthemoneywegaincanbeusedtopurchasepigsarerecyclablewaste."ThenewregulationcameintoeffectonJuly1.ThosewhodonotsorttheirtrashproperlywillbefinedRMB200.31.Whatdotheoldcoatsthatyouwanttothrowawaybelongto?A.Harmfulwaste. B.Wettrash.C.Recyclablewaste. D.Residualwaste32.Whatisthecommonpointof"wettrash"?A.Theycanbebrokendowneasily. B.Theyallcomefromplants.C.Theyallhavebadsmells. D.Theyallhavepoisonousmaterials.33.Whatisthetoneofthenetizenlike?A.Serious. B.Humorous.C.Delightful. D.Uncertain.34.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThefoursortsofgarbingareforbiddeninShanghai.B.Shanghaigarbagesortingenforcementbegins.C.peoplearestillconfusedaboutgarbagesorting.D.ThenetizensinShanghaisupportthegarbagesortingpolicy.【答案及解析】CABB【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海垃圾分类政策的规范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。31.细微环节理解题。由文中Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles(纺织品)arecountedasrecyclablewaste.可知，oldcoats是可回收利用的废品。由此可知，C项符合题意，故选C。32.细微环节理解题。文中第五段提到“Householdfoodwaste—whichistranslatedto"wettrash”inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs(中药)andflowers.”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选A。33.推理推断题。依据“Weshoulddothisfromapig’sangle,”可知，网民是用一种调侃的口气来说的。A.Serious.肃穆的，B.Humorous.幽默的，C.Delightful.令人开心的，D.Uncertain.迟疑不决的。由此可知，B项符合题意，故选B。34.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类政策，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了详细阐述，由此推断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选B。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whilemostpeoplefeellonelynowandthen,itusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.35.Psychologistsarestudyingthiscomplexphenomenon,andhaveidentifiedthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.36.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation-forexample,afamilyproblem,thedeathofalovedone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.37.Peoplewhoexperiencechronic（慢性的）lonelinesshavemanyproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheirconditions.38.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentsandteachersgiveusguidance,andourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthatthenumberofsocialcontactswehaveisnottheonlyreasonforloneliness.39.Inotherwords,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfelltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.A.However,thistypeoflonelinessisnotsoserious.B.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.C.Psychologistsareexploringpossiblewaystosolvetheproblem.D.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.E.Itismoreimportanthowmanysocialcontactswethinkorexpectweshouldhave.F.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson'ssocialcontacts.G.Unlikethesecondtype,habituallonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.【答案及解析】BDGFE【文章大意】这是一篇选句填空。本文主要探讨了孤独：心理学家把孤独分为了三种，第一种孤独不会持续太久，它是最一般的一种孤独；其次种是情景式孤独，是某种特定状况产生的自然结果；与前两种不同，第三种孤独是最严峻的，通常持续两年以上，没有详细缘由。35.依据前文Whilemostpeoplefeellonelynowandthen,itusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.可知尽管大多数人间或会感到孤独，这种孤独通常只持续几分钟。B.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.然而，对于一些人来说孤独可以持续几年。符合文意，故选B项。36.依据前文Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.可知第一种孤独是短暂的。D.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.它通常很快就消逝，而且不须要任何特殊的关注。符合文意，故选D项。37.依据前文Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.可知第三种孤独是最严峻的。G.Unlikethesecondtype,habituallonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.不像其次种，习惯性孤独通常持续超过两年，并且没有特殊的缘由。符合文意，故选G项。38.依据前文Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.可知我们因为不同的缘由依靠各种人。F.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson'ssocialcontacts.心理学家信任孤独的一个重要因素是一个人的社交关系。符合文意，故选F项。39.依据下文Inotherwords,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfelltheyshouldhavemore.可知换句话来说，孤独的人虽然有一些社交，但有时他们认为自己须要更多。E.Itismoreimportanthowmanysocialcontactswethinkorexpectweshouldhave.更重要的是我们觉得或者期盼自己有多少社交关系。符合文意，故选E项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）MandelaDayisanannualinternationaldayadoptedbytheUnitedNations.ItismorethanacelebrationofNelsonMandela'slifeandlegacy;itisaglobalmovementtotakehislife'sworkintoanewcenturyandchangeourworldforthebetter.MandelaDayincludesaseriesofeventsinvolvingentertainment,music,filmsandcommunityservicewiththehopeofinspiringpeoplearoundtheglobetousetheirindividualpowertohelpchangetheworldaroundthemforthebetter.Aglobalmovementforpositivechangebeginswithsmallactions.Aseachpersonacts,theymotivatepeopletochangepositively,raisingawarenessandexpandingthereachofMrMandela'svalues—fightinginjustice,helpingpeopleinneed.OnMandelaDaypeopleallovertheworld,intheworkplace,athomeandinschools,willbecalledupontospendatleast67minutesoftheirtimedoingsomethingusefulwithintheircommunities,especiallyamongthelessfortunate.MandelaDaywillbecelebratedonthe18thofJulyeachyear.ItwillgivepeopleinSouthAfricaandallovertheworldtheopportunitytodosomethinggoodforothers.Eachofuscanmakeasmalldifferencesimplybygivingothersahand.Ifweallmakeadifferencetogether,ourcollectiveeffortcantrulychangetheworld.MandelaDayisadayforallofustoroll_up_our_sleevesandplayanactiveroleinbuildingourcommunities.ThisisanopportunityforeachofustoshareNelsonMandela'svisionofabetterfutureforall.However,toknowsomepoliticalactivitiesofNelsonMandelasurelyhelpsustounderstandMandelaDaybetter.40．Whatisthemainidea