高中英语语法：过去完成时分析与练习含答案

高中英语语法--过去完成时分析+练习过去完成时1．意义和构成：过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态(亦可以说是“过去的过去”)。过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。HehadalreadybeentoNewYorkearlierintheweek.本周早些时候他去过纽约。Janehadjustleftwhenyourang.你打电话时简刚走。Thecountryhadnotyetrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthewar.这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。2．过去完成时的用法(1)表示较早的过去表示较早的过去，即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。Afterwehadlanded，theplanewassearchedthoroughly.我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。Whensheheardthatherfatherhaddiedintheaccident，sheburstoutcrying.当她听说她父亲在这次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。(2)用于间接引语过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况。Helensaid(that)shehadmovedtoanotherflat.海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。(3)用于宾语从句过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作的用法，多见于宾语从句。一般说来，主句中用了know(知道)，realize(意识到)，think(认为)，suppose(猜想)，guess(推测)，find(找到)，discover(发现)，decide(决定)，remember(想起)，forget(忘记)等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。Werealizedwehadlostourway.我们意识到我们迷路了。Ididn’tthinktoaskherifshehadpassedherexamination.我没有想问她是否考试及格了。(4)强调过去动作的完成IbegancollectingstampsinFebruaryandbyNovemberIhadcollectedmorethan2,000.我从2月份开始集邮，到11月已收集到2000多枚。Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedfor8hours.到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。(可能还没结束)(5)用于虚拟语气过去完成时的这一用法，常见于虚拟语气句中。Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!我们要是听了他们的建议就好了！I’dratheryouhadn’tbeenpresent.我宁愿你当时不在场。IfIhadaskedfordirections，Iwouldn’thavegottenlost.如果我问一下路，就不会迷失方向了。(6)表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，只适用于下列动词：expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(认为)，want(想要)等。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear，butIwasnotabletoleave.我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。(7)过去完成时还可用于某些固定句型中：hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，Itwasthefirsttimethat...等。Itwasthefirsttimethatthegirlhadtalkedtoafamousastronaut.这是女孩第一次和一位著名宇航员进行交谈。Hardlyhadhegothomewhenhebegantogooverhislessons.他一回到家就开始复习功课。Nosoonerhadtheyarrivedthantheywereaskedtoaparty.他们刚一到达就被叫到了一个派对上。3．过去完成时和一般过去时的区别：(1)过去完成时和一般过去时用于同一个句子中表示过去事件发生的顺序。WhenIarrived，sheleft.(Iarrivedandthensheleft.)我到达时她离开了。WhenIarrived，shehadleft.(SheleftbeforeIarrived.)我到达之前她离开了。(2)过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。Hestudiedtheretwoyearsago.两年前他在那儿学习。(离现在两年)Hesaidhehadstudiedtheretwoyearsago.他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)(3)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and，then，but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。Hesaidhewenttheshopandboughtsomefood.他说他去商店买了一些食品。4.练习Ⅰ.选词填空1．Whenwearrived，thoseexperts____(haveleft/hadleft)thevillage.2．He_____(hadworked/worked)therefortwoyears.NowheisinChina.3．Thegirl_____(hadvisited/willvisit)herteacherwhenshegetsthere.4．Hetoldusthathe______(hadplanted/planted)morethan200treesalready.5．Itwasthesecondtimethathe______(hastalked/hadtalked)toaforeigner.1.hadleft2.worked3.willvisit4.hadplanted5.hadtalkedⅡ.完成句子1.到上学期期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。2.当老师走进教室时，刘红已经回家了。3.当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。4.老师问我们是否做完了作业。5.他说这个地方他已经参观过两次了。1．Ihadlearned2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.2．Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom，LiuHonghadgonehome.3．Whenmymothergothome，Ihadalreadydone10mathsproblems.4．Theteacheraskedifwehadfinisheddoingourhomework.5．Hesaidthathehadvisitedtheplacetwicealready.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．HowmanyEnglishnovels____you_____(read)sofar?2．Whenwegottothestation，thetrain_____(leave)already.3．He______(learn)3,000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.4．Theoldmantoldusthathe_____(travel)tomanyplaces.5．Itwasthethirdtimethathe______(see)suchalargeanimal.6．He______(plan)tohelphisfriend，buthewastoobusythen.7．Hardly___he____(begin)hisspeechwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.8．Ididn’tknowathingaboutverbs，forI______(not，study)mylessons.9．Edison_____(build)achemistrylabbythetimehewasten.10．ImetWangHuainthestreetyesterday.We_____(not，see)eachotherforalongtime.1.have;read2.hadleft3.hadlearned4.hadtravelled5.hadseen6.hadplanned7.had;begun8.hadn’tstudied9.hadbuilt10.hadn’tseenⅣ.单句写作11．那是他第一次来到一个这么大的城市。(come)Itwasthefirsttimethathehadcometosuchabigcity.12．那天他告诉我们，他已经决定放弃那个计划了。(tell)Hetoldusthathehaddecidedtogiveupthatplanthatday.13．近几年这个村里发生了很大变化。(takeplace)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisvillageinrecentyears.14．现在他在北京居住。他在美国待过两年。(live)Nowhe’slivinginBeijing.HestayedintheAmericafortwoyears.15．她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。(finish)Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertoplaythepiano.Ⅴ.语法填空Whenmyunclewasyoung，heansweredthecallandwenttothatdistantislandwithhisclassmates.Hetooksomebooksaswellassomeseedswithhim.On35.______(arrive)atthebeautifulisland，hebecameinterestedintheplantswhichwerenative36._____theisland.Heoftenobservedtheminhissparetime.Later，mostofhisclassmatesreturnedtothecity，whilemyunclechose37._____(stay)onthatisland.Mygrandfatherwas38._____angrythatheblamedhimforitmanytimesonthephone.However，myuncledidn’tchangehismind.Mygrandfatherevenconsideredhimas39.____disgracetothewholefamily.Myuncleworkedhardintheday.Inhisfreetime，hewentonstudyingthecharacteristicsofthoseplants.Heevenhadsomesamples40._____(place)inhisbedroom.Justatthattimehebegantothinkabouthowtheyevolvedfromtheirancestors.Althoughhisstudy41.______(generate)noincome，hewascrazyaboutit.Heoftenusedsomeprimitivemethodstocarryouthisexperiments,42.______(detect)howtheseedsgrewintosometallplants.Therewasatime43.______thenumberofthoseplantswasonthedecline.Hemanagedtofindoutthereasonandcameupwithanewwaytosolvetheproblem.Later，heachievedalotinthisfield.Manypeoplehadsuspectedhimofhistalent，buthesucceeded!Hewas44.______(absolute)alegend!arriving2.to3.tostay4.so5.a6.placed7.generated8.detecting9.when