2020年度大学英语六级真题模拟及答案详解

大学英语六级真题及答案详解完整版

资料仅供参考

6月大学英语六级真题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCertificateCraze.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow,

1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试

2.其目的各不相同

3.在我看来……

TheCertificateCraze

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions

onAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).Forquestions8-I0fcompletethesenfenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

MinorityReport

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin*seffortstorecruit

minoritystudents.Sincethesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedthe

proportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to

13%.**Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetold

aNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduating

minorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof

10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.

“Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,',saysHilaryPennington,directorof

postsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudied

enrollmentpatternsinhighereducation.MButifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,

it*sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.Forthefirst

timeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthe

previousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to

64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoor

andnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege-buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortof

theirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthe

graduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,low

collegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.IntheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison-oneof

thetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,

butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametime

frame,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofits

blacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesfor

minorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsian

studentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesand

morepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.

资料仅供参考

NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesinand25

pointsin•MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapinanda

22-pointgapin.Themostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-showalmostno

gapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilityto

selectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,

themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparent

fromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.

"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,

bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,'*saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation.

“Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault.**Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction-studentsadmittedwithlowertest

scoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybe

thatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare,,underniatchedn:they

couldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstate

schoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsand

countonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon*tmake

it."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilityto

getabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend/*saysAmyWiikinsoftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughly

twicetherateofinflation.Inthenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity-afterfinancial

aid-equaled28%of〃（中间的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%of

medianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsare

notalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopay

afterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbeginthe

yearbysaying,nLooktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendof

theyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothe

graduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthe

lastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrom

inner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor（严格要求）andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom-andalsoto

helpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasanlaserlike

focusnonbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost（教务长）Damon

Williams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminority

graduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringing

minoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomepreparatorycourses.

Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,using

innovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,of

course,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswho

havelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selective

schoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whilethe

schoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshad

dippedto63%by."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentfor

studentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（辅导）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand

资料仅供参考

''partnering''withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblack

homecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.If

theUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattention

tograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatistheauthor*smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A)Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B)Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C)Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D)Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B)ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C)Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.

B)Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C)Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycolleges

accordingtoarecentreview?

A)Fifty-sixpercent.C)Fifteenpercent.

B)Thirty-ninepercent.D)Sixty-sevenpercent.

5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates

mainlybecause.

A)theirstudentsworkharderC)theirclassesaregenerallysmaller

B)theyrecruitthebeststudentsD)theygivestudentsmoreattention

6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?

A)Universitiesaretoblame.

B)Studentsdon*tworkhard.

C)Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.

D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.

7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B)Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C)Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminority

studentsgetoverthestereotypethat.

9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudents

withduringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.

10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduation

ratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan.

资料仅供参考

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendof

eachconversation^oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,you

mustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)fC)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre,

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.

B)Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.

C)Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.

D)Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.

12.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.

B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.

13.A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.

B)Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.

C)Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.

D)Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.

14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.

B)Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.

C)ItgotlostattheairportinParis.

D)Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.

15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.

B)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.

C)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.

D)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.

16.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.

B)Thewomanisn*tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.

C)Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.

D)Thewomanisn*tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.

17.A)Theyarebothtoblame.

B)Theyarebotheasytoplease.

C)Theycanmanagetogetalong.

D)Theywillmakepeaceintime.

18.A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.

B)Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.

C)Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.

D)Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.

B)Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.

C)Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.

D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.

20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.

资料仅供参考

B)Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.

C)Theydon*tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.

D)Theydon*twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.

21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.

B)It*sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.

C)It'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.

D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.

22.A)Toirritatethem.C)Torelieveherfeelings.

B)Toteachthemalesson.D)Toshowhercourage.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.

B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.

24.A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.

B)HetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.

C)HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.

D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.

25.A)Givehimalift.C)Checkthepassengerlist.

B)FindAlfredFoster.D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsome

questions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)fC)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspcmdingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.

B)Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney*sworth.

C)Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.

D)Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.

27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.

B)Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.

C)Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.

D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.

28.A)Theroleoftravelagents.C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.

B)Thewaypeopletravel.D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.

B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.

C)Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.

D)Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.

30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.

B)Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.

资料仅供参考

C)Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.

D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.

31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.

B)Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.

C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.

D)Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.

B)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.

C)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.

D)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.

33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.

B)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.

C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.

D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.

34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.

B)Theyareverydestructive.

C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.

D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.

35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.

B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.D)Workasanewspapereditor.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,

youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youare

requiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.For

blanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,you

caneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.

Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit*spickingoneof31

icecream(36)ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.But

asarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37),unhappy-evenparalyzedwith

indecision.

Thafs(38)truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooks

abouthuman(39).Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)ofskillsandinterests,butoften

findthemselves(41)whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.

Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)year.

Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)andcareerdecisions,hedivided

thestudentsintotwogroups:"maximizers'*whoconsidereverypossibleoption,andMsatisficers"who

lookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.

Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44).Butitturnsoutthat's

nottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficerson

average,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.

资料仅供参考

Thereason(45)・Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,you

tendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthe

passagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it*ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueof

editors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Consider

thesescenarios:

It*slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelastedit

andit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modest

rearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It's

done!**Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon*tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshe

makessuggestions,andit*suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesby

challengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptions

andconsequences.Theboss*ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.

Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadto

gohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhat

she*stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhat

you'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,

butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,

butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsrooms

thatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.

Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgut

reaction(本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematic

orfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif・•・？"agreementcovering"Whatifmy

ideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefine

theideaandresubmitit?ByanticipatingHWhatsituationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreach

understandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

47.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout.

48.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby・

49.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss*ssuggestionistoexplainthetoherandofferan

alternativesolution.

50.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto.

51.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingand

avoid,

SectionB

资料仅供参考

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)fB)yC)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbad

fortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey*rebad.Yettheconsensusamong

mosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.

Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,and

leaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetween

theperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedby

aninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublic

services,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthat

foreignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,but

theyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat*sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.

Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,

aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-cost

laborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragricultural

businessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers*savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthe

grocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asfor

thedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffer

mostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvard

economist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithboth

highnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,in

otherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedby

anotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,as

occurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenfor

thosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tall

thatdramatic.nTheunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions/*saysDaniel

Tichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.nButwhenallthosefactorsareput

togetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."

Toobadmostpeopledon*trealizeit.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A)Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B)TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowifsadifferentstory.

C)Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D)Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

资料仅供参考

A)Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B)Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C)Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D)Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A)Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B)Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C)Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D)Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowof

immigrants?

A)Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B)Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C)Itmayleadtosoc