社区护理学概述课件

概述-社区护理学Introductiontocommunityhealthnursing概述-社区护理学HistoryofCommunityHealthNursing

Beforemid1800s-EarlyHomeCarewithfocusinSickandPoorindividual.Orientation:curativeagencies:lay&religiousorders*St.Phoebe

Mid1800sto1900-districtNursingwithfocusinSickandpoorindividualOrientation:curative/lessinpreventionagencies:voluntary&somegovernment*WilliamRathbone概述-社区护理学HistoryofCommunityHealthNursing

1900-1970publichealthnursing-PubicHealthNeeds,focusinfamilyandorientationinCurativeandPreventionagencies:government&somevoluntary

*LilliamWald

1970topresent-CommunityHealthNursing,focusintotalcommunityandorientedtopopulationhealth,servicesaddresshealthpromotion;illnesspreventionagencies:manykinds;someindependentpractice*RuthFreedman概述-社区护理学PublicHealthNursingDevelopmentinChina

EarlyStages:1925BeijingUnionHospital-PublicHealthAgency(Dr.Gland).1930ruralHealthEducation2000Payattentiontocityandruralareascommunitycenterdevelopmentandpracticemodel2006-2007GovernmentemphasizetheimportanceofCommunityhealth,improvecommunityhealthcenters,functions,farmerhealthinsurances。概述-社区护理学ChallengeforChina’sCommunityHealthNursingElderlycareissues2000Population2050Population概述-社区护理学ChinaAdultPopulation概述-社区护理学NationalHealthStatistics现有宫颈癌患者40万人，死亡率达11.30%；宫颈癌每年新发病例约13.15万目前的乳腺癌发病率也已经达到了每10万人口35—40。2007年中国糖尿病人约有3000万。据WHO最新数据预测，到2010年中国糖尿病人将达到目前的4倍。世界卫生组织预测，中国每年确诊的新增结核病例为880万。概述-社区护理学NationalHealthStatisticsMaternalMortalityRate48.3/10万（2004）SkillfulProfessionalHandledelivery97％（2003）Female:malechildrenattendingschool1：1，Juniorschooladmission0.92（2002）Femalechildrenattendingelementaryschool95.8%(2002)15－25岁妇女识字率98％（2004）Newbornmortalityrate15.4/1000,2004<1yearoldinfantdeathrate：30/1000（2003）<5yearsoldchildrenmortality：37/1000（2003）概述-社区护理学TheTopFiveMajorCauseofDeathinChinaCardiovascularDiseasesMalignantTumorCerebrovascularDiseaseDiseaseofRespiratorySystemInjury、Intoxication(Nationaldata,2004)概述-社区护理学IssuesinChronicDiseasesDMHypertensionStrokeCardiovasculardiseasesObeseSmokingTB概述-社区护理学HealthBeyondAcuteCareSettings-CommunityCareandPublicHealth概述-社区护理学PublicHealthDefinitionPublichealthistheScienceandArtof:preventingdisease,prolonginglife,

promotinghealth

andefficiencythroughorganizedcommunityeffort.(Winslow,1920)概述-社区护理学DefinitionofCommunityHealth(ANA,2000）Communityhealthnursingisasynthesisofnursing

andpublichealthpracticeappliedtopromoting

andpreservingthehealthofpopulations.Treat“PopulationasaWhole”

Focusonindividual,family,groups,communityUtilizingHealthpromotion,healthmaintenance,healtheducation,andmanagement,coordination,andcontinuityofcareformeetingpopulationneeds.概述-社区护理学CharacteristicsofCommunityHealthNursingItisafieldofnursingItcombinespublichealthandnursingItfocusinpopulationandenvironmentfactorsthatmayimpacttopeople’shealthItemphasizeinhealthpromotion,illnessprevention,andwellness概述-社区护理学CharacteristicsofCommunityHealthNursingItpromotesclientresponsibilityandself-careItusesaggregatemeasurementandanalysisItuseprincipleoforganizationaltheoryItinvolvesinter-professionalcollaboration.概述-社区护理学PubicHealthisfor:Thesanitationofenvironment,Thecontrolofcommunicableinfections,Theeducationoftheindividualinpersonalhygiene,TheorganizationofmedicalandnursingservicesforTheearlydiagnosisandpreventivetreatmentofdisease,andThedevelopmentofthesocialmachinerytoinsureeveryoneastandardoflivingadequateforthemaintenanceofhealth,

HealthyLifeStyleandLongevity.概述-社区护理学概述-社区护理学CommunityHealthPracticeHealthPromotion

1.Increasethespanofhealthylifeforallcitizens

2.Reducehealthdisparitiesamongpopulationgroups

3.Achieveaccesstopreventiveservicesforeveryone.概述-社区护理学RolesofCommunityHealthNursesResearcherLeadershipCollaboratorManagerAdvocateEducatorClinicianNurses概述-社区护理学HealthPreventionTertiaryPreventionSecondaryPreventionPrimaryPrevention概述-社区护理学PrimaryPreventionforHealthPromotion

HealthEducationAdequateNutritionIndividualDevelopmentAdequateworkingenvironmentandrecreation,restingPre-marriagecounselingandeducationGeneticCounselingRegularPhysicalExamination概述-社区护理学PrimaryPreventionforHealthProtection

ComplywithimmunizationIndividualhygieneImproveenvironmentsanitaryOccupationalSafetyPreventAccidentinallagesAdequatenutritionAvoidcancercauseagentsAvoidallergic概述-社区护理学SecondaryPreventionIdentifycasesinthecommunityScreenandtestConductspecialphysicalexaminationTreatandpreventtheprogressofillnessAvoidthespreadingofdiseaseReducethedisabilitytime概述-社区护理学TertiaryPreventionTreatandstopthediseaseprogressandavoidcomplicationandsideeffectLimitthechancefordisabilityProviderehabilitationforphysicalandpsychologicalwell-being,occupationaltherapy,availabilityoflong-termcare概述-社区护理学Characteristicsofcommunityhealthnursingitisafieldofnursingitcombinespublichealthwithnursingitispopulation-focuse