初升高英语暑假衔接第2部分-专题27.必修第一册UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS -Reading and Thinking单词课文预习（教师版）

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS--ReadingandThinking单词，课文预习一．词汇预先知Ⅰ.单词——记其形1．cometotheir__rescue营救他们2．causedamagetohishealth损害他的健康3．destroyhopes摧毁希望4．buildsheltersforthehomeless为无家可归者搭建庇护所5．ruinourtrip毁坏我们的旅行6．30percentstudents百分之三十的学生7．betrappedinthe__ruins被困在废墟中8．burythedead埋葬死者9．makegreaterefforts尽更大的努力Ⅱ.单词——知其意1．disastern．灾难；灾害2．tornadon.龙卷风；旋风3．droughtn.旱灾；久旱4．landsliden.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡5．slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动6．tsunamin.海啸7．floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没8．magnituden.(地)震级；重大9．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离10．helicoptern.直升机11．crackn.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂12．gasn.汽油；气体；燃气13．brickn.砖；砖块14．metaln.金属15．electricityn.电；电能16．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体17．contextn.上下文；语境；背景Ⅲ.单词——通其变1．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.无生命的2．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的3．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸4．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revivaln．振兴；复苏5．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．折磨；苦难6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的；聪明的7．affect__vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effectn．效果，作用Ⅳ.词块——英汉译1．asif似乎；好像；仿佛2．inruins严重受损；破败不堪3．inshock震惊；吃惊4．setup建立5．asusual像往常一样6．cometoanend结束7．thenumberof……的数量8．digout挖掘9．ahometo……的家园10．gothrough经历11．begone没有了12．providemedicalcare提供医疗服务课文精研读原文呈现THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit【1】．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat【2】，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide【3】，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.【1】“comingoutofit”在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。【2】此处为“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。【3】“lookingforplacestohide”在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语，Mice与lookfor之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，“寻找”与“跑”同时进行。At3：42a．m.,everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧【4】！Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity,oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan⑪150kilometresawayinBeijing【5】．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads，andwaterways⑫.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins⑬.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents【6】．Thenumberof⑭peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.【4】本句中asif引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气。【5】“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”为“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位语，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词aquake，that在从句中作主语。【6】此处为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。Everywheresurvivors⑮looked,therewasnothingbutruins【7】．Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone⑯.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway⑰.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross【8】．Therailwaytracks⑱werenowuseless⑲piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof⑳water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up4(21))—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up4(22)).Water,food,andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up4(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast【9】．【7】Everywheresurvivorslooked是地点状语从句。Everywhere既是副词，也作连词，引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”结构，but是介词，意为“除……之外”；该结构后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，如果nothing前面有实义动词do时，后跟的动词不定式要省略to。【8】此处是“主语＋be＋adj.(＋forsb)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也属于此句型。【9】how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状语修饰形容词long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up4(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up4(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up4(26))thedead【10】．Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up4(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up4(28))again.【10】本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中whoweretrapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；先行词为those且指人时，定语从句要用who引导。thedead表示“死者”，属于“the＋adj.”结构。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up4(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up4(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up4(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up4(32))ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up4(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up4(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up4(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up4(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up4(37))forabrighterfuture【11】．【11】本句使用了“proveto...that...”结构，that引导的宾语从句作prove的直接宾语；其中tostaypositive为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰抽象名词wisdom。Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28，1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Deepcracksappearedinthewellwalls,andeven1.smelly(smell)gaswascomingoutofonewell.Someanimalsalsohadsomeunusualbehaviour.Butpeopleinthecity,2.whowereasleepasusualthatnight,didn’tthinkmuchofthese.At3：42am，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybrokeout.ItdestroyedthecityandevencauseddamageinBeijing.Inlessthanoneminute,Tangshan3.lay(lie)inruins.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor4.terribly(terrible)injuredinthequake5.was(be)morethan400，000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakestruckTangshanagain.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard6.to__get(get)．Butallthehopewasn’tlost.Soonafterthequakes,teamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandburythedead.Manymorepeople,7.including(include)workersanddoctors,cametoprovidehelp.Throughallthe8.efforts(effort),thecitybegantobreatheagain.Today,9.anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins,whichhasproved10.totheentireworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.三．随堂精训练【小题夯基】一.单词拼写1．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrap(陷阱)andcovereditwithsomeleaves.2．Itiswrongofyoutowasteelectricity(电)inyourdailylife.3．Theheavyrainlastnightcausedfloods(洪水)inmanymountainousareas.4．Toomuchdrinkingwilldodamage(伤害)toyourhealth;youshouldtakethedoctor’sadvice.5．Weshouldfindashelter(躲避处)fromthewind.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(灾难)evertohitthearea.7．Theflowerssoonrevived(复活)afterIwateredtheminthemorning.8．Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricks(砖块)ofdifferentages.9．Plasticpartscantaketheplaceofmetal(金属)onesinmanymachines,buttheydon’tlastlong.10．Youshouldbeabletoguessthemeaningofthewordfromthecontext(上下文)．二.词形变化1．Affected(affect)withahighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.2．Wisdom(wise)isknowingwhattodonext,skillisknowinghowtodoit,andvirtueisdoingit.3．Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath(dead)．4．Ilikegettingupearlyinthemorning.Themorningairisgoodto__breathe(breath)．5．Allthelistenerswere__shocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.6．Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteenhours,theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)inruins.7．Thedoctordecidedtooffersomeadvicetotheathletesuffering(suffer)fromabadback.8．Burying(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9．Hewas__trapped(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.10．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletelydestroyed(destroy)．【大题提能】APeopleacrossWesternEuropeareexperiencingaheatwavethisweek,withtheworststilltocomeonThursday.Officialssoundedhigh－temperaturehealthwarningsonWednesday,mindfulthatsomeheatwavesbeforehadcausedthousandsofdeathsacrossanareawherepeoplearenotusedtosuchweatherandfewhomeshaveairconditioning.RenePierron,51,astreetcleaneratParisCityHall,wasnotlucky，andsaiditwasdifficulttoworkoutdoorsundersuchconditions.“Thebuildingsandroadsheretaketheheatinduringthedayandactlikeradiators(散热器)—it’sunbearable，”hesaidwhiletakingabreakneartheAvenuedesChamps－Elysees.KateSimmonds,also51,whoworksinarestaurantincentralLondon,couldcommiserate(同情)．“It’ssohot—wecan’tworklikethis，”shesaidonWednesday.Butshesaidbusinesswasgoodthisweek，withplentyofpeoplebuyingcolddrinksandicecream.Nationafternationhavegivenhealth－relatedwarningforpeoplebecomingtiredandweakintheheat.Belgiumgaveitshighestwarningsinceitsweatherwarningsystemwasputinplace20yearsago,andGermanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning.Britain’sweatherservice,theMetOffice,placedfiveofEngland’snineareas,includingLondon,ona“LevelThree”heathealthwatch,onelevelshortofanationalemergency.LizBentley,thechiefexecutiveofBritain’sRoyalMeteorologicalSociety,warned:“WhileacountrylikeBritainisnotusedtoheatwaves，theycouldbecomemorecommonbecauseofthechangingclimate(气候)．IfyouliveinaMediterraneancountry,thepopulationadaptsto(适应)thesetemperatures.Butwe’llseethenumberofdeathsgoupinthenextcomingdays.”GraceKnee,29,wasanexception,lovingtheheat.“Ilovethisweather，”shesaid,addingthatshehadappliedstrongsunscreenbeforestayingunderthesun.“Ijustlikegettingatan(晒黑的皮肤)．”【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。热浪席卷西欧，各国纷纷拉响警报。1．WhatdidRenePierronthinkoftheweather?A．Itcreatedsomebusinesschances. B．Itmadehisworkmoredifficult.C．Itmightleadtopeopledying. D．Itwouldendsoon.答案B[推理判断题。根据第二段中的saiditwasdifficultto...radiators—it’sunbearable，可知，RenePierron认为此次高温使他的户外工作变得很困难。]2．HowdidGermanydealwiththeheatwave?A．Ithadcarriedoutmanyhelpfulactions. B．Itsuggestedpeoplestayawayfromwork.C．Itwarnedthewholecountryoftheheat. D．Itprovidedairconditioningforpoorpeople.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的Germanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning可知，德国向全体国民发出了高温警告。]3．WhatdoLizBentley’swordsmean?A．Suchweatherwillappearmorefrequently. B．TheweatherhaslittleinfluenceonBritain.C．Thousandsofpeoplewilldiebecauseoftheweather.D．Peoplehavefullyrealizedthedangeroftheweather.答案A[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的WhileacountrylikeBritainis...adaptstothesetemperatures可知，LizBentley认为，由于气候变化的原因，此类天气会出现得更加频繁。]4．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．HeatwavespreadsacrossEuropeB．HeatwavemakesthingsbadforhumanbeingsC．EuropetriestofindwaystodealwithheatwaveD．Heatwavecallsforpeopletoprotecttheenvironment答案A[标题归纳题。本文是一篇新闻报道。该报道指出，欧洲各国受热浪影响，气温屡创新高，各国针对这一现象，纷纷拉响高温警报。此次热浪严重影响了人们的正常生活。因此，A项为本文的标题。]BLifehasbeendifficultforGerardDunnsincehiswifepassedawaysixmonthsago.Butthankfully,theInternetistheretocheerhimup.92－year－oldGerardand82－year－oldEllenhadbeenmarriedformorethansixtyyears.WhileEllenworkedasateacher,GerardworkedasaCanadaPostpostman.Forthisreason,Gerardlovesthemail.SinceEllendiedearlierthisyear,Gerardhasbeencheeredbythedailymaildelivery.Gerard’schildrenhavetriedtocomforthimbysendinghimletters—buthisdaughterMiriamwantedtodosomethingspecialforhiscomingbirthday.Earlierthisweek,MiriammadeaTwitterpostonlinetoaskpeopletosendletterstoherfatherforhisbirthdayinOctober.Miriamwasonlyexpectingafewpeopletorespond(回应),butsinceshepublished(发表)thepost,ithasbeensharedover20，000timesandreceived40，000likes.Usersarepromisingtodeliverartworks,foodandcards；teachersaresendingherphotosoftheirstudentswhoarecarefullyandseriouslywritinglettersforGerard；thousandsmorepeoplehavesentheronlinegoodwishes.“IthoughtmaybeIcouldgetafewstrangersontheInternettosendhimsomethingthatwouldreallypleasehim.Iguessedthatfiveortenpeoplewouldsay‘Iwilldothat’，butIneverexpectedthiswhenIcamebacktoTwitter，”saidMiriam.“Mydadse