2020-2021学年甘肃省兰州市高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

2020-2021学年甘肃省兰州市高一下学期期末考试英语试题考试时间：100分钟满分：120分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。第一节（共15题，每题2分，满分30分）AShoppingisoneofthebestwaystorelaxafterastressfulweek.Nothingismoresatisfyingthanfindingaperfectitem--andwhenI’mboredwithshoppingforclothesImoveontomake-upandshoes.Inevershopinsales--thereasontheitemshaven’tsoldatfullpriceisusuallybecausetheyarebadlymadeorhorriblecolours.--BlancaIhateshoppinganditboresmeenormously.Ireallycannotunderstandsuchauselessandexpensivehabit.IonlyshopforclotheswhenIcan’tgetoutofitandwhenIdo,ImakesureIbuygoodqualityandasmuchasIcanafford,toputoffhavingtogoagainforaslongaspossible.IhavefriendswhowillspendaWholedaygoingfromshoptoshoptryingonlotsofdifferentclothesandnotbuyinganything.That’sreallystupid.--PamIcan’tseethepointinspendingalotofmoneyonclothes,whentheyaresomuchcheaperabroad.IdomostofmyshoppingwhenIgoonholiday,andgetgreatclothesforhalftheprice.Ilovefindingbargains!Ialsobuyalotinsales.Theclothesmaybeoutoffashionabit,butthey’regoodquality,andifyouwaitlongenough,theycomebackintofashion!--MeghanIpersonallystillspendhalfofmywageonclothes.IusuallyonlyeverwearsomethingthreetimesbeforeIthrowitinthebackofmywardrobe(衣橱).Ineverwearapartydressmorethanonce.IfIlostmyjobandcouldn’taffordtobuylotsofclothes,Iwouldneverbeabletogooutofthehouseagain.--Shelly1.WhatdoesPamfocusonwhenshoppingforclothes?A.Price. B.Brand.C.Pattern. D.Quality.2.Whoisabargainhunter?A.Blanca. B.Pam.C.Meghan D.Shelly.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShelly?A.Shehasnotasteforclothes.B.Sheisaddictedtoshopping.C.Sheisalwaysleadingthefashion.D.Shegoesshoppingonlywhennecessary.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。Blanca，Pam，Meghan，Shelly表达了自己对买衣服不同的看法。【1题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“ImakesureIbuygoodqualityandasmuchasIcanafford”可知，Pam在买衣服时，注重的是衣服的质量。故D选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Ilovefindingbargains!Ialsobuyalotinsales”可知，Meghan喜欢寻找便宜的衣服，她经常买促销的衣服。故C选项切题。【3题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Shelly会把一半的薪水用来买衣服。一件衣服只穿三次就放起来不穿了。参加聚会时穿的衣服从来没有重复过。由此可以推知，她对购买衣服非常的上瘾。故B选项正确。BGrown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,extralearningattemptsortriestoincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,andbicycleridinglongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexception（例外）tothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtopasstheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.4.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.5.Theauthortellstheexperienceinchildhoodinorderto__________.A.rememberthegoodolddaysB.letreadersfollowtheexampleC.explainthelawofoverlearningD.helpreadersunderstandtheimportanceofknowledge6.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis__________.A.asteptowardsstudies B.aresultofoverlearningC.aspecialcaseofcramming D.askilltodealwithmathproblems7.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononcramming?A.It'shelpfulonlyinalimitedway. B.Itcausesfailureincollegeexams.C.It'spossibletoresultinpoormemory. D.Itincreasesstudents'learninginterest.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了过度学习的概念。最后作者谈到了过度学习的好处和突击学习的弊端。【4题详解】根据文章的第一段的Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，作者讲述了自己童年的经历，再根据最后一句Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.可知作者是解释过度学习理论。【6题详解】根据第四段weforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.可知，学会乘法口诀也是过度学习的一个结果。【7题详解】根据文章的最后一段中的“Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.”可知：突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。所以A正确。CBytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”8.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.BeneficialC.Significant D.Unnoticeable10Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesC.PhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。【8题详解】推理判断题。第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感。故划线部分单词意思为“敏感的；灵敏的”可知A项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”可知，Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。【11题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”，可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。DWeallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.Ifyoudon'tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.Butwhowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthatisicecold.Well,manypeoplearetakingtheplunge,basedonevidencethatitcanactuallybegoodforus.Cold-waterswimming—sometimescalledwildswimming—involvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingingivesashortsharpshocktothebody,butmanyparticipantssaytheygetusedtoit.Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthatforyourbodyandmind.Aswellasbeinggoodexercise,spendingtimeoutdoorsandbywaterimproveswellbeing.Thereismuchevidence,mostlyanecdotal,thatsuggestscold-waterswimminghascuredcertainhealthconditions.Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaplungeincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou'reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.”Butwhatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthischillyexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwaterevokesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.It'salsothoughttohaveastronganti-inflammatoryeffect.Buttherearebiggerbenefitstothisstress-reducingexercise.Someexpertsbelievecold-waterswimminghelps'cross-adaptation',whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.Forexample?italsohelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitude.So,ifyou'reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice:approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher!12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Swimmingandhealth. B.Cold-waterswimming.C.Reducingstress. D.Achillyexperience.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhe2ndparagraph?A.Thesharpbodyshock. B.Thebenefit.C.Thecolddip. D.Theresearch.14.WhatisSandriaSimons'opinionaboutcold-waterswimming?A.Itbringsyouclosetonature. B.Itcurescertainhealthconditions.C.Ithascross-adaptationeffects. D.It'sagreatphysicalexercise.15.Whatistheauthor'sadvice?A.Startatanearlyage. B.Doitimmediately.C.Adaptfirstincoldwater. D.Safetycomesfirst.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。有证据表明在冰冷的水里游泳，即“冷水游泳”对人体有好处。文章介绍了“冷水游泳”的概念，列举了一些冷水游泳治愈健康问题的例子和医生对冷水游泳有哪些好处的说明。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.Ifyoudon'tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.Butwhowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthatisicecold,Well,manypeoplearetakingtheplunge,basedonevidencethatitcanactuallybegoodforus.(我们都知道游泳对健康的好处。它为身体提供了很好的锻炼——增强耐力、肌肉力量和心血管健康。如果你不介意被打湿的话，也可以很有趣。但是谁会喜欢在冰冷的水里游泳呢？嗯，很多人都在冒险，因为有证据表明这实际上对我们有好处)”结合文章说明了有证据表明在冰冷的水里游泳，即“冷水游泳”对人体有好处。文章介绍了“冷水游泳”的概念，列举了一些冷水游泳治愈健康问题的例子和医生对冷水游泳有哪些好处的说明。可知，文章的主要内容是冷水游泳。故选B。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfound”以及后文“canhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthatforyourbodyandmind”可知，泡个冷水澡可能会让你清醒，但研究发现，冷水澡对你的身心益处要大得多。故it指的是“Thecolddip(冷水澡)”。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou'reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.”(另一位游泳运动员SandriaSimons在接受BBC采访时表示：“把身体浸泡在冰冷的盐水中，只要你愿意，就会感觉自己与大自然融为一体，这种感觉太棒了。”)”可知，SandriaSimons认为冷水游泳使人接近大自然。故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“So,ifyou'reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice:approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher!(所以，如果你确信这是适合你的，请接受建议：要小心进行，和朋友一起游泳，也许可以在夏天开始，因为水温较高！)”可知，作者的建议是安全第一。故选D。第二节（共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsforUpcomingSeniorTwoPeopleoftendescribeSeniorTwoasayearwith“muchmorehomework,morefrequentexamsandmorefiercecompetitions”.___16___1.Manageyourtimecarefullyandmakefulluseofit.Trytostudynothardbutefficiently.Makeato-do-listforyourtimeafterschool.Don’tjustspendquitealongtimeononlyonesubject.___17___Remembertotakebreakswhenyoufeelexhausted.2.TreatCompetitioninClassinarightway.Don’ttreatyourclassmatesaspotential(潜在的)enemies.Competitioncannotbeavoided,buteveryonewantstostudyandliveinafriendlyenvironment.___18___Byhelpingotherssolveproblems,youinspireothers,enrichyourownknowledgeandgainlastingfriendship.3.___19___Don’tletyourformerrankingslimityou.Whatreallymattersishowyoutreatexamsandranking.Forgettheclassrankingorgraderankings,butcompetewithyourself.Inawhile,youwillseeyourselfclimbinginscoresandrankings.Allinall,thecomingnewschoolyearissuretobefullofchallenges.Toomuchworryonlyaddstoyourdifficultiesinyourdevelopment.____20____Wishyouthebestofluckinthenewacademicyear!A.Learnforyourself,notforothers.B.Havearightattitudetowardsyourrankings.C.Goodtimemanagementskillsareveryimportant.D.Instead,dividethehoursintosmallperiodsfordifferentsubjectsE.Whenyouprepareforthebattle,someadvicefrommemaybeofhelpF.Sowhentheyturnedtoyouforhelp,justshareyourwisdomimmediatelyG.Ifyoukeepmyadviceinmind,youwillachievealotandleadahappylife.【答案】16.E17.D18.F19.B20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文对即将升入高二同学提出了一些建议。【16题详解】下文给出了几条建议，所以这里意思是当你为这场战役准备的时候，我的一些建议可能会有帮助。E项：Whenyouprepareforthebattle,someadvicefrommemaybeofhelp（当你准备战斗时，我的一些建议可能会有所帮助）符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Don’tjustspendquitealongtimeononlyonesubject.（不要在一个科目上花很长时间。）”可知，这里意思是相反，要根据不同的科目，把时间分成许多小的学时D项：Instead,dividethehoursintosmallperiodsfordifferentsubjects（相反，你应该将这些时间划分为不同的科目）符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Byhelpingotherssolveproblems,youinspireothers,enrichyourownknowledgeandgainlastingfriendship.（通过帮助别人解决问题，你激励了别人，丰富了自己的知识，获得了持久的友谊。）”可知，这里意思是所以当他们向你寻求帮助的时候，立即分享你的智慧。F项：Sowhentheyturnedtoyouforhelp,justshareyourwisdomimmediately（所以当他们向你求助时，马上分享你的智慧）符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Don’tletyourformerrankingslimityou.Whatreallymattersishowyoutreatexamsandranking.Forgettheclassrankingorgraderankings,butcompetewithyourself.Inawhile,youwillseeyourselfclimbinginscoresandrankings.（不要让你以前的排名限制了你。真正重要的是你如何对待考试和排名。忘记班级排名或年级排名，但与自己竞争。过一会儿，你就会看到自己的分数和排名在攀升。）”可知，这一自然段主要讲了排名的问题，所以这一段的标题应该是对于自己的排名，要有一个正确的态度。B项：Havearightattitudetowardsyourrankings.（对你的排名有一个正确的态度。）符合语境。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Allinall,thecomingnewschoolyearissuretobefullofchallenges.Toomuchworryonlyaddstoyourdifficultiesinyourdevelopment.（总之，即将到来的新学年肯定会充满挑战。太多的担心只会增加你发展的困难。）”可知，这里进行总结，如果记住这些建议，你将会收获许多并且过上快乐的生活。G项：Ifyoukeepmyadviceinmind,youwillachievealotandleadahappylife.（如果你把我的建议记在心里，你会取得很多成就，过着幸福的生活。）符合语境。故选G。第二部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mygrandfatherdiedin1970,leavingmygrandmotherlivingintheiroldhousealone.Shortlyafterthat,wewenttotheanimalshelterandpickedoutalittle___21___toaccompanyGrandma.ThedogwasnamedPenny.GrandmaandPennyquicklybecameveryattached(依恋)toeachother,andthatattachmentgrewmuch___22___asyearspassed—theybecamevery___23___.WhenGrandmawentto___24___,Pennywalkedalongandlay___25___heruntilshewokeup.___26___Pennyaged,shecouldnolongerjumpuponthe___27___tolienexttoGrandma,soshelayontheblanketbesidethebed.Grandmaneverwentanywherewithoutherpartnerbyherside.ThetimecamewhenbothmygrandmotherandPennywerebecoming___28___.Grandmahadbeensenttohospitalseveraltimes,andPennycouldn't___29___aroundverywell.WhenGrandmawasinhospital,Pennywouldsitatthewindow____30____outforthecarbringingGrandmahomeandwould____31____waitatthedoorwhenGrandmacamethroughit.Eachhomecomingwasagreatmeetingagainbetweenthetwo.OnChristmasDayin1985,Grandmawasagain____32____tothehospital.Penny,____33____,satwatchingoutthewindowforthe____34____bringingGrandmahome.Twomorningslater,I____35____shecouldn'tstandandwouldn'teat.Later,shehaddifficultyinbreathing.Iquickly____36____hertothehospitalwhereGrandmastayedtoletherseeher____37____forthelasttime.There,assoonasPennysawGrandma,Penny'seyesbrightenedsuddenlyandthenslowly____38____.Grandmaleftthisworld,several____39____later.Afterfifteenyearsoflovingfriendship,GrandmaandPennypassedawayonthesameday.Godhaditallworkedout—Pennywaswaitingatthedoorto____40____herwhenGrandmacamehome.21.A.mouse B.cat C.bird D.dog22A.stronger B.higher C.father D.longer23.A.similar B.gentle C.friendly D.close24.A.work B.hospital C.sleep D.church25.A.on B.beside C.under D.below26.A.Since B.While C.As D.Though27.A.table B.bed C.chair D.blanket28.A.lost B.active C.weak D.tired29.A.lie B.walk C.play D.jump30.A.looking B.crying C.climbing D.getting31.A.worriedly B.hurriedly C.excitedly D.disappointedly32.A.invited B.taken C.led D.moved33.A.asusual B.intime C.byaccident D.atonce34.A.car B.truck C.bus D.bicycle35.A.believed B.guessed C.heard D.found36.A.guided B.posted C.sent D.followed37.A.owner B.mother C.doctor D.saver38.A.opened B.brightened C.closed D.wetted39.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.months40.A.call B.help C.miss D.greet【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.B28.C29.B30.A31.C32.B33.A34.A35.D36.C37.A38.C39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述奶奶和宠物狗Penny15年的相互依恋，并在同一天离开人间。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我们去了动物收容所，挑了一只小狗陪奶奶。A.mouse老鼠；B.cat猫；C.bird鸟；D.dog狗。根据下文ThedogwasnamedPenny.可知，此处是信息词dog的词汇复现。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奶奶和佩妮很快就变得非常依恋对方，而且这种依恋随着时间的推移变得更加强烈——他们变得非常亲密。A.stronger更强壮；B.higher更高；C.farther更远；D.longer更长。奶奶和Penny互相彼此依恋，随着时间的推移，这种依恋已经渐渐变得更加强大。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.similar相似的；B.gentle温柔的；C.friendly友好的；D.close紧密的，亲近的。根据上句可知她们变得非常亲近。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当奶奶去睡觉时，佩妮走过去，躺在她旁边，直到她醒来。A.work工作；B.hospital医院；C.sleep睡觉；D.church教堂。当奶奶去睡的时候。她会躺在奶奶身边，直到她醒来。gotosleep去睡觉。故选C。【25题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.on在……上面；B.beside在……旁边；C.under在……下面；D.below在……下方。她会躺在奶奶身边，直到她醒来。故选B。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：随着佩妮年龄的增长，她再也不能跳到床上躺在奶奶旁边了，所以她躺在床边的毯子上。A.Since既然，自从……以来；B.While在……期间；C.As由于；D.Though尽管。由于Penny老了，她不再上床躺在奶奶身边。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.table桌子；B.bed床；C.chair椅子；D.blanket毯子。由于Penny老了，她不再上床躺在奶奶身边。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我祖母和佩妮都变得很虚弱。A.lost丢失的；B.active活跃的；C.weak虚弱的；D.tired劳累的。我奶奶和Penny的身体都变弱了。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶被送进医院好几次了，佩妮也不能很好地走路。A.lie躺，卧；B.walk散步；C.play玩；D.jump跳。奶奶被送到医院几次，Penny也不能很好地走路。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶被送进医院好几次了，佩妮也不能很好地走路。A.looking看；B.crying哭；C.climbing爬；D.getting得到。Penny总是蹲在窗户旁，留心带奶奶回来的汽车。lookoutfor留心，寻找。故选A。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.worriedly担忧地；B.hurriedly匆忙地；C.excitedly兴奋地；D.disappointedly失望地。当奶奶康复回来的时候，她总是兴奋地等在门口。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1985年的圣诞节，奶奶又被送进了医院。A.invited邀请；B.taken拿走，带走；C.led通向，引领；D.moved移动。在1985年的圣诞节，奶奶又一次被送到医院。故选B。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：像往常一样，佩妮坐在车窗外看着送奶奶回家的车。A.asusual像平常一样；B.intime及时；C.byaccident偶然，意外地；D.atonce立刻，马上。Penny像平常一样，注视着窗户，等着送奶奶回来的汽车。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.car小汽车；B.truck卡车；C.bus公共汽车；D.bicycle自行车。根据前文Pennywouldsitatthewindow___10___outforthecarbringingGrandmahome可知她在等送奶奶回来的汽车。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两天后，我发现她站不起来，也不吃东西。A.believed相信；B.guessed猜测；C.heard听见；D.found发现。两个早上之后，我发现她不能走不能吃了。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我赶紧把她送到奶奶住的医院，让她最后一次见她的主人。A.guided指导；B.posted贴出，通告；C.sent送，寄出；D.followed跟随。根据上句Later,shehaddifficultyinbreathing.可知，我很快把她送到了医院。故选C。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.owner主人；B.mother母亲；C.doctor医生；D.saver救助者。我很快把她送到了医院，她的主人，我的奶奶也在那里住院。故选A。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，佩妮一看到奶奶，佩妮的眼睛突然亮了起来，然后慢慢闭上了。A.opened打开；B.brightened使闪亮；C.closed关闭；D.wetted使变湿。在医院里，Penny一看到奶奶，眼睛闪烁，突然慢慢地闭上了眼。故选C。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：几个小时后，奶奶离开了这个世界。A.hours小时；B.days天；C.weeks周；D.months月。几小时之后，奶奶离开了世界。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上帝把一切都安排好了，当奶奶回家时，佩妮在门口等着迎接她。A.call叫喊；B.help帮助；C.miss错过，想念；D.greet问候。上帝把一切都做完了——当奶奶回到家的时候，Penny等在门口问候。故选D。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）___41___iswellknown,optimism(乐观)playsanimportantroleinone’slife.Althoughwearefacingmanydifficulties,weshouldkeepoptimistic.Optimismisamental(精神的)attitudeorworldviewanditmeansexpecting___42___bestpossibleresultfromanygivensituation.Idid___43___(poor)inEnglishinthepast,butInevergaveupstruggling(搏斗).Allmyfamilies,teachersandfriendsencouraged___44___(I)andtheytaughtmealotof___45___(use)waysoflearningEnglish.I___46___(keep)practicingastheytoldmetodo.IlistenedtoEnglishnewsandsongsandIreadinterestingEnglishstories.Atweekends,watchingsomeEnglishmovieswasanothergoodwaytomakemyEnglishbetter.___47___difficultiesIcameacross,Itriedmybesttoworkthemout.Ibelieveinmyself,___48___(believe)thathardworkwouldfinallypayoff.Gradually,ImakeprogressinmyEnglish.Nowadays,IcanrememberEnglishwords___49___(easy)andusethemfreelywhencommunicatingwithforeigners.Thankstooptimism,IhavebecomeoneofthetopEnglish___50___(learn)inmyschoolnow.【答案】41.As42.the43.poorly44.me45.useful46.kept47.Whatever48.believing49.easily50.learners【解析】【分析】本文中，作者通过讲述自己学习英语的经历，阐述有努力就有收获，以及保持积极乐观的心态的重要性。【41题详解】固定搭配的分析。Asiswellknown众所周知。故填as。【42题详解】定冠词的分析。分析该句，结构成分完整，因此填写定冠词the修饰bestpossibleresult,表特指。故填the。【43题详解】副词词义的分析。根据副词修饰动词的原则，did为助动词，因此用副词poorly修饰did。故填poorly。【44题详解】句子结构的分析。分析句子结构，是由and连接的两个并列结构，后文为taughtme,因此横线处应填写me构成encouragedme结构。故填me。【45题详解】形容词词义的分析。横线前为介词of,横线后为名词ways,所以应填写形容词useful,修饰ways。故填useful。【46题详解】动词时态的分析。根据astheytoldmetodo,可知该句为一般过去时，因此，横线处应填写kept，构成keptdoingsth结构。故填kept。【47题详解】whatever类词的分析。根据句意，（）困难，所以横线处应填写whatever表示无论什么困难。故填whatever。【48题详解】伴随状语的分析。根据前文Ibelieveinmyself,可知横线处应填believing做伴随状语。故填believing。【49题详解】副词词义的分析。根据前文IcanrememberEnglishwords,可知副词easily修饰remember。故填easily。【50题详解】名词词义的分析。根据句意，可以推断出横线处应填写名词learner，又由于oneof后面应用名词复数形式，因此填写learners。故填learners。第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Timeflies!AyearhaspastsinceIcametothisschool.Manycolorfulactivitieshadbeenorganizedbyourschool.Whatimpressedmemostwasaactivitycalled"LearningtoFarm".Inanautumnafternoon,weweresenttoafarmwhichwelearnedloplantpotatoes.Havingbeeninthecityforsoalongtime,weweresohappytogotothecountryside.Afterdividedintothreegroups,westartedtowork.Somestudentscutpotatoesintopieces;somedugholes,andothersputthepiecesofpotatoesintothehole,puttheearthbackandpushedthemdownhard.Wecontinueddoingthatuntilalltheworkwasdone.Althoughwewereexhausted,butwefeltfulfilledonourwaybackhome.【答案】l.past→passed2.had→have3.a→an4.In→On5.which→where6.so→such7.After后加入being8.hole→holes9.them→it10.But去掉【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加学校组织的“学种地”活动的过程。【详解】1.考查时态和过去分词。句意：我到这所学校已经一年了。根据句中时间状语“sinceIcametothisschool”可知，主句中应使用现在完成时态：have/has+过去分词，past是形容词，应改为过去分词passed。故将past改成passed。2.考查时态。句意：我们学校组织了许多丰富多彩的活动。根据语境可知，句中应使用现在完成时态：have/has+过去分词，而不是过去完成时，又因主语activities是复数名词，所以助动词用have。故将had改成have。3.考查冠词。句意：给我印象最深的是一个叫“学种地”的活动。可数名词activity(活动)在句中表示“一种活动”，泛指，前面应使用不定冠词，又因其音标中的第一个单节是元音音素/æ/，所以应使用不定冠词an修饰。故将a改成an。4.考查介词。句意：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学会了种植土豆。当afternoon前有形容词修饰，表示特定某一天的下午时，常用介词on，句中形容词autimn作定语，修饰afternoon。故将in改成on。5.考查定语从句。句意：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学会了种植土豆。分析句子可知，“whichwelearnedloplantpotatoes”是限制性定语从句，修饰先词farm，先行词是定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词