人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义必修三Unit4AstronomyTheScienceoftheStars

第一部分基础知识必修三Unit4Astronomy:TheScienceoftheStars1．了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源，了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探求科学的热情。2．了解作者的写作特点，培养创造性思维，开拓广阔的想象空间。Dohenslayeggsfirstoreggsgivebirthtochicksfirst?Whoexistearlieronearth?It'sapuzzleofbiology.Nophysicistwouldcheerupattheproblem.Areyouinterestedinastronomyorsolarsystem?DoyoubelieveinthetheoryofBigBang?WillviolentBigBangbreakout?Whatpreventsusfromtakinginmoreoxygen?Peoplebelievinginreligionwon'tbelievethereisharmfulacidintheatmosphere.Unlikethem,weknowthattherearebillionsofatomswhicharefundamentaltotheglobe.Thus,theygathertobemassesoflivingthings.Theywillmultiplyintimewhentheclimateissuitable.Withoutgravity,satelliteandfloatingspaceshipwillcrash.Nowthatwehavesomanypuzzles,weshouldwatchoutforthesurroundingsaroundus.1.intime及时；终于2.layeggs下蛋3.existvi.存在；生存4.givebirthto产生；分娩5.inone'sturn轮到某人；接着6.prevent...from阻止；制止7.breakout突发；爆发8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防1.和他们不同的是，我们知道有无数对地球至关重要的原子。Unlikethem,weknowthattherearebillionsofatomswhicharefundamentaltotheglobe.2.既然我们有那么多的疑惑，那么就让我们关注周围的环境吧。Nowthatwehavesomanypuzzles,weshouldwatchoutforthesurroundingsaroundus. ★astronomyn．天文学★systemn．系统；体系；制度★religionn．宗教；宗教信仰★theoryn．学说；理论★billionpron.&n．&adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿★globen．球体；地球仪；地球★violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的★atmospheren．大气层；气氛★multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加★thusadv.因此；于是★puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难★biologyn．生物学★biologistn．生物学家★gravityn．万有引力；重力★satelliten．卫星；人造卫星★gentleadj.温和的；文雅的★blockout挡住(光线)★climaten．气候★crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落★spaceshipn．宇宙飞船★pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力★cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋★floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物★massn．质量；团；块；大量；<复>群众★unlikeprep.不同；不像★harmfuladj.有害的★physicistn．物理学家★fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的一、重点单词需牢记1．unlikeprep.和……不同；不像adj.[作表语]不相似；不同like作动词意为“喜欢”，作介词意为“像”；dislike是个动词，意为“不喜欢”；unlike是个介词，意为“与……不像，不同，相反”；alike可以作形容词或者副词，意为“一样的，相同的”。Theyarelikebrothersandsisters.他们就像兄弟姐妹一样。Mymotherdislikes(likes)seeingyouwithmetogether.我母亲(不)喜欢看到你我在一起。Unlikeme,myhusbandlikestostayuplate.我丈夫与我相反，他喜欢熬夜。Thetwinsdon'tlookatallalike.这对双胞胎一点也不像。2.harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto＝doharmto(vt.)对……有害Thehighlevelofunemploymenthasproducedharmfulsocialconsequence.高失业率产生了很坏的社会影响。Themajorityofpeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealth.大多数人相信吸烟对身体有害。donoharm无害doharmtosb.对……有害meannoharm没有恶意Ourdogwon'tharmyou.我们的狗不会伤害你的。Thedroughtdidalotofharmtothecrops.干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。Imeannoharmtoher.我对她并无恶意。begoodfor＝dogoodto对……有好处3.existvi.存在；生存existin存在于……之中existon靠……为生Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……(就近原则)Thecustomofarrangedmarriagesstillexistsinmanycountries.许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。existencen．存在；生存existingadj.目前的，现存的eintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在inexistence现存的；现有的ManypeoplebegantodoubtwhetherthereexistsGodornot.很多人开始怀疑上帝是否存在。4.puzzlevt.使迷惑n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/为难 sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人对……感到迷惑puzzleabout/oversth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索puzzleone'sbrain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzlingabouthowtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem.这些科学家一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.困惑的；感到迷惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解5.pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力YoupushandI'llpull.你来推，我来拉。Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。pulloff脱(衣、帽等)pulldown拆毁；摧毁pullthrough康复，完成；使渡过难关pullout离站；抽出，取出pullin(火车)进站pullover路边停车pullup停车6.cheervt.&vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheersb.on为某人加油 cheer(sb.)up(使某人)更高兴或更快活ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。cheerfuladj.高兴的cheerlessadj.不高兴的7.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁？layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)1．lay有两个常见意思：一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。2．lie有三个主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三个意思时，均为不及物动词。laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子动词原形意义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺；卧；位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlaying二、重点短语需精通1.intime及时；终于intimetodosth.正赶上做某事ontime准时；按时innotime立即；马上atnotime绝不(放在句首，句子需倒装)atatime一次；每次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时attimes有时allthetime一直takeone'stime别着急；慢慢来fromtimetotime偶尔Brianusuallygetshomeintimetobaththechildren.布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。Ifyoucan'tarrivethereontime，youshouldwarnthem.如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。We'lldoupyourcarinnotimeatall.我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。2.inone'sturn轮到某人；接着Iwill,inmyturn,cleanthewindownextweek.下周轮到我擦窗户了。ThisweekIamtodothehouseworkinmyturn.这一周该我做家务了。Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做……inturn依次byturns轮流taketurnstodo轮流做某事3.prevent...from阻止；制止Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow'sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事protect...from...保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御keep...doingsth.使……一直做某事(2)翻译句子警察阻止他们携带武器。The__police__prevented/stopped/kept__them__from__carrying__weapons.__(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。Theywerepreventedbyillnessfromtakingtheexam.他们因病未能参加考试。4.breakout突发；爆发Itwasalmostmidnightthatafirebrokeoutintheneighborhood.昨天快半夜时这附近发生了火灾。WorldWarⅡbrokeoutin1939.第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。breakawayfrom脱离(党派)；摆脱(控制)breakthrough突破breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败breakup打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止；中断；折断breakinto强行进入(某处)breakin闯入；打断5.watchout密切注视；当心；提防Iadvisedthemtowatchoutforslickspotsonthesidewalk.我叫他们当心人行道上路滑的地方。You'llbecheatedifyoudon'twatchout.如果你不小心，就会上当受骗。watchoutforsb./sth.警惕或注意某人/事物 watchover保护；照看三、重点句式能熟用1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命有可能开始发展了。makeitpossibletodosth.意为“使……成为可能”，possible作宾语补足语，it是形式宾语，代替真正的动词不定式作宾语。it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：①不定式②v.－ing形式③宾语从句Theydidn'tfinditverydifficulttowritelettersinChinese.他们发现用汉语写信不是很难。(it代替不定式)Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有好处。(it代替v.－ing形式)Theparentsthinkitapitythattheirdaughterdidn'tpasstheexamination.父母认为他们的女儿没通过考试是个遗憾。(it代替从句)it作形式宾语时，需要具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式，v.－ing形式或从句。②有宾语补足语。2.Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。nowthat是连词，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句。Yououghttohaveagoodrestnowthatyou'vefinishedthework.既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。nowthat与inthat的区别(1)二者都可引导原因状语从句，但语义不一样。nowthat相当于since，意为“既然”，语气较弱。(2)inthat相当于because，意为“因为；在……方面”。 四、话题写作多积累训练十四：写投诉信投诉信，主要用于因某件事情未受到应有的待遇而投诉某人或某单位。投诉信需要如实反映的情况：投诉者的相关信息，如姓名、联系等；被投诉者的相关信息，名称、地址、联系方式等。必须要说清楚的就是投诉的事由，事由必须是真实发生的，不可虚构。第一段：表明自己的身份，说明写信目的：因何事投诉何人或机构。虽然写信者往往是受害者，但是言辞之间一定要注意说话的语气，用词一定要礼貌。第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的原因，可适当描述产生问题的经过及问题带来的后果。第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。该部分更应遵循书信的礼貌原则，可以用类似“如果你能……，我将十分感激”等等类似的表达方式。注意不可向对方提出过分或者无理的要求。(1)段首常用语：Iamwritingtomakeaplaintabout...Iwouldliketodrawyourattentiontotheproblem...IamwritingtoinformyouthatIfind...unsatisfactory.Iwishtoexpressmydissatisfaction/disappointmentabout...(2)段尾常用语：Itwouldbehighlyappreciatedifyoucould...Ibelieveyouwilltakemyplaintsseriouslyand...Iwouldliketogetthismattersettledbytheendofthismonth.Icouldnotbemoresatisfiedifyoucankindly...Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucould...【例1】用like的相关词汇填空①Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests'likesand__dislikes__．②Herlatestnovelisquite__unlike__herearlierwork.③Ifyougoonlikethatyou'llgetyourself__disliked__(like)．④Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,__unlike__manyofthestudents.⑤She__likes__(like)playingthepiano.【例2】(1)完成句子①Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis__harmful__toyourhealth. ②Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo__harm__totheirgrowth.(2)翻译句子在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。Reading__in__the__sun__does__a__lot__of__harm__to__your__eyes.__＝Reading__in__the__sun__does__your__eyes__a__lot__of__harm.__＝Reading__in__the__sun__is__very__harmful__to__your__eyes.____domoreharmthangood弊大于利thereisnoharmindoing做某事无害(反而带来某些好处)Theymaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminaskingthem.他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。【例3】用exist或其相关短语的适当形式填空。①Thisplant__exists__only__in__Australia.②Canyou__exist__on__suchalowsalary?③Idoubtthe__existence__(exist)ofalien.④There__exists__(exist)warm－heartedpersoneverywhere.⑤Nowadays，there'restillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearthcameinto__existence__(exist).类似用法：therestand...；Thereappear...；thereseem...如：Therestoodatempleintheforest.以前在这片森林中有座庙。【例4】用puzzle的适当形式完成句子①Toexplainthe__puzzling__(puzzle)findings,heofferstwotheories.②I__am__puzzled__(puzzle)thatIhaven?theardfromLizforsolong.③Shelistenedwitha__puzzled__(puzzle)expressiononherface.④Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe__puzzle__(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.⑤He__was__puzzled__(puzzle)whattodonext.⑥__What__puzzles__me__(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.【例5】用pull相关短语的适当形式填空①Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas__pulling__out__．②He__pulled__out__agunandaimedatthecriminal.③Solongaswe__pull__together,__there'snomountaintopwecan'tconquer.drag和pulldrag拖拉(笨重、阻力很大的)东西；缓慢而吃力地行进；慢吞吞地进行。pull拉，拔(为普通用语)。【例6】用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空①Yourvisithasgreatly__cheered__himup.②Thecrowd__cheered__therunners__on__astheystartedthelastlap.③Youlookasthoughyouneed__cheering__up.④Hewasgreatly__cheered__bythenews.【例7】用lay相关短语的适当形式填空①Thebird__lays__itseggsinotherbirds'nests.②Heisapoliticalleaderthat__lays__great__stress__on__(非常强调)individualresponsibility.③He__lays/putssomemoney__aside__forrainydays.【例1】用time的相关短语填空①Theysentthemailtomejust__in__time__beforeIleft.②Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust__in__time__fortheplaywastobeon.③Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin__in__no__time__．④__At__no__time__willIgiveup.⑤Theboylaughedandcried__at__the__same__time__．⑥__At__one__time__hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.⑦Don'ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit__at__a__time__．⑧You'llhaveyourownofficesoon,but__for__the__time__being__you'llhavetoshareonewithme.【例2】(1)用turn的相关短语填空Shewenthotandcold__by__turns__．(2)翻译句子①我们轮流着开车。We__drove__the__car__by__turns/in__turn.__＝We__took__turns__to__drive__the__car.②今天轮到谁发言了？Whose__turn__is__it__to__give__a__speech__today?__【例3】(1)根据汉语提示完成句子①Doctorstookactionto__prevent/stop/keep__the__disease__from__spreading__(防止这种疾病的蔓延)．②OfcourseIcan't__prevent/stop__(阻止)yourgoingabroad.【例4】用break的相关短语填空①Aterribletsunami__broke__out__inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas，2004.②Whendoyou__break__up__forChristmas?③Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave__broken__down__．④Hishousewas__broken__into__lastweek.breakout强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。【例5】用watch的相关短语填空①Theremusthavebeenanangel__watching__over__methatday.②WhatproblemsshouldIwatch__out__forwhenbuyinganoldhouse?③You'llbeeanalcoholicifyoudon't__watch__out__.【例1】(1)根据汉语提示完成句子①We__make__it__a__rule__(规定)togetupat6o'clockeverymorning.②I__find__it__hard__(发现很难)togetalongwithhim.(2)翻译句子①他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。He__found__it__impossible__to__leave__Germany__for__the__USA.__②我觉得我有责任帮助你。I__think/find/feel/consider__it__my__duty__to__help__you.常用it作形式宾语的动词有：think，consider，believe，feel，find等等。【例2】完成句子①既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。__Now__that__youaregrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.②既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。__Now__that__Iamfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.③他因为有病，没有参加会议。Hedidn'tattendthemeeting__in__that__hewasill.(2017四川绵阳第三次诊断)假如你是李华，是一家外国售书网站的常客。上周在这家网站上买了两本书，收到后发现其中一本有很多问题，现用英文给公司写一封投诉邮件，并包括以下内容：1.事件缘由；2.主要问题：封面(cover)破损、缺页、有些字迹不清；3.处理要求。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件首尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSir/Madam，Iamaregularcustomerofyourbookshop.Generally,IamquitesatisfiedwithwhatI'vegotfromyou,butwhathappenedlastweekchangedallthat.Iboughttwobooksfromyoulastweek,butafterIunwrappedtheparcelIfoundthatoneofthemisinterriblypoorcondition.Thefrontcoveristorn,someofthepagesaremissingandtheprintinmanyplacesarenotclear.I'vebeenlongingtoreadthebookanddon'twanttogiveitupeasily.SoI'dlikeyoutoreplaceitwithanewone.AlsoIwantyoutopayfortheshippingofthebrokenoneifyouwanttotakeitback.Sincerely，LiHua第一段：写明要投诉的问题，要注意说话语气，用词一定要礼貌。第二段：写明投诉原因、产生问题的经过及问题带来的后果。第三段：提出解决方案。考向一在语法填空中设题(2017全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,__1__(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover__2__top.【答案】1.laying考查动词的－ing形式。根据句子结构可知，谓语动词included后有三个并列宾语，故此处要用动词的－ing形式作宾语。2.the考查冠词。此处特指在地铁的顶部，故要用定冠词the。计策2：了解连词and的作用考向二在阅读理解中考查“科普文章”(2017全国卷Ⅱ，C)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight,bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1，400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23－gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10，000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost$279，000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahasecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.2.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.3.What'sthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFirstFlightC.Pilots'DreamingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国Terrafugia公司所设计的飞行汽车Transition，它已经完成了第一次飞行。人们一直在制造飞行汽车，这在不久的未来将成为现实。1.A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中第二句话可知，这辆飞行汽车有2个座位；4个轮子。在路上每分钟能够达到70英里；在飞行时能达到115英里；在空中每小时能够燃烧5加仑的汽油，在地面上每1加仑跑35英里。从这些具体的数字中可以判断出，此段主要就Transition的基本数据进行说明。故选A。有些同学会错选D，认为是“Transition车的设计者”，显然这只是根据此段第一句的内容而得出的答案，解答此题要能够从整体来把握，这是关键。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中倒数第三句话中的$279，000.可知，不要期望Transition车在许多车道出现，因为它预计价格在$279，000，显然这种车是很昂贵的。3.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段中第三句话可知，政府已经允许公司使用特殊的材料让这种车飞起来更容易。同时从第四段中的第一句话可知，Terrafugia公司还得到联邦航空管理局的帮助，从这些信息可以判断出，政府对这种车是“赞成的”。故选B。而cautious意为“谨慎的”；ambiguous意为“模棱两可的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的；反对的”，均不符合文章的意思。4.D标题归纳题。根据整篇文章可知，这篇文章围绕着飞行汽车来进行说明，同时根据第三段中第二句话可知，Terrafugia公司已经让飞行汽车成为现实更接近每一个人。计策1：了解lie，lay的各种形式变化计策1：抓住科普类文章的首段呈现的整体信息作为解题的方向指引计策2：抓住文章中呈现的数据信息作为解题的有力助手计策3：“串线摘帽”找主旨即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。①主旨题的标志：mainlyabout，mainlydiscuss，thebesttitle。②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章；针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)③小心首段陷阱。④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：a．局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；b．范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。一、词汇拓展1.systemn．系统；体系；制度→systematicadj.系统的3.violentadj.猛烈的→__violence__n．暴力→__violently__adv.猛烈地4.unlikeprep.不同；不像→__like__prep.像→__dislike__v.&n．不喜欢5.explorevt.探险；考察→__exploration__n．探险6.advancen．前进v．使向前移动→__advanced__adj.先进的7.phenomenonn．现象→__phenomena__pl.(复数)8.religionn．宗教→__religious__adj.宗教的9.billion十亿→__million__百万10.globen．地球→__global__adj.地球的11.exhaustvt.耗尽→__exhausted__adj.疲惫的12.astronautn．航天员→__spaceman__n．宇航员；外星人→__cosmonaut__n．宇航员；航天员13.astronomyn．天文学→__astronomer__天文学家14.biologyn．生物学→__biologist__生物学家→__biological__adj.生物学的15.gentleadj.温和文雅的→__gently__adv.温柔地→__gentleman__先生；绅士16.physicsn．物理→__physicist__物理学家→__physical__物理的；身体的(mentally精神的)→__physician__医生，内科医生17.fundamentn．基础→__fundamental__adj.基础的18.giftn．赠品；天赋；礼物→__gifted__adj.有天资的，有天赋的二、单句语法填空1.Thenaughtyboy__lied__(lie)tomethatthehenthat__lay__(lie)therejustnowhad__laid__(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.2.Inmyopinion,__prevention__(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.3.SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof__violence__(violent)andsex.4.Withthe__development__(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.5.Chinaisa__developing__(develop)countrybelongingtothethirdworld.6.Thereare__fundamental__(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.7.Hisambitionistobeeagreat__physicist__(physics)．8.There__exists__(exist)nolifeintheriverbecauseithasbeenpolluted.9.Hefelt__puzzled__(puzzle)whenheaskedsuchacuriousquestion.10.Whenshelookedupwhilewalking,shenoticedthatabeautifulcloudwas__floating__(float)inthesky.三、用短语的适当形式填空prevent...from,doharmto,blockout,watchoutfor,cheerup,getthehangof,nowthat,breakout,givebirthto,befundamentalto,intime,layeggs1．Theheavyrain__prevented__us__from__goingtoschoolyesterday.2．Ifwedon'thurryup,wewon't__in__time__tocatchtheearlytrain.3.Thetallbuilding__blocked/blocks__out__ourlight.4．Cheer__up__!Theresultisnottoobad.Iwrotethatsongjustto__cheer__myself__up.5．Now__thatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you'dbetterhavearest.6．It'sdifficultforaforeignerto__get__the__hang__of__Englishidioms.7．Afire__broke__out__inthisfactorylastnight.8.Don'tdisturbher.She__gave__birth__to__ababylastnightandnowsheisasleep.9．Theweatherhaschangedsofrequentlyandyoumust__watch__out__for__catchingcold.10．Readinginthesunwill__do__harm__to__youreyes.11．Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwast