Unit 3NaturalDisasters DiscoveringUsefulStructures(分层作业)高一英语必修（人教版2019第二册）

Unit3DiscoveringUsefulStructures习题检测基础达标一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．Sincetheoutbreakoftheflood,foodsupplies(运输)tothefloodstrickenareas.【答案】havebeentransported2．Hehasbeen(录取)toPekingUniversity.【答案】admitted3．Oneofthe(功能)ofthemachineistoprovideinformationaboutyourenvironment.【答案】functions4．Thelandaroundherehasneverbeen(开垦；种植),soweneedalotoffarming.【答案】cultivated5．She’sbeen(禁止)fromleavingGreecewhiletheallegationsareinvestigated.【答案】banned6．Pressthegreen(按钮)andyoucanstartthemachine.【答案】button7．Sofar,manyyoungmenbythefamousathlete,SuBingtian,tofightfortheirdreams.(激励)【答案】havebeeninspired8．Forconveniencehesavedhisdocumentsindifferentfolders(文件夹)onhisputer.【答案】file9．Thegamehasalreadybeen(推迟)threetimesbecauseofbadweather.【答案】postponed10．Don’tforgettotakeafewspare(电池)whentravelling.【答案】batteries11．Largeareasofcountrysidehavebeen(吞并)upbytowns.【答案】swallowed12．Tomydisappointment,thedeliveryhasbeen(推迟)duetothebadweather.【答案】delayed13．HowcanIresistifyou(逼迫)upagainstmelikethat?【答案】press14．Allthewheathasbeen(收割)inbeforeitrained.【答案】harvested15．I’mwritingto(确认)thebookngforasingleroomforthenightofJanuary30.【答案】confirm二、用单词的适当形式完成句子16．Onthefirstday,Ishouldliketoseethebookswhich(read)tome,andwhichhaverevealedtomethedeepestchannelsofhumanlifeandthehumanspirit.【答案】havebeenread17．ThetriptoPeru(schedule)tobeginnextmonth.【答案】isscheduled/hasbeenscheduled18．Sincethesetechnologiescanimproveefficiencybymorethan50%,they(apply)totheindustrialprocessinaprehensivemannerinthepastfewyears.【答案】havebeenapplied19．Threewomenandtheirchildren(rescue)fromtheburninghousebythefiremensincethefirebrokeout.【答案】havebeenrescued20．Sixsportsteams(select)totakepartinthisyear’sbasketballfinalsofar.【答案】havebeenselected21．Thankstothenewtechnology,costs(reduce)by30%overthepastyear.【答案】havebeenreduced22．Thecase(investigate)foroversixweeks.【答案】hasbeeninvestigated23．Thehistoricalinfluenceoftheexplorationineveryperiods(ment)sofar.【答案】hasbeenmented24．Thisisoneofthefarthestplacesthat(explore)sofarinthatcountry.【答案】havebeenexplored25．Recently,forvariousreasons,ourlivingenvironment(pollute)worseandworse.【答案】hasbeenpolluted三、句型转换:将下列句子转换为被动语态。26．Wehavenotfoundawaytodealwiththesituationyet.→todealwiththesituationyet.【答案】Awayhasnotbeenfound【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们还没有找到处理这种情况的办法。改为同义句，即将原句改为被动语态，原句用的是现在完成时，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。27．MyfriendhasboughtanewsmartphonemadeinChina.→bymyfriend.【答案】AnewsmartphonemadeinChinahasbeenbought【详解】考查语态。句意：我的朋友买了一部中国制造的新智能。由bymyfriend可知，将句子改为被动语态，原句用的是现在完成时，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。28．Theteamhasdevelopedakindofintelligentrobot.→bytheteam.【答案】Akindofintelligentrobothasbeendeveloped【详解】考查语态。句意：这个团队已经开发出一种智能机器人。29．Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmyputer.→byanunknownvirus.【答案】Myputerhasjustbeenattacked【详解】考查被动语态。句意：一种未知的病毒刚刚攻击了我的电脑。根据后文byanunknownvirus，将原句转换为被动语态，动作的承受者myputer作主语，谓语动词hasjustattacked改为现在完成时的被动语态。30．Thehero’staleshaveinspiredmanyexplorerstosearchforsearoutes.【答案】Manyexplorershavebeeninspiredbythehero’stalestosearchforsearoutes.【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：许多探险家受到英雄故事的鼓舞，开始寻找海上航线。分析题干可知，此句为现在完成时主动语态，改成被动语态时，句子结构为：主语+have/hasbeendone+bysb/sth+其他成分.31．Theresearchershaveprogrammedthoserobotstoteachmathlessonsandanswerquestionsindifferentlanguages.【答案】Thoserobotshavebeenprogrammedbytheresearcherstoteachmathlessonsandanswerquestionsindifferentlanguages.【详解】考查被动语态。句意：研究人员对这些机器人进行了编程，用不同的语言教授数学课和回答问题。此处改为被动语态。32．Sinceitsopening,themuseumhasattractedover5millionvisitorsallovertheworld.【答案】Sinceitsopening,over5millionvisitorsallovertheworldhavebeenattractedbythemuseum.【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自开馆以来，该博物馆已吸引了全世界500多万游客。33．Jameshascollectedmorethan2,000dollarsinthepastfivemonths.【答案】Morethan2,000dollarshasbeencollectedbyJamesinthepastfivemonths.【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在过去的五个月里，詹姆斯已经筹集了2000多美元。根据提示可知，此处需将主动语态改为被动语态，其规则为：主变宾、宾变主、do变bedone。34．Theyhavetranslatedthebookintomorethantwentylanguages.Thebookintomorethantwentylanguages.【答案】hasbeentranslated【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这本书已被翻译成二十多种语言。主从语态变被动语态时，原来的宾语thebook变成主语，现在完成时变为现在完成时的被动语态。35．Toputoutthemountainfires,Chongqingcitizenshavedonatedmanysupplies.【答案】ManysupplieshavebeendonatedbyChongqingcitizenstoputoutthemountainfires.Toputoutthemountainfires,manysupplieshavebeendonatedbyChongqingcitizens.【详解】考查被动语态。句意：为了扑灭山火，重庆市民捐赠了许多物资。主动句改为被动句的最常用的方法就是将主语和宾语互换，并将谓语动词变为被动式。四、汉译英：根据下面的提示完成小短文。1.在过去的几十年里，互联网得到了很大的改善。2.迄今为止，很多新软件被开发出来并被应用于互联网。3.很多功能也被添加到互联网中，这让人们的生活更方便。4.很多搜索引擎也已经被开发出来，人们可以从大数据库中查找最新的信息。5.互联网极大地改变了人们的生活。【答案】TheInternethasbeengreatlyimprovedinthepastdecadesofyears.Sofar,alotofnewsoftwarehasbeendevelopedandappliedtotheInternet.ManyfunctionshavebeenaddedtotheInternet,whichhasmadepeople’slivesmoreconvenient.Manysearchengineshavebeendeveloped,andpeoplecanlookupthemostupdatedinformationfromlargedatabases.People’sliveshavebeengreatlychangedbytheInternet.能力提升五、完形填空Nowadaysputershavebeeanimportantpartinourdailylife.We37intouchwithourfriendsthroughQQ,wewritemanyshortpiecesaboutthewonderfulthingsweare38byclickingthekeyboard,andsometimeswealso39puterstodobusiness.putershavechangedour40inmanyaspects.However,hereestheproblem:wearetoo41onputers.Itis42tofindthatlotsofpeoplealwaysmakemanymistakesinwritingwithapen,andsomeofthemevenhave43theirinspiration(灵感)becausetheyhavegotusedto44articlesfromputers.Thereisno45thatputershavemadeagreatcontributiontoimprovingour46oflife,makingiteasierandmoreconvenient,butweshouldn’tignorethe47ofkeepingourabilitytodothingswithourownhead.Oneday,48wouldseemtobeeverywhere,butwewouldsuffer(遭受)alotifwebeetoodependentonthem.Imaginethatina(n)49whereyouarerequiredtowriteapaperwithyourpen.50,youfindyourselfunabletorememberthe51spellingsofseveralwords,orthatyoucannotgetyourownideaswithoutsearchingforinformationfromaputer,andthatwouldputyouintoanxiety.Inshort,wearealltoodependentonputersnowadays,andobviouslythisisnotagoodthing.Itmayaddtoourlaziness.Nowthatwehavealreadyrealizedthat,itistimeforustodosomethingtochangeit.37．A．fail B．keep C．succeed D．end38．A．worriedabout B．boredwith C．sorryfor D．interestedin39．A．use B．explore C．switch D．restart40．A．habit B．hobby C．life D．mind41．A．hard B．keen C．dependent D．afraid42．A．surprising B．exciting C．satisfying D．inspiring43．A．showed B．discovered C．improved D．lost44．A．creating B．choosing C．copying D．stealing45．A．doubt B．reason C．secret D．problem46．A．direction B．quality C．length D．type47．A．possibility B．importance C．condition D．chance48．A．letters B．emails C．messages D．puters49．A．state B．way C．case D．event50．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Moreover51．A．same B．correct C．mon D．special【答案】37．B38．D39．A40．C41．C42．A43．D44．C45．A46．B47．B48．D49．C50．A51．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了电脑给我们带来便利的同时也造成了许多问题。37．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们通过QQ与朋友保持联系，我们通过点击键盘写下许多话语，讲述我们感兴趣的美好事物，有时我们还用电脑做生意。A.fail失败；B.keep保持；C.succeed成功；D.end结束。根据上文“Nowadaysputershavebeeanimportantpartinourdailylife.”可知，电脑是我们生活的重要部分，所以人们应该是通过QQ与朋友保持联系。38．D考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A.worriedabout担心；B.boredwith厌烦；C.sorryfor因为……而抱歉；D.interestedin对……感兴趣。根据上文“wewritemanyshortpiecesaboutthewonderfulthings”可知，这里指每天会记录下来我们感兴趣的美好的事情。39．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A.use使用；B.explore探索；C.switch变换；D.restart重启。根据下文“todobusiness”可知，这里指用电脑去做生意。40．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑已经改变了我们生活的许多方面。A.habit习惯；B.hobby爱好；C.life生活；D.mind思想。根据上文“Nowadaysputershavebeeanimportantpartinourdailylife.We1intouchwithourfriendsthroughQQ,wewritemanyshortpiecesaboutthewonderfulthingsweare2byclickingthekeyboard,andsometimeswealso3puterstodobusiness.”可知，电脑已经改变了我们生活的许多方面。41．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这里有一些问题：我们太依赖电脑了。A.hard困难的；B.keen喜爱的；C.dependent依赖的；D.afraid害怕的。根据下文“Itis6tofindthatlotsofpeoplealwaysmakemanymistakesinwritingwithapen,andsomeofthemevenhave7theirinspiration(灵感)becausetheyhavegotusedto8articlesfromputers.”可知，这里指人们现在对大脑的依赖很大。42．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们吃惊地发现很多人在用钢笔写字时总是会犯很多错误，并且其中一些人甚至丢失了自己的灵感，因为他们已经习惯了在电脑上拷贝文章。A.surprising令人吃惊的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.satisfying令人满意的；D.inspiring令人鼓舞的。根据下文“thatlotsofpeoplealwaysmakemanymistakesinwritingwithapen,andsomeofthemevenhave7theirinspiration(灵感)becausetheyhavegotusedto8articlesfromputers.”可知，人们现在对电脑的依赖程度是很令人吃惊的。故选A。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A.showed表明，展示；B.discovered发现；C.improved改善；D.lost丢失。根据上文“However,hereestheproblem:wearetoo5onputers.”可知，这里提到的都是使用电脑的坏处，所以应该是人们失去了写作灵感。44．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A.creating创造；B.choosing选择；C.copying拷贝；D.stealing偷。根据下文“articlesfromputers”可知，这里指人们从电脑上拷贝文章。45．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，电脑对改善我们的生活质量做出了巨大的贡献，使生活变得更简单、更方便，但我们不应该忽视保持自己头脑做事能力的重要性。A.doubt怀疑；B.reason原因；C.secret秘密；D.problem问题。根据下文“putershavemadeagreatcontributiontoimprovingour10oflife,makingiteasierandmoreconvenient”可知，计算机对改善我们的生活质量做出了巨大的贡献，使生活变得更简单、更方便，这是毫无疑问的事情。46．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A.direction方向；B.quality质量；C.length长度；D.type类型。根据下文“makingiteasierandmoreconvenient”可知，电脑提高了人们的生活质量。47．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A.possibility可能；B.importance重要；C.condition状况；D.chance机会。根据上文“Thereisno9thatputershavemadeagreatcontributiontoimprovingour10oflife,makingiteasierandmoreconvenient,butweshouldn’tignore”可知，虽然电脑提高了人们的生活质量，但是我们仍然不能忽略使用自己大脑做事情的重要性。48．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，电脑会无处不在，但如果我们变得过于依赖他们，我们会承受很多（意想不到之苦）。A.letters信；B.emails邮件；C.messages信息；D.puters电脑。根据下文“ifwebeetoodependentonthem”可知，这里指将来电脑会无处不在。49．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，你被要求用笔写一篇论文。A.state状况；B.way方法；C.case案例，情况；D.event事件。根据下文“whereyouarerequiredtowriteapaperwithyourpen”可知，这是一种情况，where引导定语从句，先行词是case，指抽象地点。50．A考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你会发现自己记不住几个正确的单词拼写，或者在不从电脑中搜索信息的情况下无法获得自己的想法，这会让你感到焦虑。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides此外；D.Moreover而且。根据上文“Imaginethatina(n)13whereyouarerequiredtowriteapaperwithyourpen.”和下文“youfindyourselfunabletorememberthe15spellingsofseveralwords,orthatyoucannotgetyourownideaswithoutsearchingforinformationfromaputer,andthatwouldputyouintoanxiety.”可知，上下文是转折的关系。51．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A.same相同的；B.correct正确的；C.mon共同的；D.special特别的。根据上文“youfindyourselfunabletoremember”可知，这里指因为过多的使用电脑，导致人们记不住几个正确的单词拼写。拓展延伸六、阅读理解AWhenyou’resurfingtheInternetonyourlaptopfromyourdormorhome,doyouknowyourpersonaldetailsarebeinggatheredsecretly?Andwouldyoubesurprisedtoknowtheinformationmaybesoldcheaplytoadvertisersandmarketers?AccordingtoaninvestigationbyTheWallStreetJournal,allittakesisatinyfileinaputer—asinglecodeconsistingofalongseriesofnumbersandletters—torecordtheputeruser’sage,gender,location,favoritemoviesandhobbies.ThenewspaperreportsthatLotameSolutionsInc.,aNewYorkpany,usessophisticated(高科技)softwarecalleda“beacon”tocapturewhatpeoplearetypingonawebsite.Lotamepackagesthatdataintoprofiles(个人资料)aboutindividuals,onlywithouttheirnames,andsellstheprofilestopaniesseekingcustomers.Batchesofsuchdatamaybesoldforafewdollars.TheWallStreetJournalsurveydiscoveredthatspyingonInternetusersisoneofthefastestgrowingbusinessesontheWorldWideWeb.The“cookie”—atinytextfileputonyourPCbywebsitesormarketingfirmswhichmightbeusedtorememberyourpreferencesforonesite,ortotrackyouacrossmanysitesisalreadyoldnews.Therearenewandmoreplextoolssuchas“beacons”whichscaninrealtimewhatpeoplearedoingonawebpage.ThesebeaconsinstantlyassesstheInternetuser’slocation,ine,shoppinginterestsandevenmedicalconditions.MillionsofInternetusersaroundtheworldalsofaceunprecedented(空前的)threats.Private,sensitive,personalandbusinessinformationisbeinggatheredandsoldwithouttheirknowledge.paniesinsisttheinformationtheygatherisanonymousandthedataisusedharmlessly.ButthetechnologyhasgrownsopowerfulthatevensomeofthebiggestwebsitesintheUSdon’tknowthattheywereinstallingintrusivefilesonvisitors’puters.TheseincludeMSNandYahoo.Nexttimeyouvisitawebpageandfindanadbanneradvertisingsomethingyou’vebeenplanningtobuy,don’tbeamazedthatyourputercanreadyourmind.(2020年高考真题)52．Thepurposeofthepassageisto_________.

.A．introduceatinyfileinaputerasinglecodeB．showhowyourindividualinformationwasletoutwhenyousurftheInternetC．showhowtoprotectyourprivacyD．introduceasophisticatedsoftwarecalleda“beacon”53．AllofthefollowingstatementsareWrongexcept_________.A．Lotamesellstheprofilesaboutindividualstopaniesseekingcustomerswiththeirage,gender,location,hobbiesandnamesB．spyingonInternetusersisthefastestgrowingbusinessesontheWorldWideWebC．someofthebiggestwebsitesintheUSknowtheywereinstallingintrusivefilesonvisitors’putersD．atinyfileinaputer—asinglecodeconsistingofalongseriesofnumbersandletterscanrecordusers’information54．Itcanbeinferredthat___________.A．becausethedataisusedharmlessly,InternetusersaroundtheworldwillnotfacethreatsB．whenapersonsurftheInternet,hispersonaldetailsmaybeletoutwithouthisknowledgeC．yourputercanreallyreadyourmindD．MSNandsoftwaretocapturewhatpeoplearetypingonawebsite55．Accordingtothepassage,“beacon”____________.A．isatinytextfileputonyourPCbywebsitesB．isasoftwarethatcanpackagethatdataintoprofilesaboutindividualsC．canassesstheInternetuser’slocation,ine,shoppinginterestsandevenmedicalconditionsD．isnotmoreplexthanthe“cookie”56．What’sthewriter’sattitudetothisproblem?A．Neutral B．Worried C．Optimistic D．Indifferent【答案】52．B53．D54．B55．C56．B【导语】D本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们当我们在宿舍或在家上网时，我们的个人信息包括一些隐私的活敏感的信息正在被悄悄的收集并销售；一些公司运用一些设备如“信标”能够即时获取网络用户的信息；而销售从网上利益收集的个人信息已经成为一个迅速崛起的行业；虽然这些公司宣称销售的信息是匿名信息，但是这种技术如此强大甚至一些大的公司独不知道被入侵。52．B推理判断题。根据第一段的“Whenyou’resurfingtheInternetonyourlaptopfromyourdormorhome,doyouknowyourpersonaldetailsarebeinggatheredsecretly?Andwouldyoubesurprisedtoknowtheinformationmaybesoldcheaplytoadvertisersandmarketers?(当你在宿舍或家里用笔记本电脑上网时，你知道你的个人信息正在被秘密收集吗？如果你知道这些信息可能被廉价出售给广告商和营销商，你会感到惊讶吗？)”以及第二段的“AccordingtoaninvestigationbyTheWallStreetJournal,allittakesisatinyfileinaputer—asinglecodeconsistingofalongseriesofnumbersandletters—torecordtheputeruser’sage,gender,location,favoritemoviesandhobbies.(根据华尔街日报的一项调查，只需要电脑中的一个小文件——由一长串数字和字母组成的单一代码——就可以记录电脑用户的年龄、性别、所在地、喜爱的电影和爱好。)”可知，本文主要讲的是用户的信息如何在网上被泄露的，因为文章的主要目的是告知用户你的信息在你上网时已经被泄露了。53．D细节理解题。根据第二段的“AccordingtoaninvestigationbyTheWallStreetJournal,allittakesisatinyfileinaputer—asinglecodeconsistingofalongseriesofnumbersandletters—torecordtheputeruser’sage,gender,location,favoritemoviesandhobbies.(根据华尔街日报的一项调查，只需要电脑中的一个小文件——由一长串数字和字母组成的单一代码——就可以记录电脑用户的年龄、性别、所在地、喜爱的电影和爱好。)”可知，只需要单一的代码就能够记录用户的相关信息。54．B推理判断题。根据第五段的“MillionsofInternetusersaroundtheworldalsofaceunprecedented(空前的)threats.Private,sensitive,personalandbusinessinformationisbeinggatheredandsoldwithouttheirknowledge.(全球数百万互联网用户也面临前所未有的威胁。私人、敏感、个人和商业信息在他们不知情的情况下被收集和出售。)”可知，许多用户在上网时，他们的个人信息就不知不觉地被收集了。55．C细节理解题。根据第四段的“ThesebeaconsinstantlyassesstheInternetuser’slocation,ine,shoppinginterestsandevenmedicalconditions.(这些信标即时评估网络用户的位置、收入、购物兴趣甚至医疗情况。)”可知，这些信标是可以评估用户的位置、收入、购物兴趣以及医疗情况等。56．B推理判断题。根据第五段的“MillionsofInternetusersaroundtheworldalsofaceunprecedented(空前的)threats.Private,sensitive,personalandbusinessinformationisbeinggatheredandsoldwithouttheirknowledge.(全球数百万互联网用户也面临前所未有的威胁。私人、敏感、个人和商业信息在他们不知情的情况下被收集和出售。)”以及最后一段的“Nexttimeyouvisitawebpageandfindanadbanneradvertisingsomethingyou’vebeenplanningtobuy,don’tbeamazedthatyourputercanreadyourmind.(下次当你浏览网页，发现一个广告横幅在宣传你一直想买的东西时，不要惊讶于你的电脑能读懂你的思想。)”可知，作者认为网络用户正面临前所未有的威胁，他们的信息都不知不觉被收集了，因此可知，作者对这一问题表示很担忧。BThingstoKnowWhenYouWriteanEmailMessageFormostofthetwentiethcentury,peoplemunicatedbytelephoneorbymail.Thisisnowchanging,andemailisbeingthepreferredmethodofmunication.It’sfasterthantraditionalmail.57Asemailisbeingpopular,hereareseveralrulesweneedtoknow.Bepoliteandfriendly.Startyourmessagewithagreeting.Ifyouarewritingtoafriend,youcanbeginwithHi,Sandra.Ifyouarewritingtoyourteacher,beginyourmessagewithDearMrAtonso.58Manypeoplejusttypetheirnames.OtherssayBye,Cheers,oruseabbreviationslikeBFN(byefornow).Lookgood.Whensomeonereceivesanemailmessagefromyou,theymightnotknowanythingaboutyou.Theywilljudgeyoufromyouremailmessage,somakeyourselflookgood.59Sometimessentencesseemclearwhenyouwritethem,butdon’tmakesensewhenyoureadthemback.60Ifyoustarttouseyouremailseveraltimesaweek,yourmessageboxwillsoonfillwithmail.Afterafewweeks,youcanhavealistof60or70messages!Itiseasytodeletethemessagesyoudon’twantanymore.Ifyourmessagesareimportant,youcansa