12选择性必修四Unit3Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展（原卷板）

12选择性必修四Unit3Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展I.Unit3Unit4重点词汇及拓展1.__________vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→__________adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的→__________n.扩大；延伸2.__________vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→__________n.谈判；协商；商谈3.__________vi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤离→__________(过去式)→__________(过去分词)4.__________n.政治、政治观点→__________adj.政治的5.__________n.混合、结合体；混合物→__________v.混合、结合6.__________n.新闻报道；覆盖范围→__________v.报道；覆盖n.封面；雨披7.__________v.鼓掌；称赞、赞赏→__________n.掌声、鼓掌8.__________n.迁移、迁徙→__________v.迁移、迁徙9.__________v.谋杀、凶杀n.谋杀、凶杀→__________n.杀人犯10.__________n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→__________adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→__________adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的11.__________n.[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→__________vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有12.__________n.反对者；对手；竞争者→__________vt.反对；抵制→__________adj.反对的；截然不同的13.__________n.沙土；灰尘vi.&vt.擦灰→__________adj.布满灰尘的14.__________n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→__________vt.&vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓15.__________n.化学家；药剂师；药房→__________n.化学→__________adj.化学的16.__________n.住房；住宅→__________n.房子17.__________n.优惠待遇；特权→__________adj.享有特权的；特许的18.__________vt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹→__________adj.有皱纹的19.__________adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→__________vt.&vi.(使)成熟20.__________adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→__________n.缺陷；障碍→__________vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能21.__________vt.值得；应得；应受→__________adj.值得的；应得的22.__________n.咨询；咨询会→__________vt.咨询；请教→__________n.顾问23.__________n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)→__________adj.稳定的；牢固的→__________adj.不稳定的II.Unit3Unit4重点短语和句型一、重点短语1.inaleagueofone’sown_________________ 2.inhand____________________3.setsail____________________ 4.withdrawfrom____________________5.formthefoundationof__________________ 6.underthemandof____________________7.huntfor____________________ 8.withoutmercy____________________9.behometo____________________ 10.takeaction____________________11.amountsof__________ __________ 12.havemoreoptionsfor____________________13.spillover...into____________________ 14.achorusof____________________15.nottomention____________________ 16.adaptto____________________17.berelevantto...__________ __________ 18.tobehonest____________________19.participatein____________________ 20.bedyingtodosth____________________21.begreetedby____________________ 22.havenoconceptof____________________23.theotherday____________________ 24.hearabout____________________25.take...forgranted____________________26.aswell____________________ 27.makeabigdifference____________________28.relayto____________________ 29.beproudof____________________30.praythat____________________ 31.workon____________________32.inneedof____________________ 33.takegoodcareof____________________二、重点句型1.句型公式：动词不定式短语作主语教材原句：Topletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)动词不定式(短语)作主语，通常位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)为了保持句子结构的协调性，动词不定式作主语时，大部分情况下用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)置于句末。(3)动词不定式前面可以加疑问词，构成“疑问词＋动词不定式”的形式。e.g.①Tosaylittleandperformmuchisthecharacteristicofgreatminds.少说多做是大智者的特性。②Toenterthekeyuniversityiseveryone’sdream.进入重点大学是每个人的梦想。③Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Tobeangrywithaweakman__________(be)aproofthatyouarenotverystrongyourself.②Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketo__________(get)there.(2)单句写作③如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。__________________________________________________.2.句型公式：what引导的名词性从句教材原句：Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.翻译：在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。【分析点拨】(1)意义eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(……的东西或事情,……的人或的样子,……的数量或数目,……的时间,……的地方))(2)功能：可用作主语、宾语或表语(3)在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”e.g.①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Onelookandheknewwhattheywereupto.看一眼他就知道他们在干什么。②In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。③WhatItoldyouaboutitisveryimportanttoallofyou.对于这件事，我告诉你们的对于你们所有人是非常重要的。【多维运用】(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义①WhatIamgoingtotellyouisaboutthebookdonatedfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.__________②Iwilltellhimwhatyoulook/arelikesothatyoucanfindeachothereasily.__________(2)句式升级③Atallbuildingaroseinaplacewhichwasawasteland.→Atallbuildingarosein____________________.(what引导的从句)3.句型公式：which引导非限制性定语从句)教材原句：Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.

which

引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。2.

as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。3.

as

引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但

which

不受此限制。4.

as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用andthis/that/it来代替。5.

as多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)，asisknowntoall(众所周知)，ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。注：which

代表整个句子，还可用于inwhichcase,atwhichpoint,onwhichoccasion等。e.g.①(2021·全国乙卷)Forexample,wearetakingadvantageofvariousonlinecoursesforfurtherstudy,whichallowustolearnknowledgewhereverweareatanytime,makingiteasiertoearnadegree.例如，我们正在利用各种在线课程进行深度学习，这些课程使我们能够随时随地学习知识，从而更容易获得学位。②ChinesedumplingisatraditionalChinesefood,whichisessentialduringholidaysinnorthernChina.饺子是中国的传统食物，在北方的节日中不可或缺。③ChineseOperaisthetraditionalformofChinesetheatre,which

binesdialogue,music,vocalperformance,dance,andsoon.中国戏曲是中国戏剧的传统形式，它集对白、音乐、声乐、舞蹈等多种形式于一体。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空：①David,__________youknow,isaphotographer.②Hemarriedher,__________wasunexpected.③LiMingwaslate,__________(=andthis)madeMr.Zhangveryangry.

(2)单句写作④Imayhavetoworklate,______________________________.

我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打的。4.句型公式：although引导让步状语从句教材原句：AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】英语中用于引导让步状语从句的连词不多，主要有although,though,eventhough,evenif等。

用although/though引导：although与though虽然拼写不同，但意思相同，都表示“虽然”，常可互换。while也可引导让步状语从句，那就是，它除了表示“当……时候”外，还可表示“尽管”“虽然”，此时引导的是让步状语从句。e.g.①(2021·浙江卷)Althoughthejobwasverytiring,IwasveryhappyinmyheartforIgotsomethingfrommywork.虽然工作很累，但我心里很高兴，因为我从工作中得到了一些东西。②Hedidn’tpassthedrivingtestalthoughhewenttothedrivingschooleveryweek.尽管他每周都去驾校，还是没有通过驾驶考试。③Althoughshedidn’tsayanythingIsensed(that)shedidn’tliketheidea.

她虽然什么也没说但我已意识到她不喜欢这个主意。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空：①____________________theyaretwins,theylookentirelydifferent.②__________yousawhimpickupthemoney,youcan’tbesurehestoleit.(2)单句写作③尽管她父亲在公司里，但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的。____________________,shegotthejobonherown.5.句型公式：动名词短语作主语教材原句：Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)动名词(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。(2)动名词(短语)作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good,nogood,nouse,useless,senseless等。注意：important,essential,necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。(3)当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。e.g.①(2021·全国乙卷)Besides,makingascheduleisamust,forgoodtimemanagementwillcontributetoourefficiency.此外，制订一个时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的效率。②Climbingupthemountainwillmakeyouexhausted.爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。③Workingintheseconditions

is

notapleasurebutasuffer.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Itisnouse__________(tell)himnottoworry.②__________(they)ingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.(2)完成句子③______________________________willdoyoualotofgood.早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。6.句型公式：onlytodo做结果状语教材原句：Theyhurriedtothewater,onlytofindababysealthere.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】onlytodo作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。表示一个随后发生的动作，通常是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。动词多是终结性的词。(thus)doing做结果状语，常表示自然而然的结果后者必然的结果。e.g.①Ieagerlyunpackedthepackage,onlytofindabrokenbookinit.我急切地打开包裹，结果只在里面找到一本破书。②Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.新闻记者们慌张的到达机场，结构却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。③Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,thuscausingthedelay.火车遭遇了暴风雪，因此导致了耽误。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,__________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.②Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.③Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,__________(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.(2)完成句子④南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,________________________________________.7.句型公式：so...that...引导结果状语从句教材原句：Thesonlovedhisparentssomuchthathepromisednottoswim.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that从句,adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句,many/few＋可数名词复数＋that从句,much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句))(2)such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句,adj.＋可数名词复数＋that从句,adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句))e.g.①Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarisethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.其一，过去几十年的整体发展是如此惊人，以至于他们渴望了解中国正在发生的事情。其二，中国历史悠久，而且文化丰富。②Heseemedsuchanicemanthatweallbelievehim.＝Heseemedsoniceamanthatweallbelievehim.他看上去是那么好的人，我们都相信他。③Theyweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverythingelse.他们彼此相见，高兴得连别的什么事都忘了。【名师点津】(1)当名词前面有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such。(2)当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such...”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Thereare__________manyflowersthatIdon’tknowwhichIwillpick.(2)一句多译/句型转换②他是一个如此聪明的男孩，以至于我们都喜欢他。→________________________________________.(so...that...)→________________________________________.(such...that...)③Herunssofastthatheisfaraheadofothers.→________________________________________.(倒装句)8.句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语教材原句：Finally,thefatherwaspushedtotheshorealive,butthisoldcoupleneversawtheirsonagain.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】形容词(短语)作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，有时它和宾语的关系密切，且可位于句首、句末和句子中间，通常和句子的其它部分用逗号分开，但单个形容词可以连在一起。(1)形容词(短语)作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充说明。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，它和句中谓语动词在意义上的联系不密切，只状是对谓语补充说明。e.g.①Besides,richintourismresources,Chinaattractsmillionsofpeoplefromeverycorneroftheworld.此外，中国拥有丰富的旅游资源，吸引了来自世界各地的数百万人。②Thelostboyspentthreedaysintheforestcoldandhungry.那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。③Contrarytoalladvice,theystartedtoclimbthemountainduringastorm.他们不听一切劝告，冒着风暴出发登山。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①__________(anxiety)foraquickdecision,ourleadercalledforavote.(2)单句写作②我低声背诵课文，小心翼翼地不流露自己的坏心情。Irecitedthetextinalowvoice______________________________.③月亮刚刚升起，挂在山上，十足的金黄色。Themoon______________________________.9.句型公式：Ittakessbsometimetodosth教材原句：Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownadustytrackcoveredinweeds.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】Ittakesbsometimetodosth用法如下：（1）翻译：做某事花费某人一些时间。（2）这是个固定的句型。即：做某事花费某人一些时间。（3）it是形式主语；其真正主语是动词不定式“todosth”。e.g.①Ittookthemabouthalfanhourtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。②Ittakesme

quite

alongtimetounderstandthemeaningofthepainting.我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。③Itmighttakesometimetounderstandandappreciateit,butonceyoudoitreallyjustclicks.虽然理解这一转变可能会花些时间，但一旦你经过这一阶段，你就会适应并享受它。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①It

takes

15

minutes

__________

(convert)theplane

into

a

car

byremoving

thewings

and

thetail.

②It

__________

(take)great

courage

to

face

your

child

and

tell

them

thetruth.(2)完成句子④平均需要10周的时间才能完成一幢房子的销售。________________________________________

tobepleted.10.句型公式：bedoing...when...教材原句：TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboysachemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespillingeverywhere!翻译：________________________________________________________________________________！【分析点拨】bedoing...when...意为“正在做……，就在这时……”。when在句中作并列连词，相当于andthen,andatthattime。when作并列连词的句型还有：(1)beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……的时候(突然)……(2)had(just)donewhen刚做完……的时候(突然)……e.g.①IwaslyingawakeonmybedwhensuddenlySarahcameinsideandstartedscreaming.我正醒着躺在床上，这时萨拉突然跑进来，开始大喊大叫。②Iwaslyingface­downonmybedupstairswhenIheardmymumethroughthefrontdoor.我正趴在楼上的床上，突然听到妈妈从前门进来。③I

was

doing

myhomework

when

mymothercameback.

我正在做作业，这时我妈妈回来了。【多维运用】(1)完成句子①We____________________hesuddenlytookhisjacketandranaway.我们正聊着呢，突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。②He____________________hebumpedintoalargecowandfelldown.他还没有走多远就撞上了一头大奶牛并摔倒了。(2)同义句转换③Hewasonthepointofgivingupthequestionwhensuddenlyhefoundtheanswer.→____________________________________________________________.11.句型公式：fromwhere引导定语从句教材原句：AnotherteacherandIwalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—first,upamountainfromwherewehadfantasticviews,andthendownashadedpathtothevalleybelow.翻译：我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，我们爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。【分析点拨】(1)fromwhere引导定语从句，相当于andfromhere/there。(2)fromwhich中的which指的是一个地点名词；fromwhere中的where指的是一个地点状语。e.g.①Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全镇的风光。②Soonaftergettingoffhishorse,thecaptainappearedatthesecond­floorwindows,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口中了。他在那里除了树木什么也没看到。③He

hid

himself

in

a

tree,from

wherehe

could

see

the

enemy

in

the

distance.

他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。【多维运用】(1)选词填空(fromwhere/fromwhich)①Itwasafriendship__________aromancewasnurtured.(2)完成句子②Alicestoodatthewindow,__________________________________________________.艾丽丝站在窗边，从那里她可以看到同学们正在踢足球。12.句型公式：感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语教材原句：Later,Inoticedacanstandingupsidedownonthegrilloverthefire.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】e.g.①Onthewaydrivingbackfromthegrocerystore,Inoticedahomelessmanholdingasignbythesideoftheroad.在从杂货店开车回来的路上，我注意到一个无家可归的人在路边举着一个牌子。②Sometimesshewouldlistentohimplayingthesaxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。③Onecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthere.你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门，无所不有。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Icouldfeelthewind__________(blow)onmyface.②Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound__________(smoke)inthekitchen.(2)完成句子③他看见她在花园里干活。Hesawher____________________.13.句型公式：现在分词短语作状语教材原句：Lately,allofushaveseenChinesepeopleonTVinfar­offplacesintheworld,helpingothercountriestodevelop.翻译：____________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】e.g.①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youthisofgreathelptome,offeringmeinspirationaswellasencouragementintime.《青春》对我帮助很大，及时给我提供灵感和鼓舞。②Tomwaswalkingalongthebeach,enjoyingthesoundofthewaves.汤姆沿着海岸散步，欣赏着海浪的声音。③Thereismudandwatereverywhere,makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.到处都是泥和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅行很困难。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Hereturnedhomeverylateeverynight,__________(make)hiswifeveryangry.②Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,__________morepatientstobetreated.(2)完成句子③在心脏病发作后，迈克尔·杰克逊被宣布死亡，这标志着这位世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。Aftersufferingaheartattack,MichaelJacksonwaspronounceddead,____________________totheworld’smostpopularentertainer.14.句型公式：while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”教材原句：And,whilethecountryisquitebeautifulandhasmuchnaturalwealth,manyofthepeoplearequitepoorandlivewithoutthingswetakeforgranted,suchaselectricity,runningwater,carsandgoodtransportsystems,andsupermarkets.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】此句中while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”；while的用法如下：(1)while可用作并列连词，表示对比、转折，意为“然而；却”。(2)while可用作从属连词。①引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，句中的动词要用延续性动词。②引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，从句常置于主句之前。③引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于aslongas。(3)while可用作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。e.g.①Whilethisareaasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.尽管从整体上来说这个地区的气温在迅速上升，但是，温室附近的气温已经下降了。②Whiletheblueswaspopular,asamusicalformitlackedvarietyandwastoosadandslowtodanceto.尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感，节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。③WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.虽然我承认存在一些问题，但我不同意这些问题无法解决。【多维运用】(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义①WhileIfindheralittleannoying,Ioftenhelpherout.__________②TheboymadesomegoodfriendswhilestudyinginFrance.__________③Asanoldsayinggoes,whilethere’slifethere’shope.__________(2)单句写作④我姐姐在努力工作，而我哥哥经常无所事事。__________________________________________________.15.句型公式：notonly...but(also)...“不但……而且……”教材原句：Now,notonlyareTanzanianshelpedbythehospital,butpeopleinneighbouringcountriesarehelpedaswell.翻译：____________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)notonly...but(also)...表示“不但……而且……”，连接平行结构，如名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、句子等。(2)notonly...but(also)...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与but(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(3)notonly...but(also)...连接两个并列分句，且notonly位于句首时，notonly后的分句需部分倒装，but(also)后的分句不用倒装。e.g.①Notonlyisheakeengardener,butheisalsoafishcollector.他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。②Notonlyshouldwekeepahealthydiet,butweshouldalsobalanceourstudiesandrelaxation.我们不仅要保持健康的饮食，也应该平衡我们的学习和休息。③Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.

不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Notonlyalittlegirlbutalsoadults__________(have)agrowingappetiteforjunkfoodnowadays.②Notonly__________(do)shemakeapromise,butshealsokeptit.(2)句型转换③HespeaksnotonlyEnglishandFrenchbutalsoSpanish.→____________________speakEnglishandFrenchbutalsoSpanish.(改为notonly位于句首的倒装句)III.知识点精讲：考点精析1.setsail起航；开航However,merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.然而，在哥伦布首次起航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。★情境探究e.g.①WesetsailforFranceathightide.我们在涨潮时起航前往法国。②After

theCollegeEntranceExamination,

we

will

bidfarewellto

eachother

and

set

sail

for

anunknownfuture.

高考结束后，我们将告别彼此并启航驶向未知的未来。③Thesurest

way

is

to

set

sail

in

one

direction

and

not

stop

until

you’re

home

again.

最为确定的方法是向一个方向航行，而且不要停止知道你回到家为止。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)setsailfor起航前往(2)setup建立；安装好；设置；引发；产生setout出发；动身；启航；开始工作(后接todosth)setoff动身；出发；引起；爆炸setabout开始；着手(后接doingsth)★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theysetout__________(discover)acureforcancer.②Onarrivingthere,theysetabout__________(do)theexperiment.【完成句子】③In1891,attheageof17,____________________Alexandria,Egypt.1891年，也就是17岁那一年，他起航前往埃及的亚历山大。2.extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。★情境探究e.g.①Thechapterextendstoahundredpages.这一章节长达100页。②Thefoodindustry

wasgivena

green

lightto

extend

the

use

of

these

chemicals.

食品业获准扩大这些化学品的应用范围。③The

benefits

of

agrowth

mindset

of

interest

may

also

extend

to

those

seeking

employment.

兴趣增长型思维的好处也可能延伸到那些寻求就业的人身上。★要点突破【归纳拓展】extendinto扩大或延长到……extendover(使)持续；延续extendto(使)达到；伸展到★学以致用【单句语法填空】①TheancientRomansextendedtheirempire__________Asia.②Theexaminationsextend__________twoweeks.【完成句子】③Thereisaproposal______________________________.有人提议把这条路延伸到下一个村庄。3.negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。★情境探究e.g.①Thetwosidesarenegotiatingaboutit.双方就此事正在交涉。②Western

governmentshave

thisweek

urged

him

to

negotiate

and

avoid

force.

西方国家政府本周已敦促他进行谈判并且避免使用武力。③We

areready

fordiscussions

with

any

legal

parties,

but

we’llnever

negotiate

with

criminals.

我们已经准备好和那些合法党派进行洽谈了，但我们是永远不会和那些罪犯谈判的。★要点突破【归纳拓展】negotiateabout/forsth就某事进行交涉negotiatesb/sthintosth/doingsth通过谈判使……进入/做某事negotiatewithsb与某人进行交涉(以达成协议)★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hesucceededinnegotiatinghiscountry__________theWTO.②Theyhavedecidedtonegotiate__________thebossabouttheirwageclaims.【单句写作】③这两个国家正在为和平解决进行谈判。__________________________________________________.4.leaguen.等级；水平；联合会；联赛Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。★情境探究e.g.①Asawoodworker,BillwisheshewereinthesameleagueasCarl,whoisamastercarpenter.作为一名木工，比尔希望他能和卡尔水平相当，成为像他一样的木匠大师。②When

I

arrived,

the

team

was

bottom

ofthe

league

and

thewhole

placewasona

realdowner.

当我到达时，这个队伍在联赛中垫底，整个气氛令人感到沮丧。③Overthe

past

year,the

pany

has

joined

thebig

league.

去年一年中，公司已跻身一流之列。★要点突破【归纳拓展】inaleagueofone’sown独领风骚inadifferentleague另一类型的人(物)inleaguewith和……联合；和……勾结inthesameleague同一档次(等级)outofsb’sleague不是某一类人；超出某人能力范围★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theyarenot__________thesameleague.②Heisabitout__________yourleague.③Heisprivatelyinleague__________somebandits.【单句写作】④在运动会上，他跑在同学们的前面，独领风骚。______________________________________________________________________.5.withdrawvi.&vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪里，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。★情境探究e.g.①Theyhavewithdrawntoasaferarea.他们已经撤退到更为安全的地带。②Thesmart

money

says

that

he’slikely

to

withdraw

from

the

leadership

campaign.

据知情者说，他很可能退出领导人竞选。③Research

showsthat

many

depressed

people

tend

to

withdraw

intothemselves.

研究表明，许多抑郁的人倾向于沉默寡言。★要点突破【归纳拓展】withdrawsb/sthfromsth把……从……撤回withdrawtosth退入；撤退到★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Shequicklywithdrewherhand__________thehotiron.②Wehavebeen__________(withdraw)fromthedangerarea.【完成句子】③TheInternetaddicts________________________________________ratherthanmunicatingwitharealperson.网瘾者倾向于退缩到他们自己幻想的世界，而不是与真实的人交流。6.inhand在手头；可供使用Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。★情境探究e.g.①Ialwayskeepadictionary(ready)athand.我经常把词典放在手边。②Thebusiness

in

hand

wasapproaching

somekind

of

climax.

这件正在处理中的事情正接近某种关键时刻。③In

hand,

we

werehiking,

watching

thesea,

reading,

dancing,

travelling,

sharingand

bearing!

拉着手，我们一起登山、看海、阅读、跳舞、远行，一起分享，一同承担！★要点突破【归纳拓展】athand在手边；在近处；即将到来byhand手工onhand在手边(随时可用)★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Myshoesweremade__________hand.②Theexaminationsarenear__________hand.【单句写作】③我手里还有一些钱。________________________________________.7.professionn.职业；行业HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩将他的生命和职业生涯都用来帮助人们，而不求任何回报。★情境探究e.g.①Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴，是家中唯一的音乐家。②He

is

one

of

the

greatest

players

of

recent

timesandisacredit

to

his

profession.

他是近年来最棒的选手之一，是为他的职业增光的人。③His

linguistic

ability

servedhimwellinhis

chosen

profession.

他的语言能力对他所选择的职业大有帮助。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)professionaladj.专业的；职业的；职业性的n.专业人员；职业运动员(2)professorn.教授★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Givenyourbusyschedule,I’dbeveryappreciativeifyoucouldoffermesome__________(profession)advice.【完成句子】②____________________,workhardtobethebest!无论你选择什么职业，努力做到最好吧！8.mixturen.混合；结合体；混合物Reachingoutacrosstheseaisoftenamixtureofdangerandboredom.远渡重洋往往既危险，又无聊。★情境探究e.g.①Thestyleconveysadistinctmixtureofsadness,pain,nostalgia,happinessandlove.这种风格明显地融合了悲伤、痛苦、怀旧、幸福感和爱。②If

prepared

many

hours

ahead,

the

mixture

may

separateout.

如果提前很多小时配制，这种混合物就可能会分离。③The

mixture

described

below

will

approximate

it,

but

isnot

exactly

the

same.

下面所描述的混合物会与之近似，但不完全一样。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)amixtureofsthandsth某物和某物的结合(2)mixvi.&vt.(使)混合；(使)掺和；(使)融合mixwith与……混合；融合mixAwithB＝mixAandB(together)把A与B混合起来/融合在一起mixup混淆；弄混；弄乱(3)mixedadj.混合的；混杂的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hewassonervousthathegotthespeechpagesall__________(mix)up.②Idon’tliketomixbusiness__________pleasure.【单句写作】③我带着一种既有趣，又难以置信的心情听着他的冒险经历。____________________________________________________________.9.mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠Althoughthiswasbannedin1982,somecountriesarestill“murdering”theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。★情境探究e.g.①Havinglosttheengine’spower,theboatwasnowatthemercyofthewind.发动机坏了，这艘船现在任由大风摆布。②My

husband

don’t

tell

me

whatto

do,

God

have

mercy

on

him.

我该干什么，我丈夫也没有给我下过命令，愿上帝保佑他。③IfIofferit

four

times

aweek,

they

will

wipe

outtheir

Chinese

chef

without

mercy.

享用四次，她们会毫不客气地把中国大厨扫地出门。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)showmercytosb怜悯某人havemercyon对……表示怜悯atthemercyof任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中withoutmercy残忍地；毫不留情地(2)mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Heisgenerousand__________(mercy)tothosewhoareweakerthanhimself.②SopitifullydidshepleadthattheBarongrewcalmanddecidedtohavemercy__________her.【单句写作】③这条船任凭急流摆布。________________________________________.10.possessionn.个人财产；拥有；控制Theseaishometolife,nothumanbeings’possessions.海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。★情境探究e.g.①Wedidn’ttakepossessionofthecaruntilafewdaysaftertheauction.拍卖会过后几天，我们才真正拥有了那辆车。②All

customerstravellingon

TransLink

services

mustbe

in

possession

of

a

valid

ticket

before

boarding.

所有使用联运服务的乘客在登机前必须持有有效机票。③Howhad

this

promising

picture

e

into

the

possession

of

the

press?

这张有损名声的照片是怎么到了媒体手里的？★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)beinpossessionofsth拥有/占有某物beinthepossessionofsb/beinone’spossession为某人所有；归某人所有havepossessionof拥有eintopossessionof占有某物get/takepossessionof占领；夺取(2)possessvt.拥有；具有；控制(不用于进行时)★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hehade__________possessionofalargefortune.②Doestheyoungmanstandingtherehavepossession__________thepany?【句型转换】③Heisinpossessionofthehouse.→__________________________________________________.(物作主语)11.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止A$5millionrewardhasbeenannouncedforinformationleadingtothearrestofthoseresponsibleforthemurder.一项500万美元的悬赏已经公布，以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。★情境探究e.g.①Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。②Itisreported

that

thedriver

of

thetruc