（标准规范）澳州标准：AS 1288-2006 Glass in buildings Selection and installation

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AS1288-2006Glassinbuildings-Selectionandinstallation

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AS1288—2006

AustralianStandard™

Glassinbuildings—Selectionandinstallation

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ThisAustralianStandardwaspreparedbyCommitteeBD-007,GlazingandFixingofGlass.ItwasapprovedonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsAustraliaon28November2005.

ThisStandardwaspublishedon16January2006.

ThefollowingarerepresentedonCommitteeBD-007:

AustralianBuildingCodesBoard

AustralianChamberofCommerceandIndustryAustralianGlassandGlazingAssociation

AustralianIndustryGroup

AustralianInstituteofBuildingSurveyors

AustralianShopandOfficeFittingIndustryAssociationAustralianWindowAssociation

BuildingResearchAssociationofNewZealand

CSIROManufacturingandInfrastructureTechnologyCertificationInterests(Australia)

EngineersAustralia

HousingIndustryAssociationMasterBuildersAustralia

MonashUniversity

NewZealandSafetyGlassAssociationUniversityofNewSouthWales

UniversityofSydney

WindowAssociationofNewZealand

WindowFilmAssociationofAustralia&NewZealandWindowandDoorIndustryCouncil

AdditionalInterests:

Leadlight,DecorativeandStainedGlassAssociation

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AS1288—2006

AustralianStandard™

Glassinbuildings—Selectionandinstallation

FirstpublishedasASCA26—1957.

ASCA26—1957revisedandredesignatedAS1288—1973.AS1288—1973revisedandredesignatedAS1288.1—1979,AS1288.2—1979andAS1288.3—1979.

AS1288.1—1979,AS1288.2—1979andAS1288.3—1979revised,

amalgamatedandredesignatedAS1288—1989.Fourthedition2006.

COPYRIGHT

©StandardsAustralia

Allrightsarereserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedorcopiedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

PublishedbyStandardsAustralia,GPOBox476,Sydney,NSW2001,AustraliaISBN0733770967

AS1288—2006

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AS1288—2006

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PREFACE

ThisStandardwaspreparedbytheJointStandardsAustralia/StandardsNewZealandCommitteeBD-007,GlazingandFixingofGlass,tosupersedeAS1288—1994.

TheobjectiveofthisStandardistoprovideuniformdirectionfortheuseandinstallationofglazingthroughoutAustraliatoallowitsuseinlegislation,andtoclarifytechnicaldefinitions.

ThisStandardwillbereferencedintheBuildingCodeofAustralia2006;therebysupersedingAS1288—1994,whichwillbewithdrawnin12monthsfromthedateofpublicationofthisStandard.

WhenrevisingthisStandard,considerationwasgiventotheexistinghumanimpactsafetyrequirementsofAS1288—1994andNZS4223.3:1999CodeofpracticeforglazinginbuildingsPart3:Humanimpactsafetyrequirements,aswellasBS6262-4,Glazingforbuildings,Part4:Safetyrelatedtohumanimpact.

Therewasalsoaneedtorecognizethataccidentsinvolvingglasscontinuedatahighrateandataconsiderablecosttothecommunity.Withthesefactorsinmind,changesweremadethathaveresultedintheintroductionofincreasedareasofsafetyglassandthereductionofareasofordinaryglassinlocationswhereaccidentsareknowntooccuratgreaterfrequency.TheStandardhasalsobeencloselyalignedwithinternationalpracticebytheadoptionofselectedcriteriafrominternationalStandards.

Thechangetoultimatelimitstatedesigninthenewwindcodehasnecessitatedthecorrespondingupgradingofthewindloadingcharts.Thenewchartsarebasedontheincreasedultimatelimitstatewindloads.Thecommitteehastakenthisopportunitytoimprovethedesignchartstoincludebasiccriteriasuchastheinfluenceofaspectratioandslendernessfactor.Thechartsareuniqueastheyincorporateallrelevantaspectsthatinfluencetheperformanceofglassintheonechartforeachglasstypeandthickness.

Themostsignificantchangesofthisrevisionincludethefollowing:

ChangefrompermissibledesignstressesforwindloadingtoUltimateLimitStatedesign.

NewdesignchartsforwindloadingbasedonULSandtakingintoconsiderationpanelaspectratio.

Introductionofnewandincreasedareasofsafetyglassinlocationssubjecttohighriskofhumanimpact.

Newsectiononinstallationrequirementsforglass.

Newsectionsanddetailedspecificationsforoverheadglazing,balustrades,facetedglazingandfin-supportedglazing.

TheCommitteeconsidersthatthisStandardrepresentsthebestcompromisethatcanbepresentedatthistime.Furtherresearchandtestingforsafetywillpossiblyresultinchangeswhichwillbeincorporatedinfutureeditions.Itmakesrecommendationsfordesignandinstallationpracticebasedonproventechniquesbutdoesnotrestricttheadoptionofmaterialsormethodsofdesignthatcanbeshowntothesatisfactionoftheresponsibleauthoritytoprovidenolesserstandardofmaterials,designsorconstructionsthanobtainedbyusingtheproceduresspecifiedherein.

Notestothetextcontaininformationandguidance.TheyarenotanintegralpartoftheStandard.

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Theterms‘normative’and‘informative’havebeenusedinthisStandardtodefinetheapplicationoftheappendixtowhichtheyapply.A‘normative’appendixisanintegralpartofaStandard,whereasan‘informative’appendixisonlyforinformationandguidance.

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CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD. 6

SECTION1SCOPEANDGENERAL

SCOPE 7

APPLICATION 7

NORMATIVEREFERENCES 8

DEFINITIONS 9

SECTION2MATERIALS

GLASS 14

OTHERGLAZINGMATERIALS 14

SECTION3GENERALDESIGNCRITERIA

GENERAL 16

LOADSANDOTHERACTIONS. 16

LIMITSTATES 16

LAMINATEDGLASSANDINSULATINGGLASSUNITS 19

FRAMES 20

DESIGNTHICKNESSOFGLASS 20

STRUCTURALSILICONE 21

SECTION4DESIGNFORWINDLOADING

GENERAL 22

DESIGNWINDPRESSURE 22

INSULATINGGLASSUNITS 22

MAXIMUMSPANFORGLASSPANELSSUBJECTEDTOWINDLOADING 22

ORGANICSAFETYFILMSANDOTHERGLASSCOATINGS 24

SECTION5CRITERIAFORHUMANIMPACTSAFETY

SCOPE 60

DOORS 62

SIDEPANELS 62

GLAZINGCAPABLEOFBEINGMISTAKENFORADOORWAYOR

OPENING 63

LOW-LEVELGLAZINGINRESIDENTIALBUILDINGS 64

EXTERNALSHOPFRONTS 64

INTERNALSHOPFRONTSANDINTERNALPARTITIONS 64

BATHROOM,ENSUITEANDSPAROOMGLAZING 65

BALUSTRADES 65

SCHOOLS,EARLYCHILDHOODCENTRES,AGEDCAREBUILDINGS,RETIREMENTVILLAGESANDNURSINGHOMES 65

MIRRORSANDOTHERTYPESOFGLASSSUBJECTTORISKOFHUMANIMPACT 66

LOUVREBLADESSUBJECTTORISKOFHUMANIMPACT 66

WINDOWSEATGLAZING 66

OPERABLEWINDOWS 66

TWO-EDGEUNFRAMEDGLAZING 67

STAIRWAYGLAZING 67

LEADLIGHTS 68

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Page

CURVEDGLASS 68

MAKINGGLASSVISIBLE(MANIFESTATION) 68

UNFRAMEDEDGES 69

USEOFSAFETYGLASSOFNON-STANDARDTHICKNESSES 69

INSULATINGGLASSUNITS 69

IDENTIFICATIONOFSAFETYGLASS 69

AREASSUBJECTTOHIGHRISKOFBREAKAGE 70

FIREDOORS 70

SECTION6SLOPEDOVERHEADGLAZING

GENERAL 74

LOADSANDACTIONS 74

LOADCOMBINATIONS 74

DESIGNCRITERIA 75

SELECTIONOFOVERHEADGLASS 75

SECTION7BALUSTRADES

GENERAL 80

LOADSANDOTHERACTIONS. 80

SELECTIONOFBALUSTRADEGLASS. 80

SECTION8INSTALLATION

SCOPE 86

SITEWORKINGANDDAMAGEOFGLASS 86

DIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTS 86

GLAZINGMATERIALS 88

SETTINGBLOCKS 89

LOCATIONBLOCKS 90

DISTANCEPIECES 92

PREPARATIONOFREBATESANDGROOVES 92

GLAZINGBEADS 92

STRUCTURALSEALANTS 93

SECTION9FRAMED,UNFRAMED,ANDPARTLYFRAMEDGLASSASSEMBLIES

GENERAL 94

STRUCTURALSILICONE 94

FACETEDGLAZING 94

FIN-SUPPORTEDGLAZING. 97

UNFRAMEDTOUGHENEDANDTOUGHENEDLAMINATEDGLASSASSEMBLIES 100

APPENDICES

SIMPLIFIEDMETHODOFDETERMININGULTIMATEANDSERVICEABILITYLIMITSTATEDESIGNWINDPRESSURES 104

WORKEDEXAMPLESTOSECTION4WINDLOADINGREQUIREMENTS 108

BASISFORDETERMINATIONOFFINDESIGNTOPREVENTBUCKLING 115

RECOMMENDATIONSFORSHOWERSCREENINSTALLATION 122

SLOPEDOVERHEADGLAZINGFRACTURECHARACTERISTICS 123

STRUCTURALSILICONEGLAZING 125

FLOWCHARTS 128

BIBLIOGRAPHY 134

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FOREWORD

DuetotherevisionofAS1170.2—1989,Minimumdesignloadsonstructures–Windloadstoincludelimitstatesdesign,itbecamenecessaryforAS1288toberevised.TherationaleusedintherevisionofAS1288toincludetheultimatedesignstrengthofglassisgivenbelow.

TheBuildingCodeofAustralia(BCA)setstheimportancelevelsandannualprobabilityofexceedanceforwind,snowandearthquakeactionsapplicabletobuildingsandstructures.

Designwindspeedsdependontheimportancelevelsofthebuildingsaswellasthewindregionforthebuilding,resultinginincreasedriskofglassbreakageforglazinginlowerimportancelevels.

ThepreviouseditionofAS1288gavepermissibledesignstressesforwindloadas

16.7MPaforglass≤6mmthicknessand15.2MPaforglass>6mmthickness.However,sincethepublicationofthepreviouseditionin1994,furtherresearchwascarriedoutanditwasfoundthatthestressesvariedconsiderablywithpanelaspectratioandglassthickness.

ThechartsinthiseditionarebasedonULSstressesof27.0MPa,forthethickestglass(25mm)and41.0MPaforthethinnestglass(3mm).Itwasalsoagreedthatglassedgedesignstressesaretobe80%ofthemid-span(i.e.awayfromedges)stresses.ThelimitingdesignstressesforeachglassthicknessusedindevelopingthedesignchartsaregiveninAppendixB.

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AS1288—2006

AS1288—2006

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STANDARDSAUSTRALIA

AustralianStandard

Glassinbuildings—Selectionandinstallation

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SCOPE

ThisStandardsetsoutproceduresfortheselectionandinstallationofglassinbuildings,subjecttowindloading,humanimpact,andspecialapplicationssuchasoverheadglazing,balustradesandglassassemblies.

Glassstrengthrequirementsaregivenforglazing,basedonthetensilestressesdevelopedonthesurfaceoftheglass.

ThisStandarddoesnotcoverthefollowing:

Glazinginliftcarsandliftwells(seeNote1).

Furnitureglass,cabinetglass,vanities,glassbasins,refrigerationunits,internalglassfitmentsandinternalwallmirrorsnotspecificallycoveredbySection5(seeNote2).

Buildingsandstructureswithnopublicaccessintendedforhorticulturaloragriculturaluse.

WindowsanddoorsinheritagebuildingsasdefinedbytherelevantStateorTerritorialauthority(seeNote3).

Restorationandorrepairstoexistingleadlights.

Specialglazingapplicationswhichmightfailduetothestressesotherthantensilestresses,suchasshearstresses.

NOTES:

Forglazinginliftcarsandliftwells,seeAS1735.2(AppendixH)

ForfurtherguidanceseeHB125.

Thetraditionaluseofthesebuildingssuggeststheircurrentconstructionandglazingpracticesareacceptable.However,considerationshouldalwaysbegiventothebrittlenatureofglassandtheconsequencesofitsbreakage.

InAustralia,legislationrequiresproductstobe‘fitforpurpose’.Whereglazingisreplacedbecauseofbreakageoranyotherreason,itisrecommendedthatthereplacementglasscomplywiththerequirementsoftherelevantsectionsofthisStandard,unlessotherwisepermittedbytherelevantlegislation.

APPLICATION

Thethicknessandtypeofglassrequiredshallbedeterminedonthebasisofallthefollowingcriteria:

Forinstallationssubjecttowindloading,glasstobeselectedusingeitherfirstprinciplesassetoutinSection3,orusingthesimplifieddesignassetoutinSection4.

NOTE:Section4maygiveamoreconservativedesignsolution.

Forhumanimpactconsiderations,glasstobeselectedaccordingtoSection5.

Foroverheadglazing,glasstobeselectedaccordingtoSection6.

Forbalustrades,glasstobeselectedaccordingtoSection7.

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Forframed,unframed,andpartlyframedglassassembliesglasstobeselectedinaccordancewithSection9.

GlassshallbeinstalledinaccordancewithSection8.

Foragivenapplication,thetypeandthicknessofglassselectedshallbeinaccordancewiththemoststringentrelevantrequirementsofSections3to9asapplicable.

NOTE:ForguidanceontheuseofthisStandardforglassselection,seeAppendixG.

NORMATIVEREFERENCES

ThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisStandard.AS

1170 Minimumdesignloadsonstructures

1170.1 Part1:Minimumdesignloadsonstructures—Deadandliveloads1170.2 Part2:Windloads

1170.3 Part3:Snowloads

1170.4 Part4:Earthquakeloads

1428 Designforaccessandmobility

1428.1 Part1:Generalrequirementsforaccess—Newbuildingwork2047 Windowsinbuilding—Selectionandinstallation

4055 Windloadsforhousing

AS/NZS

1170 Structuraldesignactions1170.0 Part0:Generalprinciples

1170.1 Part1:Permanent,imposedandotheractions1170.2 Part2:Windactions

2208 Safetyglazingmaterialsinbuildings4666 Insulatingglassunits

4667 Qualityrequirementsforcut-to-sizeandprocessedglass

BS

544 Specificationforlinseedoilputtyforuseinwoodenframes

4255 Rubberusedinpreformedgasketsforweatherexclusionfrombuildings4255-1 Part1:Specificationfornon-cellulargaskets

ASTM

C669 Standardspecificationforglazingcompoundsforbackbeddingandfaceglazingofmetalsash

C1184 Standardspecificationforstructuralsiliconesealants

C1279 Standardtestmethodfornon-destructivephotoelasticmeasurementofedgeandsurfacestressesinannealed,heat-strengthened,andfullytemperedflatglass

C1281 StandardspecificationforpreformedtapesealantsforglazingapplicationsBCA BuildingCodeofAustralia

NOTE:DocumentsreferencedforinformativepurposesarelistedinAppendixH.Theyarenotan

integralpartoftheStandard.

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DEFINITIONS

ForthepurposeofthisStandard,thedefinitionsinAS/NZS4668andthosebelowapply.

Area

Theareaofthepanelbetweensightlinesafterglazing,calculatedusingthesightsize.

Arrisededge

Theresultofremovingsharpedges.

Aspectratio

Theratioofthelongersideofapaneltoitsshorterside.

Balustrade

Alowwallformingaparapettoastair,ramp,balcony,raisedlevel,orachangeinlevels.

Bead

Astripofwood,metal,sealantorothersuitablematerialsecuredtotherebatetoretaintheglass.Alsoknownasglazingbeadorsealantbead.

Bite

Thewidthofsiliconeusedtobondthefinorframemembertotheedgeoftheglasspanel.

Block

Asmallpieceoflead,rubberorothersuitablematerialusedtopositiontheglassintheframe.

Buildings

Residential

Buildingsandsuchportionsofbuildingsusedasseparatedwellinghousesandflats,butnotincorporatingcommoncirculationareasinblocksoftwoormoreflats.

Non-residential

BuildingsotherthanthosedefinedinClause,suchashotels,hostels,motels,shops,offices,schools,publicassemblybuildings,andfactories,andthosepartsofresidentialbuildingscommontoagroupofdwellingssuchascommoncirculationareasinblocksoftwoormoreflats.

Chairrail

Afixedglazingbar,orrigidpush-bar,thatprovidesprotectionfromhumanimpact.

Crashrail

Arail,togetherwithitsfixings,capableofwithstandingaloadof750N/mlength,actinginanydirectionwithoutcontactwiththeglazingmaterial.

Daylightsize

Theclearunsupportedopeningsizethatadmitslight.

Decoratedglass

Clearorpatternedglassprocessedbycraftsmenfordecorativeeffect.Stainedglass,leadlightsandsandblasted,acid-etched,embossedandprintedglassfallintothiscategory.Decorativeinterlayersmayalsobeincorporatedinlaminatedglass.

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Distancepiece

Smallblocksofresilient,non-absorbentmaterial(suchasextrudedrubber)usedtopreventthedisplacementofglazingcompoundorsealantbyexternalloading.Theyarepositionedoppositeeachotherbetweentheglassandrebate,andglassandbead.

Door

Ahinged,sliding,orotherwisesupportedopenablebarrierprovidingentrancetoandexitfromabuilding,corridor,orroom.Doorsmaybeframedorunframed.

Doubleglazing

Glazingthatincorporatestwopanels,separatedwithanairspace,forthepurposeofsoundinsulationorthermalinsulation,orboth.

Edgeblocks

Rubberblocksthatpreventglassfrommovingsidewaysintheglazingrebatefromthermaleffectsorvibration.

Edgeclearance

Thespacebetweentheedgeoftheglassandframerebate.

Edgecover

Thedistancebetweentheedgeoftheglassandthesightline.

Edgeworking

Theprocessofremovingsharpedgesfromthesurfaceand/orcutedgesofglassbygrinding,smoothing,bevellingand/orpolishing.

NOTE:Fordifferentedgefinishrequirementsforspecificapplications,seeAS/NZS4668.

Exposededge

Aglassedgethatisnotcovered.

NOTE:Glasswithexposededgeshasnoprotectionfromdamage,andmaycauseinjurytothosewhocomeincontactwithit.

Facetedglazing

Flatpanesofglassinstalledverticallyatanangletoeachother,toformafacetedcurve.

Fin

Apieceofglasspositionedandfastenedtoprovidelateralsupport.

Frame

Astructuremanufacturedfromtimber,metal,glass,orotherdurablematerialorcombinationsofmaterials,suchasglassfinsandstructuralsealant,supportingthefulllengthofaglazedpaneledge.

Framelessglazing

Seeunframedglazing.

Fullyframedglazing

Panelsthathavealledgesframed.

Glazing

Thesecuringofglassinpreparedopeningsinwindows,doorpanels,partitions,andthelike.

Glassorplasticsglazingsheetmaterialforinstallationintoabuilding.

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Heat-strengthenedlaminatedsafetyglass

Laminatedsafetyglassutilizingtwoormorepanelsofheat-strengthenedglassinthemake-up.

Infillbalustrades

Balustradesinwhichthesupportedglassresistsaninfillpressureand/orpointloadappliedtotheglasspanel.

Insulatingglassunit(IGU)

Twoormorepanelsofglassspacedapartandfactorysealedwithdryair(hermetically)orspecialgasesintheunitcavity.OftenabbreviatedtoIGUorreferredtoastheunit.

Internalpartition

Aninteriordividingwallorsuchportionofaninteriordividingwallthatisnotadoor,sidepanel,shopfront,oratriumwall.

Laminatedglass

Acompositematerialconsistingoftwoormoresheetsofglasspermanentlybondedtogetherbyaplasticinterlayermaterial.

Laminatedsafetyglass

LaminatedglassthatsatisfiestherelevantrequirementsforasafetyglazingmaterialinaccordancewithAS/NZS2208.

Leadlight

Apanelofindividualglasspieceswithinaframeworkoflead,copper,zincorbrasscames,madeinthetraditionalmannerofsmallpanes.

Maximumthickness

Thethicknessofapanelofglassatthemaximumthicknesstolerance.

Minimumthickness

Thethicknessofapanelofglassattheminimumthicknesstolerance.

Mirror

Apieceofglasssilveredononeside.

Nominalthickness

Anumericdesignation,usedforreferencepurposes,thatindicatestheapproximatethicknessofglass.

NOTE:Nominalthicknessisusedfordescriptionconvenienceonlyandnotasanexactmanufacturesize.

Pane

Singlepieceofglasscuttosizeforglazing.

Panel

Anassemblycontainingoneormorepanes.

NOTE:Panelsmaybefullyframed,partlyframedorfullyunframed.

Partlyframedglazing

Panelsthathaveoneormoreedgesunframed.

Patternedglass

Glasshavingapatternimpressedononesideorbothsides.

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Rebate

Thepartofaframeintowhichtheedgeofglassisinstalled.

Safetyorganic-backedmirror

Aglazingmaterialconsistingofapieceofmirrorwithasheetoforganicmaterialpermanentlybondedtooneside,whichsatisfiesthetestrequirementsoftherelevantsafetyglazingStandards.

Safetyorganic-coatedglass

Aglazingmaterialconsistingofapieceofglasscoatedandpermanentlybondedononeorbothsideswithacontinuouspolymericcoating,sheetorfilm,whichmeetsthetestrequirementsofthesafetyglazingStandards.

Settingblock

Ablockofresilientnon-absorbentmaterialusedtosupportthedeadloadoftheglassontherebateandpreventglass-to-framecontact.Normallyusedinpairslocatedatquarterpointsoftheglasswidth.

Sidepanel

Apanel(operableorinoperable)locatedadjacenttoadoorway.Itmayormaynotbeinthesameplaneasthedoorway.

Sightline

Theperimeteroftheopening,whichadmitsdaylight(alsoknownasglazingline).

Sightsize

Theclearunsupportedopeningsizethatadmitslight(alsoknownasdaylight).

Slopedoverheadglazing

Glazingthatisinclinedatlessthan75°tothehorizontalandlocated,whollyorpartially,directlyaboveanareathatmaybeoccupiedbypeople.

Slendernessfactor

Spantothicknessratioforallpanelssupportedonfouredges.

Span

Thedimensionbetweensupports.Forpanelssupportedonallfouredges,itcorrespondstothesmallerofthesightsizedimensions.

Structuralbalustrade

Balustrade in which glass resists applied loads as required by AS1170.1 orAS/NZS1170.1.

Structuralsiliconeglazing

Theuseofsiliconesealantnotonlyasaweathersealbutalsoforthestructuraltransferofloadsfromtheglazingpaneltoitsperimetersupportsystem.

Toughenedlaminatedsafetyglass

Laminatedsafetyglassutilizingtwopanelsoftoughenedsafetyglassinthemake-up.

Unframedglazing

Panelswithoutframededges.

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Wardrobedoors

Doorsthatprovideaccesstobuilt-instorageareas,excludingthosefittedtopiecesoffurniturethatarenotbuiltintothebuilding.

NOTE:Doorsprovidingaccesstowalk-inwardrobesaredefinedasdoors.

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SECTION 2 MATERIALS

GLASS

General

Clearordinaryannealedglass,tintedheat-absorbingglass,heat-reflectingglass,patterned,wired,processed,laminatedandtoughenedglassshallbeclassifiedinaccordancewithAS/NZS4667.

GlasstypesnototherwisespecifiedinAS/NZS4667,AS/NZS4668orthisStandard,whichareusedinbuildings,shallbeclassifiedinaccordancewithBS952-1.

Heat-strengthenedglass

WhentestedinaccordancewithASTMC1279,heat-strengthenedglassshallhaveasurfacecompressionof24–69MPa.

NOTE:Heatstrengtheningassociatedwithrelativelyhighresidualstresses≥52.0MPacanleadtoanincreasedriskofspontaneousglassfracture(associatedwithmaterialimpurities).

Toughenedglass

Toughenedglassshallhaveasurfacecompressionofnotlessthan69MPa.

NOTES:

Theprocessoftougheningisusedtoincreasethestrengthofglassandtoproducefracturecharacteristicsthataredesirableinmanysituations;however,theprocessoftougheningcanalsoleadtoanincreasedriskofspontaneousglassfracture(associatedwit