甘肃省兰州市第一中学2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中试题含解析

PAGEPAGE24甘肃省兰州市第一中学2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中试题（含解析）说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分120分。考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第I卷选择题（共50分）第一节阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。AEachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeisconsideredwithgreatcare.WeconsidereachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeasawholeperson,andputenormouscareintoevaluatingeveryapplication.Wehopeyouwillexploretheinformationinthissectiontounderstandwhatwelookforinouradmissionsprocess.HowtoApplySubmityourapplicationthroughtheCommonApplication,theCoalitionApplication,ortheUniversalCollegeApplication.EachistreatedequallybytheAdmissionsCommittee.Completeandsubmityourmaterialsassoonaspossibletoensurefullandtimelyconsiderationofyourapplication.ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation.WhentoApplyDateDeadlineDateDeadlineNovember1EarlyActionDeadlineMarch1FinancialAidApplicationdeadlineNovember1EarlyFinancialAidApplicationdeadlineLateMarchDecisionlettersmailedMid-DecemberEarlyAuctiondecisionsreleasedMay1ReplydateforAdmittedStudentsJanuary1RegularDecisiondeadlineWhatWeLookForWeseekpromisingstudentswhowillcontributetotheHarvardcommunityduringtheircollegeyears,andtosocietythroughouttheirlives.Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement,theAdmissionCommitteeconsidersmanyotherfactors—strongpersonalqualities,specialtalentsorexcellencesofallkinds,perspectivesformedbyunusualpersonalcircumstances,andtheabilitytotakeadvantageofavailableresourcesandopportunities.WeoutlineeverythingyouneedtoapplytoHarvard.Clicks://college.harvard.edu/admissions/applytogetdetailedrequirements.1.Wherecanyoufindstep-by-stepinformationofhowtoapply?A.CommonApplication. B.CoalitionApplication.C.UniversalCollegeApplication. D.ApplicationTips.2.WhichisthefinaldayforFinancialAidApplication?A.November1. B.January1.C.March1. D.May1.3.WhatisthebasicrequirementtoapplyforHarvardUniversity?A.Academicaccomplishment. B.Strongpersonalqualities.C.Specialtalents. D.Uniqueperspectives.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了申请进入哈佛高校的流程，包括如何申请、何时申请以及哈佛高校关注何种类型的考生。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据“HowtoApply”部分中的最终一句ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation可知，假如要知道申请步骤，可以阅读申请建议，故选D。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据题干关键词finalday定位至WhentoApply部分，依据所列表格中March1FinancialAidApplicationdeadline可知，助学金申请的最终期限是3月1日，故选C。【3题详解】细微环节理解题。依据WhatWeLookFor部分中的其次段中的Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement可知，进入哈佛高校就读的最基本条件是学术成就满足要求，故选A。【点睛】文章内容较为简洁，集中考查细微环节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中快速找寻这一细微环节找到后再把这一部分内容细致阅读一遍，细致比较所给选项与文中细微环节的微小区分。如小题2题干中关键词的thefinalday，到文章找到关键词deadline。所以我们考生要通过比较这些微小区分，细致辨别才能得出答案。BWilliamI,whoconqueredEnglandsome930yearsago,hadwealth,powerandanarmy.YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水马桶)，orridinglawnmower(除草机).Howdidhegetby?Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows,Croesusdidnot.EntirenationstrembledbeforeAlexandertheGreat,buthecouldn,tbuycatfood.CzarNicholaslackedanelectricsaw.GivenhowmuchbetteroffIamthansomanyfamousdeadpeople,you,dthinkI,dbecontent.Thetroubleisthat,likemostpeople,Icomparemywealthwiththatoflivingpersons:neighbors,schoolclassmates,famousTVpeople.ThegreedIfeeltowardmyfriendHoward,snewkitchenisnotreducedbythefactnokingseverhadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.’Thereisreallynorisingorfallingstandardofliving.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingstofeelsadabout.You,dthinkthatsimplynothavingdiseasewouldputusinagoodmood,butno,wewantahotbathtoo.Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday,sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.Myhouseissmallerthanthehousesofmanyinvestmentsbankers,butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthanmywifeandIcankeepclean.Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers,fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.Ican,tkeepupwithmyneighborsrightnow.Butjustwait.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getby”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Succeedasaking. B.Dealwithcomplaints.C.Liveinssatisfactoryway. D.Getsomeextramoney.5.Howmanyhistoricalfiguresarementionedtocomparelivesinthepastandpresent?A.3. B.4.C.5 D.66.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor.intendsto.A.tellustobecontentwithlifeB.warnustoliveinasimplewayC.teachustolearnlessonsfromlifeD.encourageustostruggleforwealth7.What,stheauthor,sattitudetowardslife?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Uncaring. D.Cautious.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】本文属于争论文，无论一个人多么的富有，但是用将来人的角度来看，其生活质量都不是很好的，因此作者建议大家要对将来充溢信念，也要满足当下的生活。【4题详解】词义揣测题。依据第一段YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水马桶)，orridinglawnmower(除草机).可知，尽管威廉一世在他那个时代很富有，但是他没有像抽水马桶、除草机这一类的东西，通过Howdidhe可知，他是怎样生活的呢？可知推出getby的意思是通过，过得去，故选C。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。本文提及了WilliamI威廉一世，Croesus克罗伊斯，AlexandertheGreat亚历山大大帝，CzarNicholas沙皇尼古拉斯共计4个历史人物，故选B。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday,sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.可知，获得华蜜的一种方式就是意识到，即使依据今日的生活标准，我拥有的东西都很不错，作者认为获得华蜜感在于对当前拥有的东西感到满足，故选A。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers,fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.用将来一两个世纪的人的标准来看今日，不管是银行家绚丽的工作台面还是我家的装饰材料都相当寒碜，故可知，作者认为生活会随着时代的发展而进步，故选B。CItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocial-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled“Headstart”wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopre-schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeers(同龄人)inlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“Headstart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild’sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefour-yearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocial-economicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.Atthree,thechildreninvolvedinthe“Missouri”programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocial-economicbackgroundandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectual(智力的)skillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocial-economicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild’sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent-childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.The“Missouri”programcomparesquiteclearlywiththe“Headstart”program.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalunfairness.8.Whatcausedthefailureofthe“Headstart”program?A.Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.B.Thelatestartoftheprogram.C.Thedisapprovalfromchildren.D.Thelongperiodoftime.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildren’sperformance?A.Thenumberoffamilymembers. B.Theintelligenceoftheirparents.C.Theparent-childcommunication. D.Theteacher-studentrelationship.10.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Bymakingcomparisons. B.Bylistingfigures.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bydrawingconclusions.【答案】8.B9.C10.A【解析】本文属于说明文，为了探讨促进贫困家庭孩子智力发展，分别进行了Headstart和Missouri项目进行探讨，结果一个失败了，一个胜利了，发觉了父母与孩子的沟通更影响孩子的智力发育。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.”可知，结果不佳，因为项目起先的太晚了，故选B。【9题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent-childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.”可知影响儿童发展一个因素是亲子互动质量差。这种互动在较贫困的家庭中并不肯定是坏的。故可知，父母与孩子的沟通很可能影响孩子的发展，故选C。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据文章最终一段第一句“The“Missouri”programcomparesquitedistinctlywiththe“Headstart”program.”可知“密苏里”支配与“先驱者”支配的对比特别明显，即作者是通过二者之间的对比来发展文章内容的，故选A。其次节阅读补全(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)BecomingRefreshedwithoutsleepingSometimesthereisjustnotenoughhoursinthedaytogeteverythingdoneandgetagoodnight’srest.___11___Onceinawhileyoucangetawaywithasleeplessnightandstillfeelreasonablygoodbyadjustingyourmealsandactivities.____12____Thelastthingyouwanttodowhenyouaretiredisgetwarmandcozy,thiswillcauseyoutofallasleep.Keepingtheairconditioneronwillmakeyoufeelmuchmorealertandrefreshed.Eatsmallamounts.Eatingsmallamountsofhealthyfoodwillhelprefreshyou.Fruitandnutsareagoodchoicebecausetheyarenutritiousandwillenergizeyou___13___Trytosticktolowcarbonmealstokeepyougoing.Chewinggumafteryoursnackorsmallmealwillalsohelpkeepyouawake.Keepitbright.Whenitisdarkyourbodythinksitistimetogotosleep.Turnonlotsoflights,whichwilltrickyourbodyintowakingupandfeelingbetter.___14___Yougetdoublethebenefitsifitisdaytime.Takeabreak.Takingalittlebreakwillhelpyouinthelongrun.Turnupsomeenergizingmusictogetyourselfpositive.Relaxandtalktoafriendinpersonoronthephoneforafewminutes.___15___A.KeepitcoolB.CalmdownandsleepC.Avoidbig,heavymealsastheywillmakeyoutiredD.GoingoutsidewhetheritisdayornightforsomefreshairE.MissingsleepregularlycanmakeyousickandshouldbeavoidedF.Whenyouaretired,youmayjustwanttositaroundanddonothingG.Havingagoodtimeforafewminuteswillrefreshyouquickerthananythingelse.【答案】11.E12.A13.C14.D15.G【解析】本文是说明文。介绍不睡觉使你精神焕发的方法。【11题详解】依据上句：有时候，一天中没有足够的时间来完成每件事，并得到一个好的睡眠。再依据空格下句：间或你也能度过一个不眠之夜，并通过调整你的饮食和活动仍旧感觉不错。可知前面说到notenoughhoursintheday一天没有足够时间睡好，下面要说常常这样缺觉的后果，此空要表达的意思是”常常失眠会使你生病，应当避开”。故选E。【12题详解】此空相当于一个小标题。依据小标题的特点和下文每段句首，可知此空应当是一个祈使句，在A/B/C三个选项中选择。再依据下文：保持空调开着会让你感到更加醒悟和精神激昂。可知A.Keepitcool.符合题意。故选A。【13题详解】依据上文：建议吃少量的食物。吃少量的健康食品有助于复原体力。再依据空格下句：试着坚持低碳饮食来保持健康。可知此空是在说明吃太多的坏处，它们会使你疲惫。big,heavymeals和smallamounts是反义词，故选C。【14题详解】依据上文：当天黑的时候，身体会认为该睡了。把灯打开，这会让你的身体醒悟过来，感觉更好。再依据空格下句：假如是白天，你会得到双倍的福利。得知这是在说前面的行为带来的好处，建议我们：无论是白天还是晚上，到外面去呼吸簇新空气。故选D。【15题详解】依据上文：从长远来看，略微休息一下对你有好处。打开一些充溢活力的音乐让自己主动向上。放松一下，与挚友当面或电话交谈几分钟。可知前面建议做的事情都是休息一会儿，快乐几分钟会，这样做比任何事情都能让你更快地复原体力。故选G。第三节完形填空（共20小题；每题1分，满分20分）WhenIwasayoungboygrowingupinNorthDakota,mygrandparentswerefarmers;AndIrememberthehugegardenthatmyGrandma____16____．Ipromiseyouitwasabout4,000squaremetres．Well,____17____itseemedthatwaytome!She____18____thegardenallbyhand,withahoe(锄头)andsomewater．Eachspringthegardentookshapefromcoldflatearth,whichshechangedthroughmuchhardworkintorowsofhillsreadyfor____19____．Iespeciallyremember____20____Grandmaplantpotatoes．Grandmahad____21____potatoesfromlastyear．Shestoredthemwiththerestoftheharvestintheoutdoorcellar(地窖),wherevegetableswerekeptsafelyall____22____,Whenspringcame,we____23____lastyear'spotatoesandplantedeachpieceintoahillofsoilinthegarden．Ithoughtwewouldnever____24____theendoftheplantingworkeventhougheverybodywashelping!Beforelongthegardenbecamefully_____25_____becauseofsunnydays,warmertemperaturesandrain．_____26_____itneededlotsofhoeingandwateringbyGrandmaandherhelpertohaveaharvest．Itprovidedvegetablesthroughoutthesummer,untilthefinal_____27_____whencoldweathersetin．BythetimeThanksgivingdinner_____28_____,thegroundatmygrandparent'sfarmoftenwouldbecoveredwithsnowandwe'dbe_____29_____foralongwinter．Warminsidethehouse,aroundThanksgivingdinner,welookedthroughwindowsatbare(光秃的)treebranches(树枝)inthe_____30_____garden．Ourwholefamilywould_____31_____potatoesandothervegetablesfromthe_____32_____．Andofcoursewonderfulpumpkin(南瓜)pie…Icansmellitnow!It's_____33_____howapumpkinpiecanmakeme_____34_____yearsofThanksgivingdinners,andhowthatwarmth_____35_____inmyheart．16.A.shared B.controlled C.owned D.found17.A.atfirst B.atlast C.atmost D.atleast18.A.lookedafter B.showedoff C.tookover D.broughtup19.A.watering B.planting C.moving D.giving20.A.helping B.watching C.making D.spying21.A.sold B.saved C.chosen D.spotted22.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter23.A.ate B.fried C.cut D.grew24.A.hear B.reach C.use D.cover25.A.important B.popular C.active D.peaceful26.A.Forexample B.Ofcourse C.Inreturn D.Afterall27.A.flavour B.harvest C.celebration D.ingredient28.A.continued B.followed C.ended D.arrived29.A.right B.ready C.fit D.safe30.A.sleeping B.changing C.tiny D.poor31.A.want B.enjoy C.send D.buy32.A.garden B.market C.store D.farm33.A.difficult B.doubtful C.amazing D.crazy34.A.accept B.understand C.realise D.remember35.A.races B.passes C.remains D.jumps【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.B20.A21.B22.D23.C24.B25.C26.B27.B28.D29.B30.A31.B32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】本文是记叙文。作者讲解并描述了自己小时候帮奶奶在花园里种土豆，春种秋收，冬天和家人一起吃感恩节晚餐的情景。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还记得奶奶拥有的大花园。A.shared共享；B.controlled限制；C.owned拥有；D.found发觉。那个大花园是作者奶奶的。故选C项。【17题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我向你保证，它大约有4000平方米。嗯，至少在我看来是这样的!A.atfirst起初；B.atlast最终；C.atmost至多；D.atleast至少。在小时候的作者眼里，花园至少有4000平方米那么大。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她完全靠双手照看花园，锄地、浇水。A.lookedafter照看；B.showedoff炫耀；C.tookover接管；D.broughtup抚养。依据下文“shechangedthroughmuchhardwork”可知，奶奶辛苦地照看那么大的花园。故选A项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，经过奶奶的辛苦劳作，花园从寒冷平坦的土地变成了一排排的小土丘，打算种植。A.watering浇水；B.planting种植；C.moving搬家；D.giving给。依据下文“Whenspringcame,we8lastyear'spotatoesandplantedeachpieceintoahillofsoilinthegarden．”可知，到了春天，奶奶将地整理出来，打算种土豆。故选B项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尤其记得帮助奶奶种土豆。A.helping帮助；B.watching观看；C.making制造；D.spying监视。依据下文“…everybodywashelping!”可知，春天里播种土豆是很繁重的劳动，大家都帮忙。故选A项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶从前一年就把土豆储存下来。A.sold卖；B.saved保存；C.chosen选择；D.spotted发觉。依据下文“Shestoredthem”可知，奶奶将土豆储存下来。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她将土豆和其他收获的蔬菜一起储存在户外的地窖。整个冬天，蔬菜可以平安地存放在那里。A.spring春天；B.summer夏天；C.autumn秋天；D.winter冬天。依据生活常识，是冬天将蔬菜储存在地窖里。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：春天到了，我们把前一年的土豆切成块，一块块地种在花园的小土丘里。A.ate吃；B.fried煎炸；C.cut切；D.grew成长。依据下文的“…eachpiece”可知，是将土豆切成一块块的，然后种在地里。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为即使大家都在帮忙，我们也恒久不会完成种植的工作!A.hear听；B.reach到达；C.use运用；D.cover覆盖。作者觉得似乎总到不了终点，总完成不了种土豆的工作。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久，由于天晴、气温上升和下雨，花园变得特别活跃。A.important重要的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.active主动的，活跃的；D.peaceful安静的。春天，天气好转，种植的农作物生长快，花园活跃起来。故选C项。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，要想有收获，奶奶和她的帮手得多锄地、浇水。A.Forexample例如；B.Ofcourse当然；C.Inreturn作为回报；D.Afterall终归。好的收成，不仅仅靠天气，当然还须要靠奶奶的辛苦劳作。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个夏天，它都供应蔬菜，直到寒冷的天气来临时的最终一个收获季节。A.flavour香味，气味；B.harvest收获，收成；C.celebration庆祝；D.ingredient原料。奶奶的花园始终都供应好的收成，直到冬天来临。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当感恩节晚餐时间到了的时候，我爷爷奶奶的农场常常被雪覆盖。A.continued接着；B.followed跟着；C.ended结束；D.arrived到达。依据下文“aroundThanksgivingdinner”作者家人围坐在一起吃感恩节晚餐。由此可知，是感恩节晚餐时间到了。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为漫长的冬天做好了打算。A.right正确的；B.ready打算好的；C.fit合适的；D.safe平安的。依据“alongwinter”可知，作者一家为度过漫长的冬天而作打算。故选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暖和的屋子里，围坐着吃感恩节晚餐，我们透过窗户看着寂静的花园里光秃秃的树枝。A.sleeping安静无声的；B.changing改变的；C.tiny小的；D.poor贫困的。依据上文“thegroundatmygrandparent'sfarmoftenwouldbecoveredwithsnow”，冬天到了，大雪覆盖，花园一片安静。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都会享用花园里种出来的土豆和其他蔬菜。A.want想要；B.enjoy享受；C.send发送；D.buy买。作者一家人在享受感恩节晚餐，享受自己种出来的蔬菜。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都会享用花园里种出来的土豆和其他蔬菜。A.garden花园；B.market市场；C.store商店；D.farm农场。依据上文“…plantedeachpieceintoahillofsoilinthegarden”可知，奶奶是在花园里种植土豆。故选A项。33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊异的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩节晚餐，那种暖和依旧留在我的心中。A.difficult困难的；B.doubtful可疑的；C.amazing令人惊异的；D.crazy疯狂的。依据上文“Icansmellitnow!”作者现在还能闻到南瓜派的香味，这让作者惊异。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊异的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩节晚餐，那种暖和依旧留在我的心中。A.accept接受；B.understand理解；C.realise意识到；D.remember记住。依据上文“Icansmellitnow!”作者还记得和家人一起吃感恩节晚餐的情景。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊异的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩节晚餐，那种暖和依旧留在我的心中。A.races竞赛，赛跑；B.passes经过；C.remains保持，停留；D.jumps跳。和家人在一起吃感恩节晚餐的暖和总停留在作者心中。故选C项。第II卷非选择题（共70分）第一节单词拼法（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）36.Twentyyearshasgoneandmyhometownhaschangedbeyondr___________.（依据首字母填空）【答案】recognition【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：二十年过去了，我的家乡已经变得认不出来了。依据单词首字母以及上文的介词beyond，可知应填名词recognition“识别”作宾语，recognition为不行数名词。故填recognition。37.Tobehonest,Iwas____________(完全地)frightenedbythethunderjustnow.（依据汉语意思填空）【答案】entirely【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：醇厚说，刚才雷声把我吓坏了。依据汉语意思“完全地”，可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词frightened，作状语。故填entirely。38.I_________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.（依据首字母填空）【答案】Ignoring【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：忽视这两种探讨结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严峻的错误之一。依据句意和首字母I提示可知，ignore忽视，动词，符合题意，分析句子结构可知，空处需用动名词作主语。故填Ignoring。39.Hehaspaidseveralo_________visitstoourcountrysincehecametopower.（依据首字母单词拼法）【答案】official【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他执政以来对我国进行了多次正式访问。依据单词首字母以及句意“正式”，可知应填形容词official，作定语修饰后文名词visits。故填official。40.Afteranearthquakemostsurvivorscanbeexpectedto____________(复原)fromtrauma(创伤)overtime,particularlywiththesupportoffamilyandfriends.（依据汉语意思填空）【答案】recover【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词。句意：地震后，大多数生还者可以被期盼着随着时间的推移而复原，特殊是在家人和挚友的支持下。依据汉语提示“复原”，以及上文beexpectedto可知此处应填动原形，构成不定式作主语补足语，recover“复原”是动词，故填recover。【点睛】41.Whileshopping,womencannothelp___________（劝服）tobuysomethingtheydon’treallywant.（依据汉语意思填空）【答案】beingpersuaded【解析】【详解】考查动名词的被动形式。句意：在购物时，女性忍不住会被劝服去买她们其实并不须要的东西。依据汉语提示可知，persuade劝服，动词，符合题意，cannothelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词，因为是“被劝服”，所以空处需用动名词的被动形式：beingdone。故填beingpersuaded。42.Peopledevelopa_________(偏爱)foraparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyage.（依据汉语提示单词拼法）【答案】preference【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：人们在很小的时候就形成了对某种学习方式的偏好。依据汉语提示“偏爱”，以及上文冠词a，可知应填单数名词preference，作宾语。故填preference。43.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinr________.（依据首字母填空）【答案】ruins【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：其次天，当他们回到Rockaway

时，他们发觉旁边一片废墟。依据句意和首字母r提示可知，inruins一片废墟，固定搭配，符合题意。故填ruins。44.Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,_________(埋头)herheadinthebookinherhands.（依据汉语意思填空）【答案】burying【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女孩坐在公园的长椅上，把头埋在手里的书里。依据汉语意思“埋头”可知应填动词bury，且分析句子结构可知，bury在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语girl构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填burying。45.Theschoolhasasystemof_________(嘉奖)andpunishmentstoencouragegoodbehaviour.（依据汉语意思填空）【答案】rewards【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：学校有一套奖惩制度来激励良好的行为。依据汉语提示可知，reward嘉奖，名词，符合题意，由空后andpunishments可知，空处名词需用复数，与其形式保持一样。故填rewards。其次节.单句语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）46.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool________Mr.Smithgotangry?(用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】【分析】本题考查语法语境应用实力。【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是因为杰克上学迟到，史密斯先生生气的吗？分析可知，把Wasit和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清楚，由此推断，本句应是强调句结构：itwas+被强调部分+that+其他，假如被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，句中强调缘由状语“becauseJackcamelateforschool”。故填that。47.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam__________(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】(should)be【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大的时候做第一次眼科检查。recommend表示“建议”时，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should可省略。故填(should)be。48.Besidesthehigh-speedrailsystem,China_________(improve)people’slivesinmanyotherinnovativefieldsoverthelastdecade.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】hasimproved【解析】【分析】

【详解】考查动词时态。句意：除了高铁系统，在过去十年里，中国在很多其他创新领域改善了人们的生活。所填空应是句子谓语，结合时间状语“overthelastdecade”可知，应是现在完成时，主语“China”为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填hasimproved。49.Everyonewantingtobesuccessfulhastopickthemselvesupandcontinuepracticing________theyreachagoal.（用适当的词填空）【答案】until【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每个想要胜利的人都必需打起精神，不断练习，直到达到目标。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……”应用until。故填until。50.Aseriesoflectures_________(be)scheduled.（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】hasbeen/was【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：一系列演讲被支配了。分析句子可知，设空处是谓语动词，结合句意，“schedule”这一动作已经发生，用一般过去时，或者表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果，用现在完成时；主语Aseriesoflectures与谓语动词schedule是被动关系，用被动语态；Aseriesof修饰名词作主语，谓语动词与Aseries保持一样，用单数，故填hasbeen/was。【点睛】51.Theuniversityhasafewdozenlecturers,allof__________havegraduatedfromtop-classuniversities.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whom【解析】【分析】本题考查语法语境应用实力。【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：这所高校有几十名讲师，他们都毕业于一流高校。分析可知，“allof__________havegraduatedfromtop-classuniversities”应是之前名词短语“afewdozenlecturers”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，应用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。52.Howlongwillitbe________hefinisheshishomework?（用适当的词填空）【答案】before【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：他还要多久才完成作业？依据句意可知，此处是固定句型Itwillbe+段时间+before...“要过才”的特殊疑问句形式，因为是对一段时间提问，所以用了howlong。故填before。53.Theteachertoldusthathe_________(teach)Englishsincehecamehere.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】hadbeenteaching【解析】【分析】本题考查词汇语法语境应用实力。【详解】考查动词时态。句意：老师告知我们自从他来到这里就始终教英语。分析可知，所填空应是宾语从句谓语，结合语境以及该宾语从句的时间状语“sincehecamehere”可知，应是现在完成进行时，且主句谓语动词“told”为一般过去时，因此应遵循“时态一样原则”，用过去完成进行时。故填hadbeenteaching。54.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________(be)risingsince1990.（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】hasbeen【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一样。句意：自1990年以来，在中国高校就读的外国学生人数始终在上升。依据后文since1990可知应用现在完成时，且主语为“thenumberof+复数名词”，谓语动词应用单数，故助动词应用has。故填hasbeen。55.Once________(find),anymistakemustbecorrected.（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】found【解析】【详解】考查省略句。句意：一旦发觉任何错误，都必需改正。once连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，此处从句中陈述客观事实，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故为一般现在时的被动语态，完整为once(anymistakeis)found。故填found。第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthedistantpast,friendsreliedoneachotherfortheirsurvival.Theyhuntedtogetheranddefendedeachotheragainst___56___(danger)animalsandenemies.Inthosedays,ifyoudidn’thaveafriend,youwouldeitherstarve,___57___(eat)orkilled.Nowadays,friendshipisn’t___58___(exact)amatteroflifeanddeath.However,friendshipisstillofgreatimportanceandnothavingafriendissomethingtobe____59____(concern)about.Mostpeoplelookuponafriendassomeonetheycandependonwhentheyaregoing____60____timesoftrouble.Insuchtimes,friendsprovidethemwithemotionalsupportandsometimesfinancialhelp.Itisinthesetroubledtimes_____61_____theyfindoutwhotheirtruefriendsare.Asanoldsaying___62___(go),intimesofsuccess,friendswillbeplenty;intimesof___63___(suffer),notoneintwenty.Andthereisanothersaying___64___saysyoucanhardlymakeafriendinayear,butyoucaneasilyupsetoneinanhour.Sodoyourbesttogetalongwithandbegratefultoallthose____65____arewillingtosidewithyouevenwhenyouareinthewrongastheyaretruefriends.【答案】56.dangerous57.beeaten58.exactly59.concerned60.through61.that62.goes63.suffering64.that65.who【解析】这是一篇争论文。文章主要讲解并描述了挚友的重要性。在遥远的过去，挚友们是相互依靠才能生存的，他们一起打猎，相互爱护，抵挡危急的动物和敌人，否则要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。现在，大多数人都把挚友看作是在经验困难时可以依靠的人。因此，要珍惜时刻陪在身边的挚友。【56题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们一起打猎，相互爱护，抵挡危急的动物和敌人。形容词作定语,修饰之后名词“animals”。故填dangerous。【57题详解】考查被动语态。句意：在那些日子里，假如你没有一个挚友，你要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。分析可知，“__2___(eat)”应是与之前动词“starve”，之后“killed”为并列结构，共同与情态动词“would”搭配作句子谓语，主语“you”与“eat”之间为被动关系，应用被动结构。故填beeaten。【58题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，友情已不再是生死攸关的问题。修饰be动词，用副词。故填exactly。【59题详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，友情仍旧是特别重要的，没有挚友是一件须要担忧的事情。beconcernedabout担忧，该短语是固定短语，所以填concerned。【60题详解】考查固定短语。句意：大多数人都把挚友看作是在经验困难时可以依靠的人。“gothrough”，固定短语，意为“经验；经受”。故填through。【61题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是在这些困难时期，他们才发觉谁才是真正挚友。分析句子结构，把Itis和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清楚，所以推断出，这里是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是：itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他，假如被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。这里强调时间状语inthesetroubledtimes，故填that。【62题详解】考查动词时态。句意：俗话说，在胜利的时候，挚友会很多；在苦难的时候，二十个人中没有一个。所填空应是从句谓语，结合语境,描述一个客观的事实，时态为一般现在时，主语“anoldsaying”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填goes。【63题详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，在胜利的时候，挚友会很多；在苦难的时候，二十个人中没有一个。结合空前为介词“of”，所填空应是名词作宾语，suffering是不行数名词。故填suffering。【64题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：还有一种说法是，一年之内你很难交到一个挚友，但你很简洁在一个小时内让一个挚友心烦。分析可知，“___9___saysyoucanhardlymakeafriendinayear,butyoucaneasilyupsetoneinanhour”为之前名词“anothersaying”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。【65题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：所以，尽你最大的努力与那些情愿站在你一边的人相处并心存感谢，因为他们是真正的挚友。分析可知，“10arewillingtosidewithyou”为之前those的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，当先行词为指人的those时，只能用who，不能用that。故填who。第四节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）66.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出改加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIfirstlearntowriteinEnglish,Iranintomuchdifficulties.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateintomyownlanguageeverythingwhichIcameacrosswhileIwasreading.Myteacheradvisedmyselftokeepadiary.Ifollowedheradvicesandputdown100wordsorsooneachday.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfwithsimpleEnglish.OnedayIwroteastoryandshowedtomyteacher.Helikedittoomuchthathereadittotheclass.Allsaidthatthestorywasagoodone.Theirwordswereagreatencouragementtome.【答案】1.learn→learned2.much→many3.which→that或删去which4.myself→me5.advices→advice6.(eachday前)on删去7.talk→talking8.with→in9.showed后加it10.too→so【解析】分析】本文是记叙文。作者讲解并描述了自己学英语的经验。【详解】1.考查时态。由后面ran可知，此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应当用一般过去时，故将learn改为learned。2.考查形容词。much修饰不行数名词，many修饰可数名词复数，修饰difficulties要用many，故将much改为many。3.考查定语从句。定语从句中，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that而不用which，作宾语时也可以省略，故which改为that或删去which。4.考查代词。此处是说老师建议我记日记，advisesb.todosth.表示“建议某人做某事”，故将myself改为me。5.考查名词单复数。advice是不行数名词，没有复数形式，故将advices改为advice。6.考查介词。eachday“每天”作状语，无需加介词。故去掉eachday前的on。7.考查非谓语动词。enjoy后要接动名词作宾语，表示“喜爱做某事”，故将talk改为talking。8.考查介词。介词in后接表示语言的名词,表示“用……语言”，故将with改为in。9.考查代词。showsth.tosb.表示“把某物展示给某人”，此处指代前面的astory，故在showed后加it。10.考查副词。so…that…为固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”，故将very改为so。【点睛】动词常见的改错形式：一是时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；二是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语，