河南省信阳市2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末教学质量检测试题含解析

PAGE25-河南省信阳市2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末教学质量检测试题（含解析）(测试时间：120分钟卷面总分：150分)留意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthemansendtheparcel?A.Byairmail.B.Byordinarymail.C.Byexpressmail.2.Whereisthewomanlivingatthemoment?A.Inahotel.B.Inheroldflat.C.Inhernewhouse.3.Whatwillthewomandonext?AWorkonareport.B.Answeracall.C.Takearest.4.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Aposter.B.Aconcert.C.Amusician.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inamuseum.B.Inashop.C.Inacinema.其次节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whereisthemanworking?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inatravelagency.C.Inahotel.7.WhatdidthemandolastSaturday?A.Hetooksomeorders.B.Heshoutedatthestaff.C.Hecalmeddownhisuncle.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whichplacedoesthemanneedtogoto?A.Acarpark.B.Atrainstation.C.Abusstop.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodofirst?A.Turntotheright.B.Walktowardsariver.C.Gotoashoppingcenter.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aparty.B.Abeach.C.Aholiday.11.Whathappenedtothewomanthenextday?A.Shegothurtinthewaves.B.Shegothersunglassesback.C.ShereceivedapresentfromRoy.12.Howdidthewomanfeelintheend?A.Unlucky.B.Surprised.C.Frightened.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Afteraninterview.B.Duringaninterview.C.Beforeaninterview.14.HowmanypeopledoesMr.Welschneedtointerviewtoday?A.7.B.8.C.9.15.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Getapen.B.Filloutsomeforms.C.Workonsometeachingmaterials.16.WhatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenMr.Welschandthewoman?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Interviewerandinterviewee.C.Fellowworkers.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdid70%ofthestudentslikedoing?A.Doingsports.B.Listeningtomusic.C.Goingoutwithfriends.18.Whatsurprisedthespeaker?A.Shoppingwasconsideredtobeentertainment.B.Moststudentsspent15hourswatchingTVaweek.C.Goingtocinemawasmorepopularthanwatchingsports.19.Whatwasthemainreasonwhythestudentsdidn'tgotothetheaterintown?A.Theydidn'tlikeactingordramas.B.Theirdramacluboftenputonshows.C.Therewasnotransporttotowntheaters.20.Whatpercentageofmoststudents'moneyisspentonentertainment?A.About12%.B.About25%.C.About35%.其次部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。AFreeLevelTest:SpanishcoursesinSydneyLetyourlanguagejourneybegin.Spanishisthesecondmostspokenlanguageintheworldandtheofficiallanguageofmorethan20states,includingSpain,Mexico,Colombia,Argentina,Peru,Venezuela,Chile,etc.IfyouareplanningatriporjustwanttolearnSpanish,considertakingafreeSpanishLevelTestatInstitutoCervantesSydney,theofficialSpanishlanguageandculturalcentreinAustralia.InstitutoCervantesSydneyishometoSpanishlanguageclasseswhosepurposeistodevelopstudents’abilitytounderstand,speak,readandwriteinSpanish.Allteachersareuniversityqualifiedandusethemostup-to-dateteachingmethods.IfyoualreadyhavesomeknowledgeofSpanish,thisLevelTestisfitforyou,asyouwillbetestedbyoneoftheteachersbeforebeingputintoaclass.YoucanalsohavealltheinformationyouneedtostartlearningSpanishhere,includingcoursesandcosts.Askthecustomerserviceteammembersaboutinformationonthefreelibraryserviceforstudentsandtheexcitingculturalactivitiesheldallyearround.Ifyouhaven'tstudiedSpanishbefore,youcanenroll(注册)onlineinalevelA1.1(BeginnerCourse).Youcanalsoenrollatthereceptionduringbusinesshours.Don'tmissoutondiscounts.LearnSpanishwithuptoa7%EarlyBirdDiscountifyouenrollbeforethe20ofApril.StudentsatInstitutoCervantesSydneyalsoenjoyspecialdiscountsonactivitiessuchasdanceclasses,cinematicketsandmuchmore.BeginyourSpanishlanguagejourneywithInstitutoCervantesSydneytodaybyjoiningafreeLevelTestthissummer;therearedifferentclassestochoosefrombetweenthe11hand18ofApril.FormoreinformationonInstitutoCervantesSydneyandtheirclassesandculturalactivities,pleasevisitsidney.cervantes.es/en/default.shtm.1.ToastudentwhohaslearnedSpanish,theclasshewillbeinisdecidedby_______.A.whichcountryheisfrom B.hisgradesinaLevelTestC.whenheenrollsforthecourse D.hisreasonsforlearningSpanish2.WhatdoweknowabouttheSpanishcourses?A.TheyareaboutbusinessSpanish. B.Theycenteronlearners'listening.C.Theyarerunwithculturalactivities. D.Theyaretaughtwithtraditionalmethods.3.Whyarelearnersadvisedtoenrollbeforethe20"ofApril?A.Theycansavesomemoney B.Theycangotofreedanceclasses.C.Theycanstarttheirclassesearlier. D.Theycanchoosetheirfavoriteteachers.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍西班牙课程免费水平测试的相关信息。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。由第五段的第一句“IfyoualreadyhavesomeknowledgeofSpanish,thisLevelTestisfitforyou,asyouwillbetestedbyoneoftheteachersbeforebeingputintoaclass.”可知，假如你已经驾驭了一些西班牙语学问，那么这个水平测试特别适合你，因为你在安排班级之前将会被其中一个老师进行测试。由此可见，对于学过西班牙语的学生来说，他将所在的班级是由他在水平测试中的成果确定的。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。由第六段“Askthecustomerserviceteammembersaboutinformationonthefreelibraryserviceforstudentsandtheexcitingculturalactivitiesheldallyearround.”可知，向客服团队询问关于学生免费图书馆服务以及全年举办令人兴奋的文化活动的相关信息。由此可见，西班牙语课会举办一些文化活动。结合选项可知，选项C正确。【3题详解】细微环节理解题。由第八段的其次句“LearnSpanishwithuptoa7%EarlyBirdDiscountifyouenrollbeforethe20ofApril.”可知，假如你在四月20之前注册，学习西班牙语会有多达7%的优先报名折扣。由此可见，建议学生在四月20日之前注册，是因为他们可以享受实惠，节约钱。结合选项可知，选项A正确。BMyyoungestsonhasasevereformofAutism(自闭症).Eventhoughheisinhistwentiesnowhestillhasthemindofasmallchild.ThingsIfindsillydelighthimandlittlechangesthatwouldn'tbothermeatallbotherhimgreatly.Mostofthetimeheishappybuttherearealsotimeswhenhecanbeterriblyupset.Hewilltearupthingsandcryfornoreason.ItalwayshurtsmetoseehimsufferthiswayespeciallywhenthereislittleIcandotohelp.Thismorningwasparticularlytryingforhim.Hebrokeanewshirtandcriedonandoffforanhour.Finallyhecalmeddown.Iwasstillfeelingstressed,however,andtiredlysatdownatmycomputertoseeifIcouldgetalittleworkdone.AsIwasturningiton,Iheardmysonlaughforthefirsttimeallday.Iturnedmyheadandsawhimstandingdirectlyundertheglassangelhangingfromourceilingfan.Thelightfromourhouselampsseemedtoshinebrightlyallaroundhimlikeahalo(光环).Hiseyeslitupasthelittleangelswunggentlyabovehishead.Atthatmomentmyheartopened.IcouldseethatthemiraclewasremindingmethatmysonwasmorethanhisAutism.Iinsteadsawtheshiningsoulwithin.Isawtheloveandlightofhisspiritandknewhewashereforapurpose.MyeyeswateredandIappreciatedthisminormiracleandgentlereminderofhisloveforallofus.Miraclesareallaroundus,butwecan'talwaysseethemwithoureyes.Weoftenhavetoseethemwithourhearts.Keepyourheartopentothemthen.Andletyourselfbethemiracleyouweremeanttobe!4Whatcanwelearnabouthersonfromthefirstparagraph?A.Nothingcanbringjoytohim. B.Heisalwayslostinhisownworld.C.Anyhelpfromhismotherisinvain. D.Hisupsetarisesfromobviousreasons.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trying”meaninparagraph2?A.Terrifying. B.Embarrassing. C.Exhausting. D.Annoying.6.Whatmakeshismothergratefultohim?A.Hisburstoflaughter. B.Hischangeableemotions.C.Hissoulfulloflove. D.Hiseyesfullofcuriosity.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Miraclescomeinmoments. B.Amother'sloveneverchanges.C.Autismcallsforpublicconcern. D.Communicationcomesfromhearts.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者患有自闭症的儿子，在看到一只悬挂在电风扇下的玻璃天使后，病情奇迹般好转的故事。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。由第一段中的“MyyoungestsonhasasevereformofAutism(自闭症).Eventhoughheisinhistwentiesnowhestillhasthemindofasmallchild.ThingsIfindsillydelighthimandlittlechangesthatwouldn'tbothermeatallbotherhimgreatly.Mostofthetimeheishappybuttherearealsotimeswhenhecanbeterriblyupset.Hewilltearupthingsandcryfornoreason.”（我最小的儿子患有严峻的自闭症。尽管他现在二十多岁了，但他的头脑仍旧像个小孩子。我觉得很傻的事情让他很兴奋，一些根本不会让我苦恼的小改变也会让他特别苦恼。大多数时候他很兴奋，但也有一些时候他会特别懊丧。他会撕碎东西，无缘无故地哭。）可知作者儿子有自闭症，照旧像个孩子，自己觉得快乐就快乐，不快乐就不快乐，随意哭闹，懊丧时就通过撕东西来发泄心情，说明他不太关注外界的事物，宠爱沉醉在自己的世界中。故选B项。【5题详解】词义揣测题。由其次段中的“Thismorningwasparticularlytryingforhim.Hebrokeanewshirtandcriedonandoffforanhour.Finallyhecalmeddown.”（今日早上对他来说特殊烦躁。他破坏了一件新衬衫，断断续续地哭了一个小时。他最终安静下来了。）可知作者儿子弄坏衣服又不停哭，是因为烦躁，trying在此处意为“Annoying”（使苦恼的）。故选D项。【6题详解】细微环节理解题。由第三段中的“Iinsteadsawtheshiningsoulwithin.Isawtheloveandlightofhisspiritandknewhewashereforapurpose.”（相反，我看到了内心闪烁的灵魂。我看到了他的灵魂的爱和光线，知道他来这里是有目的的。）可知是儿子的灵魂充溢了爱让他妈妈感谢。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由第三段中的“IcouldseethatthemiraclewasremindingmethatmysonwasmorethanhisAutism.”（我可以看到奇迹提示我，我的儿子不仅仅是自闭症。）“MyeyeswateredandIappreciatedthisminormiracleandgentlereminderofhisloveforallofus.”（我的眼睛潮湿了，我观赏这个小小的奇迹，以及他对我们全部人的爱的温顺提示。）和最终一段“Miraclesareallaroundus,butwecan'talwaysseethemwithoureyes.Weoftenhavetoseethemwithourhearts.Keepyourheartopentothemthen.Andletyourselfbethemiracleyouweremeanttobe!”（奇迹就在我们身边，但我们不能总是亲眼看到它们。我们经常要专心去看。那就对它们敞快乐扉吧。让自己成为你命中注定的奇迹！）可知奇迹就在我们身边，随时驾临 ，A项“奇迹随时会出现”符合文意，最适合作文章题目。故选A项。CInanationofschoolstypicallynamedwithsensibleacronyms(首字母缩写词)orafterthenamesofdeadFrenchmen,63seemsastrangetitleforaninstitutionofhigherlearning.Butthen,XavierNiel'snewtechnologyacademyhardlyaimstobeconventional.Niel,afriendlytelecommunicationsmanagerwithseveralbillioneurostohisname,setupthePariscampusthisyeartoprovideprogrammingclasses.Itsverynameissomethingmysterious:IntheHitchhiker'sGuidetotheGalaxy,thescience-fictionnovelbyDouglasAdams,thenumber63istheanswertothemeaningoflife,theuniverseandeverything.Therearenolectures—thecollegeachievesitsteachinggoalsbycombininganextremeformof“student-to-studentlearning”withproject-basedlearning.Studentscanonlyfind“friendlyorganizers"wearingT-shirtsinsteadoflecturers.Nodegreewillbeawarded,normustincomingstudents,ages18to30,behighschoolgraduates.63istuition-freeandhassoughttoattractstudentsfromthecountry’spoorestneighborhoods.Theschoolbreakswiththeconventionalmethods,andNielbelievesitwillproducegraduateswhoaremorecreative,moreemployable,morediverseandmoreusefultotheweakFrencheconomyasaresult.Therewere20,000applicantsthisyeartoenter63.Intheend,just900wereadmittedtothethree-yearprogram.Theschoolwillteachproblem-solving,itscreatorssay.Someeducatorscallthisunworkable.Toprovidestudentswith“recipes”ishardlyenough,saidPierreBaylet,anadministratorattheInstituteMinesTelecom,atelecommunicationsschool.“Youhavetoteachthemtocook!”BaylettoldtheeducationmagazineI'Etudiant.Still,somepublicofficialshavewelcomedit,especiallythosewhoareconcernedwiththestateoftheeconomy.Similarmethodsareusedbyotherprivateuniversities,includingEpitech,theprogrammingcollegeformerlyledbyNicolasSadirac(63'sdirector)andgenerallyconsideredFrance'sbest.Butannualtuitionthereandatsimilarinstitutionsrunsintoseveralthousandeuros.CorentinDenos,18,saidhewouldneedtofinda“suitcasefullofmoney”toaffordthat.Hescoredhigh,survivedthemonthlongcampinParisandwasadmittedby63.Theacademymightstrikesomeas“abitstrange”,Denossaid.“Itfitsmeperfectly.”8.Whatdowelearnaboutthename63?A.IthonorsadeadFrenchman. B.ItwasgivenbyDouglasAdams.C.Itisfromatraditionaluniversity. D.Itcomesfromanumberinanovel.9.Whichofthefollowingisanunusualfeatureof63?A.Itisrunbypublicofficials. B.Ithasnoteachers.C.Itgivesstudentsnoassignments. D.Itishugelyexpensive.10.HowdidPierreBayletseemtolookat63?A.Itwascreative. B.Itforgottoteachcookingskills.C.Itwouldn'tsucceed. D.Itshouldn'tofferstudentsrecipes.11.WhatdidCorentinDenossayaboutcollegeslikeEpitech?A.Heconsideredtheirtuitionfeestoohigh. B.Hedidn'tliketheirteachingmethods.C.Hedreamedofgoingtosuchcolleges. D.Hethoughttheywereabitstrange.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章向读者简洁地介绍了一所非传统的新技术学院63。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。由第三段“Itsverynameissomethingmysterious:IntheHitchhiker'sGuidetotheGalaxy,thescience-fictionnovelbyDouglasAdams,thenumber63istheanswertothemeaningoflife,theuniverseandeverything.”（它的名字很神奇：在道格拉斯·亚当斯的科幻小说《银河系漫游指南》中，63这个数字是生命、宇宙和一切事物意义的答案。），可知63来自小说中的一个数字。故选D项。【9题详解】推理推断题。由第四段中的“Therearenolectures—thecollegeachievesitsteachinggoalsbycombininganextremeformof“student-to-studentlearning”withproject-basedlearning.Studentscanonlyfind“friendlyorganizers"wearingT-shirtsinsteadoflecturers.”（没有讲座——学院通过结合极端形式的“学生对学生的学习”和基于项目的学习来实现其教学目标。学生只能找到穿着T恤衫的“友好组织者”，而不是讲师。），可知63是一所没有老师的高校。故选B项。【10题详解】推理推断题。由第七段中的“Someeducatorscallthisunworkable.Toprovidestudentswith“recipes”ishardlyenough,saidPierreBaylet,anadministratorattheInstituteMinesTelecom,atelecommunicationsschool.“Youhavetoteachthemtocook!”BaylettoldtheeducationmagazineI'Etudiant.”（一些教化工作者称这是行不通的。InstituteMinesTelecom的管理员PierreBaylet说，给学生供应“食谱”是远远不够的。“你得教他们做饭！Baylet告知教化杂志I'Etudiant。），可推断出PierreBaylet认为63的教学模式不会胜利。故选C项。【11题详解】推理推断题。由最终一段第一句“CorentinDenos,18,saidhewouldneedtofinda“suitcasefullofmoney”toaffordthat.”（18岁的CorentinDenos说，他须要找到一个“装满钱的手提箱”来支付这笔费用。），可推断出Denos觉得Epitech这样的学校收费太高。故选A项。DSonyhasanewdeviceforanyonewho'severwishedtheycouldcarrytheirairconditioneronhotsummerdays.CalledReonPocket,thesmall,lightweightmachineslidesintotheupperbackpocketofaspeciallydesignedT-shirt.Controlledwithasmartphoneapp,it'scapableofheatingorcoolingthewearerviathePeltiereffect,athermodynamic(热力学)principlewidelyusedinrefrigeration.TheReonPocketcomesoutofSony’sstartupaccelerationprogram,andSonyiscurrentlycrowdfunding(众筹)thedevice.Supporterscanchoosefromafewdifferentpackages,iftheywantmultipleT-shirtsforinstance,butabasiconeincludingthedeviceandoneshirtcosts￥14,080.There'sacatch,though:SonyonlyhasplanstoreleasetheReonPocketinJapanatpresent.Thetargetaudienceismostlybusinessmenwhohavetowearasuitinthesummer,thoughthecompanysaysitwilljudgeitswiderrelevancebasedonthecrowdfundingresults.Rightnow,though,theT-shirtsavailablecomeinmen'ssizes,small,medium,orlarge.Thedeviceisnotreallyforall-dayusesomuchasmovingbetweenair-conditionedorheatedareas,suchastravellingtowork.Thebatterytakesaroundtwohourstochargeandlastsabout90minutes.InablogpostfromSony'sstartupaccelerator,YoichiIto,aprojectleaderonReonPocket,saidhisteamstartedthinkingofwaystocombinetechnologywithfashion.ReonPocketwastheresult.Japanesebuyerslookingtobattletherecordheatthissummerwillhavetowait,though.Ifthecrowdfundingissuccessful,deliveriesofthedevicearescheduledtobegininJuly2024.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribethenewdevice?A.Portable. B.Widely-used. C.Plain. D.Energy-saving.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“packages”inParagraph3referto?A.SetsofT-shirts. B.Setsofprograms. C.Setsofservices. D.Setsofitems.14.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewdevicefromthepassage?A.Onlybusinessmencanhavefreeaccesstoit. B.Thefundraisingaffectsitspopularization.C.ItsspecialdesignmakesitsellwellinJapan. D.Itcanberechargeablewithalonglifebattery.15.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Topopularizemodernconveniences. B.Tocombinetechnologyandfashion.C.Tointroduceanewelectricdevice. D.Toraisemoneyforagoodcause.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要在介绍索尼的一款新的装有可以令穿戴者凉快的设备的T恤衫ReonPocket。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。由第一段“Sonyhasanewdeviceforanyonewho'severwishedtheycouldcarrytheirairconditioneronhotsummerdays.”和其次段的第一句“CalledReonPocket,thesmall,lightweightmachineslidesintotheupperbackpocketofaspeciallydesignedT-shirt.”可知，索尼为希望能够在燥热的夏天携带他们空调的人供应了一款新设备。这款小型而且轻型的机器叫ReonPocket,它是嵌入到一款特地设计的T恤衫的上部后口袋中。由此可见，这款新的设备是可随身携带的。结合选项可知，选项A正确。【13题详解】词义揣测题。由第三段的其次句中的后半部分“butabasiconeincludingthedeviceandoneshirtcosts￥14,080.”可知，但是一个包含有这个设备和一件衬衫的基本款价值￥14,080。由此可见，one指代的是package，这个package包含了设备和一件衬衫，这说明package指的是这些项目。结合选项可知，选项D正确。【14题详解】推理推断题。由第四段的第一句的后半部分“thoughthecompanysaysitwilljudgeitswiderrelevancebasedonthecrowdfundingresults.”和最终一段的最终一句“Ifthecrowdfundingissuccessful,deliveriesofthedevicearescheduledtobegininJuly2024”可知，但是该公司表示它将会依据众筹的结果去推断它的更广泛的相关群体。假如众筹胜利，这款设备的交付安排在2024年7月起先。由此可见，资金的筹集会影响到这款设备的普及。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【15题详解】推理推断题。由全文内容可知，由第一段“Sonyhasanewdeviceforanyonewho'severwishedtheycouldcarrytheirairconditioneronhotsummerdays.”，其次段的第一句“CalledReonPocket,thesmall,lightweightmachineslidesintotheupperbackpocketofaspeciallydesignedT-shirt.”，第四段的第一句“Thetargetaudienceismostlybusinessmenwhohavetowearasuitinthesummer,thoughthecompanysaysitwilljudgeitswiderrelevancebasedonthecrowdfundingresults.”以及第五段的最终一句“Thebatterytakesaroundtwohourstochargeandlastsabout90minutes.”可知，索尼为希望能够在燥热的夏天携带他们空调的人供应了一款新设备。这款小型而且轻型的机器叫ReonPocket,它是陷入到一款特地设计的T恤衫的上部后口袋中。这款设备的目标群体大部分是不得不在夏天穿西装的商业人士，但是该公司表示它将会依据众筹的结果去推断它的更广泛的相关群体。该设备的电池大约须要2小时充电并且能持续90分钟。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是在介绍索尼一款新的可以令穿戴者凉快的电子设备。结合选项可知，选项C正确。其次节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It'sgoodtohaveahealthysenseofwhat'sdangerousWhatgoodisfear?Fearisatoolthatthebrainusestokeepthebodysafe.___16___.Fasterheartbeatandbreathingsendmorebloodandoxygentothemusclessotheyarereadywhenthey’reneeded.Stresschemicalscanmakeapersonmorealarmed.___17___.Wekeepacloseeyeonbabiesbecausetheydon'tunderstandwhatmighthurtthem.Asbabiesgrow,theylearnwhat’sunsafe,andtheirbrainsstorethosememories.Thentheirbrainsusefeartowarnthemofdangers.___18___Experiencescanleadtolong-lastingfearsthatmaystopapersonfromtryingnewthings.We'rebornwiththeabilitytofeelfear,butalotofwhatwe'reafraidofislearned.“Beingafraiddoesn'tmeanyou'reweak.”Dr.Kerrsays.___19___.Andyourbraindoesn'twantyoutohaveitagain.Ifadogbitsomeone,thatpersonmightfeelafraidofalldogs.Otherpeoplemayhavenospecialfearofdogsbutmaybeafraidofotherthings,suchasheights,snakesorspiders.HowtofeellessafraidManypeoplehavebeatentheirownfears.Here'sonemethod:Insteadoflisteningtotheirimagination,theylearnthefactsaboutanythingthatseemsscary.___20___.A.ToomuchcanbeharmfulB.OurmemoriesalsohelpprotectusC.Forsomepeople,choosingtobescaredcanbefunD.KnowledgecanhelpapersonfeellessafraidE.Iturgesapersontohide,runaway,ordefendoneselfF.UnderstandingthefactgivesmeasenseofconfidenceG.Along-lastingfearcanmeanyou'vehadabadexperience【答案】16.E17.B18.A19.G20.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述恐惊的好处和坏处，以及如何削减恐惊。【16题详解】由空格前一句“Fearisatoolthatthebrainusestokeepthebodysafe.”可知，恐惊是一个大脑用来爱护身体平安的工具。选项E“Iturgesapersontohide,runaway,ordefendoneself.”表达的是它促进人们去隐藏，逃跑或者防卫。选项E中的“隐藏，逃跑或者防卫”都是对空格前一句中的“爱护身体平安”的详细描述，符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】由第一段的第七句“Asbabiesgrow,theylearnwhat’sunsafe,andtheirbrainsstorethosememories.”和最终一句“Thentheirbrainsusefeartowarnthemofdangers.”可知，随着婴儿的长大，他们学会了什么是担心全的，并且他们的大脑会将那些记忆进行存储。然后他们的大脑运用恐惊警告他们危急。由此可见，这是在表达担心全事情的记忆也会帮助我们远离危急。选项B“Ourmemoriesalsohelpprotectus”表达的是我们的记忆也会帮助爱护我们，这和后面提到的“记忆存储和警告危急”相呼应，符合语境。故选B。【18题详解】由空格所在位置可知，这是标题型题目，由空格所在段落的第一句“Experiencescanleadtolong-lastingfearsthatmaystopapersonfromtryingnewthings.”可知，经验会导致许久的恐惊，这可能会阻挡一个人对新事物的尝试。由此可见，这是在表达过多的恐惊的坏处。选项A“Toomuchcanbeharmful”表达的是太多可能也是有害的，选项A中“Toomuch”和所在段落第一句中的“long-lasting”相呼应，选项A中“canbeharmful”和所在段落的第一句中的“maystopapersonfromtryingnewthings”相呼应，符合语境。故选A。【19题详解】由空格后两句“Andyourbraindoesn'twantyoutohaveitagain.Ifadogbitsomeone,thatpersonmightfeelafraidofalldogs.”可知，并且你的大脑不想要你再次经验它。假如一只狗咬了某人，那么那个人可能会胆怯 全部的狗。由此可见，代词it指代的是不好的经验。选项G“Along-lastingfearcanmeanyou'vehadabadexperience”表达的是一个长期的恐惊可能意味着你曾经有过糟糕的经验。选项G中的“badexperience”就是空格后一句中it指代的不好经验。故选G。【20题详解】由小标题“Howtofeellessafraid”可知，如何削减恐惊。由此可见，本段主要是在讲解并描述削减恐惊的方法。选项D“Knowledgecanhelpapersonfeellessafraid”表达的是学问能够帮助一个人削减恐惊。这是对小标题“如何削减恐惊”方法的详细描述，符合语境。故选D。第三部分英语学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Friendshipispleasantandnecessarytopeople'slife.Amanwithout___21___isanangelwithoutwings,___22___lifewillsufferbecauseof___23___anddepression.Friendshipisthemotherofoursoul,whichwillwarmuswhen___24___occurs.Wehavemuchto___25___withourfriendsinlife,confusion,excitement,bitternessetc.Andit'sgreatto___26___upasincerefriendship.It___27___manyspecialqualitiestomakeafriend.___28___shouldcomefirst.Onlywhenwegetabetterunderstandingofeachothercanwegaina(n)___29___andmeaningfulfriendship.Wemayfindourhobbiesof_____30_____interests.Thisfeelingofnaturalattractiongetsuscloserandcloser.Italsotakesaspecialkindoflovethatseemstoknownoend.Never_____31_____toshowyourkindnesstoyourfriendwhenhe/sheis_____32_____.Loveisnotselfish.Loveisa(n)_____33_____byGodthatweshouldtreasureallourlife.Tolerance(宽容)isthethird_____34_____partinfriendship.Thereisnodoubtthatweare_____35_____persons.Thispersonaldifferencemay_____36_____disagreementsbetweenusineveryaspectofourlife.Don'tjustthinkaboutourselves.Trytotoleratehim/herinaneasymood.Saints(圣人)arenotperfect,_____37_____thoseordinarypeoplelikeus.Afterwards,weshouldgetagoodcommunication.Understanding,_____38_____andtolerancearethefirstthreeessencesthatcometoasincerefriendship.Otherqualitiesarealso_____39_____suchasthoughtfulness,trustand_____40_____.Remember,friendshipisyourspirit'sguard,treasureit.21.A.classmates B.partners C.competitors D.friends22.A.who B.whose C.that D.which23.A.loneliness B.responsibility C.independence D.friendship24.A.injury B.hurt C.wound D.ache25.A.argue B.connect C.share D.consult26.A.give B.keep C.put D.hold27.A.takes B.costs C.spends D.pays28.A.Recognizing B.Interests C.Understanding D.Patience29.A.convenient B.natural C.peaceful D.sincere30.A.common B.regular C.usual D.ordinary31.A.struggle B.hesitate C.intend D.escape32.A.inrelief B.insurprise C.introuble D.indanger33.A.reaction B.experience C.thought D.quality34.A.exciting B.necessary C.meaningful D.effective35.A.similar B.contradictory C.different D.dependant36.A.intend B.lead C.avoid D.cause37.A.letalone B.letgo C.leavealone D.leaveout38.A.success B.communication C.love D.trust39.A.developed B.listed C.understood D.concerned40.A.patience B.comfort C.ease D.safety【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.C26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C36.D37.A38.C39.D40.A【解析】本文是争论文。文章主要告知我们交挚友得到友情的6个品质。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有挚友的人就像折翼的天使，生活是受苦的，因为孤独和懊丧。A.classmates同学；B.partners伙伴；C.competitors竞争者；D.friends挚友。上文提到友情是令人开心的，对于人们的生活是比要的，因此此处说的是没有挚友的人。故选D。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，修饰Aman，从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.loneliness孤独；B.responsibility责任感；C.independence独立；D.friendship友情。没有挚友是孤独的。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：友情是我们的灵魂之母，当损害出现时，暖和我们。A.injury损害（指意外损害）；B.hurt损害（指心理上和情感上的损害）；C.wound伤口（常用来指刀伤，剑伤等伤口）；D.ache疼。由上文提到的soul可知，是心灵受到损害，故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在生活，困惑，兴奋和苦涩方面都有很多东西与挚友共享。A.argue争辩；B.connect连接；C.share共享；D.consult询问。依据下文withourfriend可推断，是与挚友共享。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：维持一段真诚的友情是宏大的。A.give给；B.keep维持；C.put放置；D.hold保持；拥有。上文说到友情对我们生活的重要意义，因此推断维持一段真诚的友情是宏大的。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交挚友须要很多特殊品质。A.takes须要；B.costs花费；C.spends花费；D.pays付款。it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，ittakessth.todosth.是固定句型，故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：理解是首要的。A.Recognizing认出；B.Interests爱好；C.Understanding理解；D.Patience耐性。依据下文Onlywhenwegetabetterunderstandingofeachother可知，交挚友，彼此理解是最重要的。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有当我们更好地理解对方的时候，我们才能获得真诚，有意义的友情。A.convenient便利的；B.natural自然的；C.peaceful和平地；D.sincere真诚的。由下文的meaningful可推断，此处指真诚的有意义的友情。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们或许会发觉我们有共同感爱好的爱好。A.common共同的；B.regular有规律的；C.usual通常的；D.ordinary一般的。挚友的爱好是共同的爱好。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当挚友处于困难中时，尽管向你的挚友表达善意。A.struggle挣扎；努力；B.hesitate迟疑；C.intend准备；D.escape逃跑。挚友有困难时要坚决果断的帮助他们，故选B。【32题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意同上。A.inrelief如释重负的；B.insurprise惊异的；C.introuble处于困难中；D.indanger处于危急中。挚友有困难，要表达善意。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱是上帝的一种品质，我们应当珍惜我们的一生。A.reaction反应；B.experience体验；经验；C.thought想法；D.quality品质。爱是一种品质。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：宽容是友情的第三个必要部分。A.exciting令人兴奋的；B.necessary必要的；C.meaningful有意义的；D.effective有效的。宽容对于友情是必要的。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问我们是不同的人。A.similar相像的；B.contradictory冲突的；C.different不同地；D.dependent依靠的。我们都是不同的人。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种个人差异可能导致我们之间在生活的每一个方面有分歧。A.intend准备；B.lead带领；C.avoid避开；D.cause导致。不同会导致分歧。故选D。【37题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：圣人也是不完备的，更不用说那些像我们一样的一般人了。A.letalone更不要说；B.letgo放手；放过；C.leavealone不理；不管；D.leaveout遗漏。圣人都不是完备的，更不用说我们一般人了。故选A。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：理解，爱和宽容是形成真诚友情的前三个本质。A.success胜利；B.communication沟通；C.love爱；D.trust信任。上文讲到三个要素，理解，爱和容忍。故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其它品质也是有关的，诸如爱护，信任和耐性。A.developed发展；B.listed列出；C.understood理解；D.concerned有关的。由suchasthoughtfulness,trust可推断，这些与真诚的友情也是相关的。故选D。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.patie