Fundamentals of Forest Products Chemical Processing 林产化工专业英语智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年东北林业大学

FundamentalsofForestProductsChemicalProcessing林产化工专业英语智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年东北林业大学Cellulosefibersareinsolubleinmostconventionalsolvents,includingwater.

答案:对Onthebasisofthecross-linkingmethod,thehydrogelscanbedividedintochemicalgelsandphysicalgels.

答案:对Hemicelluloseandcellulosefollowthesamebiosyntheticroutes.

答案:对Themechanismsbywhichtheheatmayflowarethree:conduction,convection,andradiation.

答案:对Biochemicalpretreatmentismainlyusedtoovercomerecalcitrantmaterialandincreasesurfaceareatooptimizecelluloseaccessibilitytocellulases.

答案:对Thevisuallyobservable“woodgrain”,whichresultsfromthehigherorderarrangementanddirectionalityofvariouscelltypes,

答案:对Oneofaclassofsubstancesthatcannotbeseparatedintosimplersubstancesbychemicalmeansareknownaselements.

答案:对Thecrystallinitiesofcellulosenanocrystalssamplesproducedfrombleachedpulpfibersusingstrongacidhydrolysiswerenotsubstantiallygreaterthanthatoftheoriginalfibers.

答案:对Whethertherawmaterialisvegetableoilorbeeftallow,thebio-dieselproducersrefertothismainingredientasfeedstock.

答案:对Ingeneral,crystallizationmaybeanalyzedfromthestandpointofpurity,yield,energyrequirements,andratesofformationandgrowthofcrystals.

答案:对Inthepapermakingprocess,thefirststepisrefining.

答案:对Naturalrubbercomesfromthemilkysapofatropicaltree.

答案:对Alkanesareunsaturatedhydrocarbons.

答案:错ThemostcommoncellulasegroupsproducedbyT.reeseithatcleavetheβ-1,4-glycosidicbondsareβ-glucosidase,endoglucanasesandexoglucanases.

答案:对Intheprocessofliquid-liquidextraction,theliquid-mixturefeedandsolventaremiscible.

答案:错Insomecases,momentum,heat,andmasstransferalloccursimultaneously.

答案:对HydrothermalwasfirstusedbytheBritishgeologistSirRoderickMurchison(1792-1871)todescribetheactionofwateratelevatedtemperatureandpressure,inbringingaboutchangesintheearth’scrustleadingtotheformationofvariousrocksandminerals.

答案:对Allmatterismadefromsomekindsofchemicals.

答案:对Additionalcleaningandconditioningstepsmayberequiredtoremoveothercontaminantssuchasammonia,sulfur,andcarbondioxide.

答案:对Hardwoodisalwaysharderthansoftwood.

答案:错Thedegreeofassociationbetweenligninmoleculesdecreasedwithdecreasingionizationofthecarboxylicgroupinthelignin.

答案:错Woodcellstransportandstorewaterandnutrientsthroughouttheorganism.

答案:对Whenheatingaliquidinatest-tube,weneedpointthetest-tubeawayfromotherpeople.

答案:对Beforeenteringthepapermachine,waterisaddedtothepulpslurrytomakeathinmixturenormallycontaininglessthan5percentfiber.

答案:错Sulfitepulpingcanproceedbothinalkaline,pH-neutral,oracidicconditions.

答案:对Thepillsandmedicineweuseareallmadefromchemicals,thataretheretomakeourbodystrongerandtokillvirusesandbacteria.

答案:对Activatedcarboncanonlyabsorbodors.

答案:错Allelementsaresymbolizedbyabbreviationsderivedfromtheirmodernnames.

答案:错Aprimaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoanaldehyde,anditcan'tfurtheroxidationyieldsacarboxylicacid.

答案:错Filtrationisaprocessusedtoseparatesolidsfromliquidsusingafiltermediumthatallowsthefluidtopassthroughbutnotthesolid.

答案:对Flavonoidsgenerallyoccurinplantsasglycosylatedderivatives.

答案:对Pulpingistheprocessbywhichthebondswithinthecellulosicfibersinthecellwallsarerupturedeithermechanicallyorchemically.

答案:对ConcentratedacidsmustbeneutralizedwithNaHCO3beforedisposingthemdownthesink.

答案:对Modificationsonhydroxylgroupscanleadtotheformationofpolyolderivativesoflignin.

答案:对Thestandardizationandqualityaspectofherbalmedicinebecomesahighprofileissue.

答案:对Theseparationoperationcalleddistillationutilizesvaporandliquidphasesatessentiallythesametemperatureandpressureforthecoexistingzones.

答案:对Approximately80%oftheglobaloilandfatproductionisanimalorigin,whereas20%isofvegetableoil.

答案:错Asecondaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoaketone.

答案:对Safetygogglesandlaboratorycoathastobewornatalltimeinalaboratory.

答案:对Inwood,thenaturalstateofcellulose,calledcelluloseII.

答案:错Extractionandcharacterizationofseveralactivephyto-compoundsfromthesegreenfactorieshavegivenbirthtosomehighactivityprofiledrugs.

答案:对Activecarboniscarbonthathasbeentreatedwithoxygen.

答案:对Dependingonthenatureofcellulosicmaterials,celluloseaerogelsincludecellulosederivative-basedones,regeneratedcellulose-basedones,andnanocellulose-basedones.

答案:对Cellulosehydrogelscanbepreparedfromacellulosesolutionthroughphysicalcross-linking.

答案:对Phosphoricacidcannotbeusedtopreparecrystallinecellulosenanoparticles.

答案:错O2isacompound.

答案:错Generally,thermalenergy,chemicaltreatmentarethemainstrategyfordepolymerizinglignin.

答案:对Therearethreecommonstatesofmatter:gaseous,liquid,andsolid.

答案:对Thebasicflavonoidstructureistheflavannucleus,whichconsistsof15carbonatomsarrangedinthreerings(C6-C3-C6).

答案:对Plantoilsaretriglycerides,tri-estersofglycerolwithlongchainfattyacids,withvaryingcompositionoffattyacidsdependingontheplant,thecrop,theseason,andthegrowingconditions.

答案:对Thebleachingstepisnecessaryinthepulpingandpapermakingprocess.

答案:错Furfuralisexclusivelyproducedfromlignocellulosicbiomassbydehydratingpentose.

答案:对Polyphenolsaregenerallywater-insolublecompounds.

答案:错Thecellulosemicrofibrilsonlyhavecrystallineregions.

答案:错Typicallyphotosynthesisconverts10%oftheavailablesunlighttostored,chemicalenergy.

答案:错Theradicalpolymerizationofvinylicmonomersontoligninhasbeenusedtopreparelignin-graftcopolymersbya‘‘graftingfrom”procedure.

答案:对Thetwoatomsofanoxygenmoleculearejoinedtogetherbyanionicbond.

答案:错Pretreatmentwithdiluteacidhaslittleeffectonlignin.

答案:错Modificationofligninpriortoresinsynthesishastypicallybeenperformedbyreactingligninwithphenolinthepresenceoforganicsolventssuchasmethanolorethanol.

答案:对Inthelaboratory,themostbasicformoffiltrationisusinggravitytofilteramixture.

答案:对Evaporationistheremovalofsolventasvaporfromasolution,slurryorsuspension.

答案:对Asthemixtravelsupaconveyer,anelectromagnetremovesanymetalcontaminates.

答案:对Evenifhighlyvolatilesolventsareexposedtoasourceoffire,theywillnotcauseafire.

答案:错Diluteacidhydrolysis(1-3%)candestroycellulosecrystalsatroomtemperature.

答案:错Inafallingfilmevaporator,theliquidisfedatthebottomofthetubesinaverticaltubebundle.

答案:错Thedegreeofunsaturation,whichcanbeexpressedbytheiodinevalue(amountofiodineingthatcanreactwithdoublebondspresentin100gofsampleunderspecifiedconditions).

答案:对Heartwoodisoftendarkerthanthesapwood.

答案:对Theterm"chemicalengineer"impliesthatthepersonisprimarilyanengineerwhosefirstprofessionalconcerniswithmanufacturingprocesses-makingsomething,ormakingsomeprocesswork.

答案:对TheTgandviscosityofthecopolymercanbeincreasedbyincreasingthelengthofthegraftchain.

答案:错ThelignincontentwasestimatedbythegravimetricKlasonprocedure.

答案:对Biochemicalapproachesincludethreeunit-operationsnamely,pretreatment,hydrolysis,anddistillation.

答案:错Chemicalactivationisusuallycarriedoutatlowertemperatures(from400to700℃)withactivatingagentslikephosphoricacid,potassiumhydroxide,sodiumhydroxideandzincchloride.

答案:对Whenthepaperisdryitmaybetreatedwithstabilizingmaterialsandsurfacefinishestoimprovedurabilityorprintability.

答案:对Thetraditionaltechniquesofsolventextractionofplantmaterialsaremostlybasedonthecorrectchoiceofsolventsandtheuseofheator/andagitationtoincreasethesolubilityofthedesiredcompoundsandimprovethemasstransfer.

答案:对Generally,thecellulosiccellwallfromnearlyanyplantortreescanbeusedforpulp.

答案:对Biomassismostlymadeupofcarbon,hydrogen,compoundsdidnotburncalledash.

答案:对Awormscrewsupplythemixturetoapressroll,aconstantsprayofwaterkeepsthemixturefromstickingtoit.

答案:对Furfuralcanbeproducedbyaone-steporatwo-stepprocess.Theadvantageoftheone-stepprocessisthatahigherquantityoffurfuralisproducedwhencomparedtothetwo-stepprocess.

答案:错Theyspraytherubbercubeswithamixofcalciumcarbonateandsolventthemixtureformsthefilmonthecubesthatpreventsmoldandkeepsthemfromstickingtogetherduringtransport.

答案:对Ifthefeedisintroducedatonepointalongthecolumnshell,thecolumnisdividedintoanuppersection,whichisoftencalled

thestrippingsection,andalowersection,whichisoftenreferredtoastherectifyingsection.

答案:错Filtercakesareformedlateinthefluidflow.

答案:错Hotairblowsintothisdryertobringthesugarshumidityleveldownto0.05percent,thatstandardfortablesugar.

答案:错Heatfluxesmaythenbebasedeitherontheinsideareaortheoutsideareaofthechoiceisarbitrary.

答案:对Extractionmaybeusedtoseparatemorethantwocomponents;andmixturesofsolvents,insteadofasinglesolvent,areneededinsomeapplications.

答案:对Sodiumhydroxideandcalciumhydroxidecanbeusedinsteadofpotassiumhydroxidetoneutralizetheacid.

答案:对Dryingisanabsolutetermthatmeansacertainvalue.

答案:错Themainresistancetotheflowofheatormasstoasurfacelieswithinthelaminarsublayer.

答案:对Anyevaporatorthatusespumptoensurehighercirculationvelocityiscalledaforcedcirculationevaporator.

答案:对Polyphenolsalsocharacteristicallypossessasignificantbindingaffinityforproteins,whichcanleadtotheformationofsolubleandinsolubleprotein-polyphenolcomplexes

答案:对Terpeneisderivefroma5Ccompound,isoprene.

答案:对Therearetwodifferenttypesofpolysaccharidehydrolysis,involvingacidic(sulfuricacid)orenzymaticreactions.

答案:对LigninmainlyhastwotypesoflinkagesincludingC-CandC-O-C.

答案:对Thenon-bondedorbitalinteractions(π-πinteractions)ofthearomaticgroupscouldcausedtheassociationofligninmolecules.

答案:对Thearomaticmoietiespresentintheligninstructurewillimprovethemechanicalandthermalpropertiesofepoxyresins.

答案:对Cardanoldoublebondmaybeepoxidisedorundergoolefin-metathesisreactionwhichmayactasmodifiedmonomerfortheformationofdifferentsetofpolymers.

答案:对Thereactivityofligninhasnothingtodowithitssolubility.

答案:错Inadditiontoglucomannan,minoramountsofmiscellaneouspolysaccharidesarepresentinhardwoods.

答案:错Thesofteningtemperature(Ts)ofligninsindrystateishigherthanthatinmoistlignins.

答案:对Highlyporousaerogelsusuallytendtoshowhigheroil-sorptioncapacities

答案:对Therelativedistributionofphenolicnucleiinligninstronglydiffersbetweenplantspecies.

答案:对Theroleofhemicelluloseistomodifyandcrosslinkthebasicfibrilsandpromotetheinteractionbetweenotherbiopolymers.

答案:对Theouterlayer(S1)isthickerthanThemiddlelayer(S2).

答案:错Fossilisedbiomasshas

beenexploitedascoalandoil.

答案:对Cellulosehasmanyhydroxylgroupswhichcanformhydrogenbondinglinkednetworkeasily.

答案:对Softwoodsaremainlyvesselmembers,fibres,andparenchyma,andhardwoodsaremainlymadeofmadeoftracheidsandparenchyma.

答案:对Klasonlignin

isastandardanalyticalmethodtomeasurethelignincontentoflignocellulosicbiomass.

答案:对Starchonlyhasoneforms,i.e.amylose.

答案:错Foresterificationreactionofcellulose,theconversionwaslowandforsilynationreaction,theconversionisgoodbutwithahighcost.

答案:对Inthecaseoffirealarm,weneedstopallofyourongoingwork,turnoffgasandelectricdevices.

答案:对Ifyouworkwithflammablesolvent,makesurethereisnosourceofignitioncloseby.

答案:对Ifaliquidgetsinto