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2015年考研英语(一)真题试卷
(总分:144.00,做题时间:90分钟)
一、UseofEnglish(总题数:2,分数:80.00)
1.SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach
numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.(分数:40.00)
解析:
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related“asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%
ofgenes.Thatis[Bl]1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYale
UniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has[B2]Thestudyis
agenome-wideanalysisconducted[B3]1,932uniquesubjectswhich[B4]pairsof
unrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth[B5]While
1%mayseem[B6]_____,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedical
geneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven[B7]_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehow
managetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho[B8]___ourkin."Thestudy[B9]foundthat
thegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarity
existsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.[B10]_____,astheteamsuggests,it
drawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore[Bl1]it.Therecouldbemanymechanisms
workingtogetherthat[B12]usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends[B13]
“functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith[B14]!Oneoftheremarkablefindings
ofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving[B15]thanothergenes.Studying
thiscouldhelp[B16]whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocial
environmentbeingamajor[B17]factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople,s[B18]
_tobefriendthoseofsimilar[B19]backgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthe
subjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento[B20]that
allsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.(分数:40.00)
(1).[Bl](分数:2.00)
A.when
B.why
C.how
D.whatJ
解析:解析:本题考查特殊疑问词用法。文章首句点明此选段主要内容,指出“即便没有血缘关系,朋友
之间就像第四代表亲一样,约有1%的基因相同。”该题的选项全是特殊疑问词,when通常用来询问时间;
why用来提问“为什么”;how则是询问“……怎么样”。在本题复合句中,what做关联词引导疑问分句,
并且在句子中担任宾语,表示“研究得出的结果”。
(2).[B2](分数:2.00)
A.defended
B.concludedV
C.withdrawn
D.advised
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。该选项所在句的主干是Thatiswhatastudyhas_句子中间的
publishedfromthe…ofsciences是用来修饰astudy的后置定语。选项defend意为"辩护;防护;保
卫";conclude意为“推断;决定,作结论";withdraw意为“取出;撤退";advise意为“建议:劝
告”。而与名词study的惯用搭配即是“研究得出什么结论”。
(3).[B3](分数:2.00)
A.for
B.with
C.onJ
D.by
解析:解析:本题考杳固定搭配。动词短语conducton为固定搭配,译为“对……进行研究”,在此句中
表示“对1932位独立的个体进行研究”。
(4).[B4](分数:2.00)
A.comparedJ
B.sought
C.separated
D.connected
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。Compare主要意为“比较;对照;与……比较起来”;seek则是“寻找;
搜索”;separate是“使分离;使分开";connect是“连接;联合”。该空格后出现线索词pairs,可
推测此处应是表达“将无关的朋友组和无关的陌生人组进行对照基因组分析”。
(5).[B5](分数:2.00)
A.tests
B.objects
C.samplesJ
D.examples
解析:解析:本题考查名词用法。Test意为“试验;检验":object意为“对象;目标;物体":sample
意为“样本;例子”;ex—ample意为“例子;榜样”。此句应是表达“所有实验个体都会被重新分在不
同对照组进行分析"。而sample所表示的“样本”指的是其他的都与这个“样本”在质量、性质和设计上
相同;example所对比的通常是作为有典型的、能说明问题的、有代表性的例子。
(6).[B6](分数:2.00)
A.insignificantJ
B.unexpected
C.unreliable
D.incredible
解析:解析:本题考查形容词用法。选项中unbelievable和incredible均表示“难以置信的;不可思议
的":insignificant意为“无关紧要的";unexpected意为“意外的;想不到的“。而此处,句意表达
的是“1%的共享基因看似无关紧要,而对一位遗传学者却意义非凡”。
(7).[B7](分数:2.00)
A.visit
B.miss
C.seek
D.knowJ
解析:解析:本题考查前后转折逻辑关系。四个选项均是常见单词,在此处主要考查学生的语感。线索词
是fourthcousins,在错综复杂的人际交往中,第四代表亲可以说,彼此亲戚关系已经很远了,故判断此
处应是“不认识”。
(8).[B8](分数:2.00)
A.resembleJ
B.influence
C.favor
D.surpass
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。Resemble意为“类似,像";influence意为“影响;改变";favor
意为“赞成;喜欢";surpass意为“超越;胜过,优于”。显然,选项填入后,应切合文章主题“朋友
间约1%基因相同”,故此处应是指出“但不知何故,选择的朋友就像我们的亲戚”。
(9).[B9](分数:2.00)
A.again
B.alsoJ
C.instead
D.thus
解析:解析:本题考查副词用法。Again表示“又,此外;再一次”。一般用于表示几个主语共同一个谓
宾,或一个主谓多个宾语;also表示“也;而且",一般是指动作(谓语)重复、反复进行;instead表示
“代替;反而",表转折;thus表示“因此;从而”,表因果。显然,此处欲表达的是“研究还发现……”。
(10).[B10](分数:2.00)
A.Meanwhile
B.Furthermore
C.Likewise
D.PerhapsJ
解析:解析:本题考杳副词用法。Meanwhile意为“同时,其间”,表示并列连接,通常含有递进的意思;
furthermore意为“此外;而且“,属于进一步说明,后面与前面所涉及的内容更近一步;1ikewise意为
“同样地;也”,与前述内容承接;perhaps意为“或许:也许",表示不确定的推测。此处前文并没有
给出其它原因,判断应仅是推测。
(11).[B11](分数:2.00)
A.about
B.toJ
C.from
D.like
解析:解析:本题考查介词用法。句子意思是“就像这个科研团队所发现的,这个因素不仅把我们带到相
似的环境中来,更有一些深层次的影响。”前后对应,故选B项。
(12).[B12](分数:2.00)
A.driveJ
B.observe
C.confuse
D.limit
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。Drive为“推动;驱使";observe为“观察;遵守";confuse为“使
混乱;使困惑”;limit为“限制;限定”。将四选项依次代入,可以断定A选项正确,意为“可能有很
多机制共同作用,驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友”。
(13).[B13](分数:2.00)
A.accordingto
B.ratherthanJ
C.regardlessof
D.alongwith
解析:解析:本题考查介系词用法。Accordingto主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某文件、某人所说等或
表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等;ratherthan是一个并列连词,不与would连用时,
表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……";regardlessof为“不管:不顾”,一
般用于客观上无法避免的事实,往往是不利的条件,因素;alongwith意为"和……一起”时,经常考察
主谓•致,意为"(除…外)又……;加之”,在这里是包括某事物的。此处文章显然考的是ratherthan,
表示“而不是以功能性的亲戚关系作为选友基准”。
(14).[B14](分数:2.00)
A.chances
B.responses
C.missions
D.benefitsV
解析:解析:本题考查名词用法。短语with_是用来修饰名词短语functionalKinship的,因此可
判断选项benefits与functional前后对应。
(15).LB15](分数:2.00)
A.later
B.s1ower
C.fasterJ
D.earlier
解析:解析:本题考查形容词用法。此处句意可以理解为“研究中,其中的一个显著发现是相似基因好像
比其他基因进化……”,再根据下文中出现的关键词pickedpace,“步子快;发展迅速”,可判断正确
答案为C选项。
(16).[B16](分数:2.00)
A.forecast
B.remember
C.understandJ
D.express
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。Forecast意为“预报,预测“;remember意为“记得;牢记;纪念”;
understand意为“理解;懂:获悉;推断“:express意为“表达;快递”。显然,所有研究的目的都是
为了解疑答惑,再根据线索词why,可以判断C选项为正确答案。
(17).[B17](分数:2.00)
A.unpredictable
B.contributoryJ
C.controllable
D.disruptive
解析:解析:本题考查形容词用法。Unpredictable意为“不可预知的;不定的";contributory意为“捐
助的;贡献的;有助于……的";controllable意为“可控制的;可管理的";disruptive意为“破坏的;
分裂性的”。此处的with复合结构是句子的伴随状语,所表示的状态是与谓语动词同时发生的,因此判断
此处欲表达的是“社会环境在过去3万年的人类快速进化过程中起着不可或缺的作用”。
(18).[B18](分数:2.00)
A.endeavor
B.decision
C.arrangement
D.tendencyJ
解析:解析:本题考查名词用法。Endeavor意为“努力;尽力“;decision意为“决定,决心”;arrangement
意为“布置;整理;准备":tendency意为“倾向,趋势:癖好”。将四个选项依次代人,显然D选项更
为合适,意为“倾向于和那些拥有相同……背景的人做朋友”,不可能是“努力做朋友”、“下定决心做
朋友”或者“准备好去做朋友”。
(19).[B19](分数:2.00)
A.political
B.religious
C.ethnicV
D.economic
解析:解析:本题考查形容词用法。Political意为“政治的;党派的";religious意为“宗教的;虔诚
的";ethnic意为“种族的;人种的";economic意为“经济的,经济上的”。根据下文中出现的allthe
subjectsweredrawnfromapopuIationofEuropeanextraction,判断此处应是指“拥有相同的种族
背景”。
(20).[B20](分数:2.00)
A.seeV
B.show
C.prove
D.tell
解析:解析:本题考查动词用法。sthbetakentosee是固定搭配,意为“采取……来看……”,在此
处的意思是“仍然倍加小心来保证……”。
二、ReadingComprehension(总题数:10,分数:60.00)
2.SectionIIReadingComprehension
解析:
3.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosingA,B,CorD.
解析:
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon“tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep."But
embarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshave
forcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchy
isseeingitslastdays?Doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewal1foral1Europeanroyals,with
theirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothfor
andagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheend
oftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politicsand"embody“aspiritofnational
unity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs,continuingpopularity
asheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregion
intheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCitjrandAndorra).Butunliketheirabsolutist
counterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoters
toavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kings
andqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,their
veryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensible
privilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningof
risinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthy
aristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themost
successfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesand
princesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthy
familieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasingly
difficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope'smonarchieswi11nodoubtbesmartenough
tosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanish
example.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherrather
ordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensive
tasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthat
monarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice一asnon-controversialand
non-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,
notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.(分数:10.00)
(1).Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain(分数:2.00)
A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.
B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.
C.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.
D.endedhisreigninembarrassment.J
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。首先根据题干关键饲KingJuancarlosofSpain定位至文章首段。文中
第二句指出:“Buiembarrassingscandals…haveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddownn,
故D选项正确。
(2).MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly(分数:2.00)
A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.J
B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.
C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.
D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.
解析:解析:木题属于细节题。根据出题顺序,定位答案应是在文章三到四段。其中,第三段末句提到:
“但是不像他们在亚洲和海湾地区的专制主义者同行,大多在欧洲的王室延续下来的原因是他们可以让选
民免于到处寻找毫无争议的但同时受人尊重的社会名人。”故A选项为正确答案。
(3).Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?(分数:2.00)
A.Aristocrats“excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
B.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies.V
C.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
D.Thenobilityz/sadherencetotheirprivileges.
解析:解析:本题属于词义推测题。首先题干给出答案位置信息第四段,关键词是Odd。浏览发现,该段
末句出现生词bizarre,该句原意是“当ThomasPiketty和其他经济学家对越来越多的不平等和不断增长
的财产继承提出警告时,富裕的贵族们竟然仍是现代民主国家的象征中心,这种现象是……”,很明显,
这种现象是奇怪的(贵族特权与民主国家),故B选项“贵族在现代民主国家的角色定位”为正确答案。
(4).TheBritishroyals"havemosttofear"becauseCharles(分数:2.00)
A.takesatough1ineonpoliticalissues.
B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.
C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.
D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.J
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。根据题干线索词havemosttofear以及人名Charles定位至文章六、七
段。其中,第六段后半句指出“英国皇室对西班牙皇室的落败最心有余悸”;第七段第二句接着指出
“Cha门es的处境将会很危险,因为他不但生活方式奢侈而且等级制度思想深刻”,也就是Charles没有
适应现代社会的生活方式。
(5).Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?(分数:2.00)
A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
B.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
C.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchsV
D.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
解析:解析:本题属于主旨要义题。文章主要讨论了西班牙胡安•卡洛斯国王退位这一事件对欧洲诸多皇
室的影响,尤其是对英国皇室的影响。最终提出,君主领导者要改变原有的思想和行为方式,和现代社会
的生活方式接轨,才能保证受到长久的尊崇与荣耀。故选C项。
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsider
whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneison
oraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweeping
ruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthe
possessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudges
toassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.Thecourtwouldberecklessly
modestifitfollowedCaliforniansadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,
sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofa
smartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation-issimilarto,say,goingthrougha
suspect^spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon“tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhenthey
gothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone's
smartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteedsreading
history,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.
Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,meanwhile,hasmaclethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformation
onthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearightto
expectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution'sprohibitionon
unreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn'teasethechailenge
of1ine-drawing.Inmanycases,itwou1dnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtaina
warranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotections
whenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethat
phonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywant
toallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.Butthe
justicesshouldnotswa11owCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimes
demandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,compares
theexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishment
ofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovel
rulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourth
Amendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.(分数:10.00)
(1).TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringaharrest,itislegitimateto(分数:2.00)
A.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.
B.searchforsuspects*mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.
C.checksuspects"phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.J
D.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。根据出题顺序及题干中关键词SupremeCourt,whether定位至文章首段。
该段第二句提到“最高法院考虑到是否警察在没有批准令的情况下,在逮捕过程中可以搜查嫌疑人身上或
旁边的手机信息”。故C选项正确。
(2).Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof(分数:2.00)
A.disapproval.J
B.indifference.
C.tolerance.
D.cautiousness.
解析:解析:本题属于观点态度题。根据题干关键词California'sargument定位到第二、三、四段。这
些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等负向词,表达的是负面态度。另外,第四段首句给出作者明
确态度”theyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia,slameargument…”。
(3).Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone“sphonecontentsiscomparableto(分数:2.00)
A.gettingintoone'sresidence.V
B.handlingone〃shistoricalrecords.
C.scanningone'scorrespondences.
D.goingthroughone'swallet.
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。根据题干关键词exploringone'sphonecontents定位至文章第四段。
其中该段第三句提到aButexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhomeff,
正好与A选项对应。注意C选项提到内容不是作者观点。
(4).InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat(分数:2.00)
A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.
B.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.
C.citizens"privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.V
D.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.
解析:解析:本题属于推断题。首先根据题干定位至第五、六段。其中,第五段首句为中心句提到“美国
人应该采取措施保护数据隐私”;第六段则接着提到现有搜查原则的不当之处。题干问的是作者最关注什
么问题,显然根据这两段内容,可以推断C选项“市民隐私未能得到有效保护”为正确答案。
(5).OrinKerriscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat(分数:2.00)
A.theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.
B.newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.J
C.California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.
D.principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.
解析:解析:本题属于举例论证题。根据题干关键词OrinKer/scomparison定位至文章末段。解答此类
题时需注意,举例是为了论证论点,论点通常在论据的前面,所以要找例子前面的一句话。此处论点也就
是New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution's
protectionso故B选项正确。
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-review
process,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfrom
otherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributing
totheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings."Readersmusthaveconfidencein
theconclusionspublishedinourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmerican
StatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardof
reviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal's
internaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.
TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhether
anyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe/"statisticsboard”
wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisin
scientificresearchandispartofScience"overalldrivetoincreasereproducibilityinthe
researchwepublish."GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublic
Health,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyanadvisory
role."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoRE
tobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.Thisimpactwillnotonlybethrough
thepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplaces
thatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.〃Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudies
researchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyismostwe1comestepforward*and"longoverdue.
“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.
Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessential
thanexpertreview,hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal
Medicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattention
tostatisticalreview.Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,but
statisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acel1
biologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalso
takeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverify
theprocess."VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassome
merit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify"thepapers
thatneedscrutiny"inthefirstplace.”(分数:10.00)
(1).ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that(分数:2.00)
A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.
B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.V
C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.
D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。根据题干所给提示定位答案于第一段。其中,该段首句提到“Thejournal…is
addinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer——reviewprogress”,句中的addinganextra
roundofstatisticalchecks对应C选项中的strengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks,故B选项正
确。
(2).Thephraseflaggedup〃(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto(分数:2.00)
A.found.
B.marked.J
C.revised.
D.stored.
解析:解析:本题属于词义推测题。解答此类题要根据所猜词汇所在句子的语意,进而依次代人选项,结
合文章主题(或段落中心)进行判断。短语flaggedup所在句子语意是:手稿将被flaggedup以供期刊内
部编辑人员、或者现有的审稿编委会、或是外部同行审查。代人选项,B选项最为合适。
(3).GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay(分数:2.00)
A.poseathreattoallitspeers.
B.meetwithstrongopposition.
C.increaseScience'scirculation.
D.setanexampleforotherjournals.J
解析:解析:本题属于细节题。根据题干人名GiovanniParmigiani定位答案至第四段。该段最后两句提
到,“他相信SBoRE的建立可能会产生很大的影响,不仅会对《科学》杂志本身的出版物有影响,还有望
影响其它较大一批可能想要模仿《科学》杂志做法的出版社。”故D选项正确。
(4).DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow(分数:2.00)
A.addstoresearchers'7work1oad.
B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.
C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.J
D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.
解析:解析:本题属于推断题。根据题干人名DavidVaux和关键词whatScienceisdoing定位至末段最
后一句。该句提到Science'sidea…hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthat***,意思是“有优点,但
是缺陷在于将本该首先进行详细审查的文件交给审核编委会鉴定”,故四个选项中,推断C选项“(说明这
个想法)是有进一步改进空间的”更为合理些。
(5).Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?(分数:2.00)
A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersJ
B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect
C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors"Desks
D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience
解析:解析:本题属于主旨要义题。文章首段第一句就点明了文章的中心论点,指出《科学》杂志将要对
同行评审过程增加额外统计检查:然后全文其余各个段落分别阐述了不同专家对这一想法的观点态度。故
A选项可以概述全文。
Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe^unsettlingdearthofintegrity
acrosssomanyofourinstitutions.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollective
acceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But"it〃s
us,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit."Drivingherpoint
home,shecontinued:〃It“sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguage
withingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalism
andfreedom.Thissameabsenceofmora1purposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,
shethought,makingitmore1ikelythatitwou1clloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadi11ega1
telephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsof
theWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,
innocentofthesamecharge-thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalists
areknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,
aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorIdin2001tobethe
pointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmany
respects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehacking
butthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.Oneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittle
RebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefact
thatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.TheCoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatshe
knewnothing.Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbe
accountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbeso
surprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsociety
shouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,
business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales
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