2015年12月英语六级模拟题及答案(一)-六级模拟题资料文档

PartIWriting.

TheCMlServantTestCraze

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

essayentitledTheCivilServantTestCraze.Youressayshouldstartwitha

briefdescriptionofthepicture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbut

nomorethan200words.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40

minutes)

回答36-45题：

Womenwithlowliteracysufferdisproportionatelymorethanmen,

encounteringmore36infindingawell-payingjobandbeing

twiceaslikelytoendupinthegroupoflowestwageearners,astudy

releasedonWednesdaysaid.

AnalysisbytheInstituteforWomen'sPolicyResearch(IWPR.found

womenatalllevelsof37tendtoearnlessthanmen,butit'sat

thelowestliteracylevelsthatthewagegapbetweengendersismost

striking.

Womenwithlowliteracyaretwiceas38asmenatthesame

skillleveltobeamongthelowestearners,bringingin$300aweekorless,

thereportsaid.

"Becausewomenstartoffsolowintermsofwages,havinghigher

literacyandmoreskillsreally39abigdifference,"saidKevin

Miller,a40researchassociateatIWPRandco-authorofthe

study.

Womenneedtogo41intheirtrainingandeducationlevel

toearnthesameasmen,Millersaid.

The42wasbasedon20xxNationalAssessmentofAdult

Literacysurveys,themostrecentdata43,andfocusedon

readingskills,notwritingandnumericliteracy.Thatdatawas44

fromanationallyrepresentativesampleof19,714peopleaged16and

older,livinginhouseholdsorprisons.

Datashowedaboutone-thirdofAmericanadultshavelowliteracy

levels,andmorethan36percentofmenand33percentofwomenfall

intothat45,theinstitutesaid.

第2页，共21页

A.pattern

B.senior

C.longer

D.difficulties

E.category

F.collected

G.positions

H.available

I.conducted

J.independent

K.literacy

L.analysis

M.likely

N.further

O.makes

第3页，共21页

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgivenin

oneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthe

informationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

回答46-55题：

A)Thelegislationconcerningfinancialreformfocusesonhelping

regulatorsdetectanddefuse(减少.…的危险性)thenextcrisis.Butit

doesn'taddressmanyoftheunderlyingconditionsthatcancause

problems.

B)Thelegislationgivesregulatorsthepowertooverseeshadow

banksandtakefailingfirmsapart,convenesacouncilofsuperregulators

towatchthemegafirmsthatposearisktothefullfinancialsystem,and

muchelse.

C)Butthebilldoesmoretohelpregulatorsdetectthenextfinancial

crisisthantoactuallystopitfromhappening.Inthatway,it'slikethe

第4页，共21页

differencebetweenimprovingpublichealthandimprovingmedicine:

Thebillfocusesonhelpingthedoctorswhofigureoutwhenyou'resick

andhowtogetyoubetterratherthanontheconditions(sewersystems

andairqualityandhygienestandardsandsoon)thatcontributeto

whetheryougetsickinthefirstplace.

D)Thatistosay,manyoftheweaknessesandimbalancesthatledto

thefinancialcrisiswillsurviveourregulatoryresponse,andit'simportant

tokeepthatinmind.Soherearefivewestillhavetowatchoutfor:

1.TheGlobalGlut(供过于求)ofSavings

E)"Oneoftheleadingindicatorsofafinancialcrisisiswhenyouhave

asustainedsurgeinmoneyflowingintothecountrywhichmakes

borrowingcheaperandeasier,"saysHarvardeconomistKennethRogoff.

Ourcrisiswasnodifferent:Between1987and1999,ourcurrentaccount

deficit—themeasureofhowmuchmoneyiscominginversusgoing

out--fluctuatedbetween1and2percentofgrossdomesticproduct.By

20xx,ithadhit6percent.

F)Thesharprisewasdrivenbyemergingeconomieswithlotsof

growthandfewinvestmentopportunities-thinkChina-funnelingtheir

moneytodevelopedeconomieswithlessgrowthandlotsofinvestment

第5页，共21页

opportunities.Butwe'vegottenoutofthecrisiswithoutfixingit.Chinais

stillgrowingfast,exportingfaster,andsendingthemoneyovertoUS.

2.HouseholdDebt-andWhyWeNeedIt

G)Thefactthatmoneyisavailabletoborrowdoesn'texplainwhy

Americansborrowedsomuchofit.Householddebtasapercentageof

GDPwentfromabitlessthan60percentatthebeginningofthe1990s

toabitlessthan100percentin20xx,"ThisiswhereIcometoincome

inequality,"saysRaghuramRajan,aneconomistattheUniversityof

Chicago."Alargepartofthepopulationsawrelativelystagnantincomes

overthe1980sand1990s.Creditwassowelcomebecauseitkeptpeople

whowerefallingbehindreasonablyhappy.Youwerekeepingup,evenif

yourincomewasn't."

H)Incomes,ofcourse,areevenmorestagnantnowthat

unemploymentisat9percent.Andthatpainisn'tbeingsharedequally:

inequalityhasactuallyrisensincebeforetherecession,asjoblessnessis

provingstickyamongthepoor,butrecoveryhasbeenswiftfortherich.

Householdborrowingisstillmorethan90percentofGDP,andthe

conditionsthatdroveitupthereare,ifanything,worse.

3.The"Banking"Market

第6页，共21页

I)Thefinancialcrisisstartedoutsimilarlysevere,butitwasn't,atfirst,

acrisisofconsumers.Itwasacrisisofbanks.Itneverbecameacrisisof

consumersbecauseconsumerdepositsareinsured.Butlarge

investors-pensionfunds,banks,corporations,andothers—aren'tinsured.

Butwhentheyhearthattheircollateral(B付属担保品)isdroppingin

value,theydemandtheirmoneyback.Andwheneveryonedoesthatat

once,it'slikeanold-fashionedbankrun:Thebankscan'tpayeveryone

offatonce,sotheyunloadalltheirassetstogetcapital,theassets

becomeworthlessbecauseeveryoneistryingtounloadthem,andthe

bankscollapse.

J)"Thisisaninherentproblemofprivatelycreatedmoney,"says

GaryGorton,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,"Itisvulnerableto

thesekindsofruns."Thisyear,we'rebringingthisshadowbanking

systemunderthecontrolofregulatorsandgivingthemallsortsof

informationonitandpoweroverit,butwe'renotdoinganythinglike

depositinsurance,wherewesimplymakethedepositssafesoruns

becomeananachronism.

4.RichBanks

第7页，共21页

K)Inthe1980s,thefinancialsector'sshareoftotalcorporateprofits

rangedfromabout10to20percent.By20xx,itwasabout35percent.

SimonJohnson,aneconomistatMIT,recallsaconversationhehadwith

第7页，共21页

afundmanager."Theguysaidtome,'Simon,it'ssolittlemoney!You

canswaysenatorsfor$10million!?"'Johnsonlaughsruefully（后悔地）.

"Theseguys[biginvestors]don'teventhinkinmillions.Theythinkin

billions."

L）Whatyougetforthatmoneyisfavors.Thelastfinancialcrisis

fadesfrommemoryandthepublicbeginstofocusonotherthings.Then

thefinanceguysbeginnudging（游说）.Theyholdsomefundraisersfor

politicians,makesomefriends,explainhowtheregulationsthey'reunder

areonerousandunfair.Andslowly,surely,thoseregulationscome

undone.Thisfinancialcrisiswillstickinourmindsforawhile,butnot

forever.Andafterbrieflydroppingtolessthan15percentofcorporate

profits,thefinancialsectorhasreboundedtomorethan30percent.

They'llhaveplentyofmoneywithwhichtohelptheirfriendsforgetthis

wholenastyaffair.

5.Lax（不严格的）Regulators

M）Themosttroublingprospectisthechancethatthisbill,ifwe'd

passeditin2000,wouldn'tevenhavepreventedthisfinancialcrisis.

That'snottoundersellit:Itwould'vegivenregulatorsmoreinformation

withwhichtopredictthecrisis.Buttheyhadenoughinformation,and

theyignoredit.Theygetcaughtupinboomtimesjustlikeeveryone

第8页，共21页

else.Abubble,almostbydefinition,affectstheregulatorswiththe

powertopopit.

N)In20xx,withhousingpricesrunningfar,faraheadofthe

historicaltrend,Bernankesaidahousingbubblewas"aprettyunlikely

possibility".In20xx,hesaidFedofficials"donotexpectsignificant

spilloversfromthesubprimemarkettotherestoftheeconomy."Alan

Greenspan,lookingbackatthefinancialcrisis,admittedinAprilthat

regulators"havehadawoefulrecordofchronicfailure.Historytellsus

theycannotidentifythetimingofacrisis,oranticipateexactlywhereit

willbelocatedorhowlargethelossesandspilloverswillbe."

46、Inthe1980sand1990speopleexperiencednosubstantial

increaseintermsofincome,whichbroughtaboutthepopularityof

credit.

47、Financialcrisisisacrisisofbanksinthatshadowbankingmay

causebankstofail.

48、Thefinanceguysmakefriendswithpoliticiansinthehopeof

makingsomeburdensomeandunfairregulationscancelled.

第9页，共21页

49、Thelegislationconcerningfinancialreformoffersregulatorsthe

powerofsupervisingshadowbanksanddisintegratingcompanieson

thevergeofbankruptcy.

第9页，共21页

50、Intermsoftheeffectofunemployment,itismoredeeplyfeltby

thepoorthanbytherich.

51、Eveniftherewasenoughinformationtopredicttherewouldbe

financialcrisis,theregulatorsstillchosetoignoreit.

52、Emergingeconomieswithinsufficientinvestmentopportunities

haveinvestedmuchmoneyindevelopedcountries.

53、Regulatorswithpowertendedtofailagainandagainconcerning

forecastingafinancialcrisis.

54、Afundmanagerorlargeinvestorisconsideredabsurdlyrichby

aneconomistfromMIT.

55、Largeinvestors'depositscanbemadesaferifshadowbanking

systemisunderthecontrolofregulators.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideon

thebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

第10页，共21页

回答56-60题：

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,

whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,high

unemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofind

waysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedto

gofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefurore

ofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Should

wenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopleto

work?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkfor

ourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethe

householdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,

ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryin

whichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialage

maynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinwork

patternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsa

dauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetter

futureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnot

meanteconomicfreedom.

第11页，共21页

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17th

and18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkby

第11页，共21页

deprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidea

livingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottage

industriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransport

improved,firstbyrailandthenbymad,peoplecommutedlonger

distancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople's

worklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhich

theylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.In

pre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkof

thehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthe

husbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthe

homeandthefamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassume

thisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetween

thesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemployment

becamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere

excluded--aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedat

schoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometo

switchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheutopiangoalof

第12页，共21页

creatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeople

tomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

56、Accordingtotheauthor,theuniversalemploymenthas.

A.turnedoutnottobethebestformofjobs

B.createdanalternativeformofjobs

C.builtthefoundationofaneconomicleap

D.failedtoproducejobopportunitiesformostpeople

57、Modemformsoftransportationhavegreatlyencouraged

A.thephenomenonofdeprivationofemployees'leisuretime

B.thedisconnectionbetweenpeople'sworkandtheirfamilylife

C.thecommutationbetweentheworkingplacesandemployees'

homes

0.people'sdesiretoworkfarawayfromwheretheywereborn

58、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

第13页，共21页

A.womencouldhavebeenmoreproductivethanmeninaproper

jobsystem

B.workinpre-industrialtimeshasbeendistriibutedevenlybetween

menandwomen

C.paidemploymenthasarousedserioussocialproblemsincurrent

society

D.womenhavebeentreatedunfairlyundertheemploymentsystem

ofindustrialage

59、Whatistheproblemfortheyoungundertheemployment

system?

A.Theyarelesslikelytocompetewiththeaged.

B.Theyaremuchworriedaboutthegenerationgap.

C.Theyaremorelikelytosufferfromunemployment.

D.Theiracademicperformancesseemuselessforjobhunting.

60、Whatisthepossiblechangeofjobforms?

A.Full-timeemploymentwillnotbethedominantformofwork.

第14页，共21页

B.Mostpeoplecanworkathomeandforthemselves.

第14页，共21页

C.Thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenwilldisappear.

D.AIIpeoplegetequaljobopportunitiesandequalpay.

回答61-65题：

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachair

sac（囊），oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethin

walloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛细血管）arebetween

theairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthrough

thewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthe

bloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfrom

thecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofan

airsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.At

thesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygen

butverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterials

alwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.

Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsac

anddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbon

dioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflows

fromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsof

thebody.

第15页，共21页

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenand

takesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingas

itshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichis

causedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacs

inyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesare

controlledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeep

yourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabout

twenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouare

exercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyour

lungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale(吸入),whileusedairisforcedoutof

yourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthe

lungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Butthese

ideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen(M).

Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnot

changeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itis

changedinthreeways:(1)Aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoes

intotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesout

ofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassages

andairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

第16页，共21页

61、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbon

dioxide

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

62、Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

63、Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively.

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

第17页，共21页

0.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

64、Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen.

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

65、Theairinthelungschangesthrough.

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

0.generatingapassageforevaporation

PartVITranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatea

passagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron

AnswerSheet2.

第18页，共21页

要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多，

其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在

1840年至I860。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确

的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是

在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爰，也

受到全国人民的喜爰。

TheCivilServantTestCraze

ThepictureshowsthatthereareanincreasingnumberofpeopleparticipatingintheCivilServantTestinrecentyears.

MillionsofpeopleconsiderbeingacivilservantastheirmostidealoccupationThecrazeforCivilServantTesthasattracted

widespreadattention.

Thefollowingfactorsandreasonsmayaccountforthiskindofcraze.Aboveallpeople,especiallycollegestudentsare

confrontinggreatemploymentpressurenowadaysBeingacivilsecantbecomestheirpreferablechoiceasitisoneofthe

moststableprofessionsinChinaMoreover,thewelfareandsalaryofcivilservantshavebeenimprovedsteadily,whichis

quiteattractivetomanypeopleBesides,civilservantsenjoyahighsocialstatus

InmyopinionthecrazewillcontinueinthefollowingyearsHoweverthisisnotagoodphenomenonIfmanyhigh-quality

graduatesandelitesofindustriesgatherinthegovernmentdepartmentsitmightleadtoawasteofhumanresources.Itis

notbeneficialtothedevelopmentofournation,eitherTherefore,itisvitalthattheindividualshaveamoreobjective

understandingofthecrazeandmakesurenottofollowthetrendblindly

【译文】

从图中可以看出，近年来，越来越多的人参加公务员考试。数以百万计的人把公务员当做他们最理想的取业。这种公务员考试

热引起了广泛关注。

以下因素和原因或许可以解释这股热潮：首先，人们，尤其是大学生，当前面临着巨大的就业压力。成为公务员是他们的优先

选择，因为它是中国最稳定的取业之一。此外，公务员的福利和薪酬水平已得到稳步提升，这对许多人来说相当诲人。而且，

公务员享有较高的社会地位。

我认为，接下来几年，这股热潮将持续下去。然而，这并不是好现短。假如很多高素质的毕业生和行业精英都涌向政府部门，

这可能会导致人力资源的浪费，对我们国家的发展同样不利。因此，至关