人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS单元达标检测含答案

单元达标检测UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.2.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A.Patient.B.Sorry.C.Annoyed.3.Whatisthemanbuying?A.Achair.B.Aladder.C.Abookcase.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Wheretoapplyforjobs.B.Howtodealwithstress.C.Whentogoshopping.5.Whywasthewoman'screditcardcanceled?A.Shehadapoorincome.B.Shegotintoheavydebt.C.Shemadelatepayments.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewoman?A.Acustomer.B.Asalesperson.C.Astoremanager.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Makeacomplaint.B.Letgoofheranger.C.Callthepolice.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Fixatime.B.Dropheroffontheway.C.Takeherdresstothecleaner's.9.Whatdayisittoday?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.10.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSunday?A.Buytickets.B.Watchthefootballgame.C.Attendtheweddingceremony.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.WhydoesthewomanchoosetostayintheUK?A.Itprovidesopportunities.B.Herparentswanthertostay.C.Shedoesn'tlikeherhomecountry.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gotoaresearchcenter.B.Studyintheoffice.C.Askforadvice.13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirparents.B.Acareerplan.C.Workingexperience.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthiscompetitionabout?A.Savingenergyathome.B.Reducingnoisepollution.C.Usingtechnologycreatively.15.Whatisthestoneusedfor?A.Startingthemachine.B.Increasingairpressure.C.Producingcarbondioxide.16.Whatistheliquidcomingfromcarbondioxideinthedishwasherdesignedtodo?A.Cleanthedishes.B.Startthemachine.C.Givepressuretothestone.17.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Todiscussthewayofwritingapaper.B.Tofindtherightmaterialforamodel.C.Tostudytheapproachtodetaileddrawings.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhendidManfredSteinergainhismedicaldegree?A.In1951.B.In1955.C.In2000.19.WhatdidSteiner'sprofessorthinkofhim?A.Determined.B.Generous.C.Stubborn.20.WhatisSteiner'splanforhisfuture?A.Topublishhisstory.B.Toofferadviceonsuccess.C.TohelptheprofessorsinBrown.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASmartKidsFestivalEvents“SmartKids”isacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopayforwhatyouwantorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcanpre-bookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthedirector'spicks.WalkontheWildSideNotticketed,FreeJoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongthewayyou'llmeetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandfoodchains.It'sbestsuitedtochildrenaged5-9.Childrenunder8mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.IntroductiontoWavesPre-book,PWYDSubjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeaturessharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.ScienceintheFieldNotticketed,FreeThisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.Comealongforinspiringandinformativestoriesstraightfromthescientist'smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindoutmoreinthisfun-filledworkshop.FestivalDinnerPre-book,￡25perpersonWhetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodshouldyoueattotrickyourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.21.Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?A.FestivalDinner.B.WalkontheWildSide.C.ScienceintheField.D.IntroductiontoWaves.22.Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?A.SarahLaw.B.MikeGoldsmith.C.MarkSamuels.D.TomCrawford.23.Whatdothefoureventshaveincommon?A.Theyareallfamily-based.B.Theyareallscience-themed.C.Theyareallpickedbychildren.D.Theyareallfilledwithadventures.BAdaLovelacewasbornonDecember10th1815.Ada'smotherandfather(thefamouspoetLordGeorgeGordonByron)partedjustweeksaftershewasborn.Hermotherfearedhertogrowupwithherfather'schangeablenature.Tostopthisfromhappening,Adawasforcedbyhermothertolearnscienceandmathematics,whichwasunusualforwomenatthetime.Shewasalsopunishedifherworkwasnotuptostandard.However,shewasgreatlyinterestedinmathematicsandscienceandwouldperhapshavelearnedaboutthemonherown.Adawaspartiallydisabledandasaresultspentmuchtimestudying.Adaknewofhermother'sthoughtaboutkeepingthecreativesideofherfromgerminating(萌芽).However,asAdaherselfisknowntohavesaid,“Ifyoucan'tgivemepoetry,can'tyougivemepoeticalscience?”Adagotmarriedat19,toWilliamKingwhowasmadetheEarlofLovelacein1838,atwhichpointshebecameLadyAdaKing,theCountessofLovelace,butwasknownasAdaLovelace.AdaandKinghadarelativelyhappymarriage,withKingevenencouraginghiswife'sloveofnumbers.

Duringheryouth,AdawasintroducedtotheScot,MarySomerville,whowasknownasthe“Queenof19thCenturyScience”andwasthefirstwomantobeacceptedintotheRoyalAstronomicalSociety.ItwasthroughMarySomervillethatAdafirstheardofCharlesBabbage'sideaforanewcalculating(计算)engine.Attractedbythisidea,Adabeganaperiodofletter-writingwithhimthatwouldcometodecideherprofessionallife.AdametBabbagewhenshewasaround17andthetwobecameclosefriends.Babbagewasworkingonan“AnalyticalEngine”,somethinghewasdesigningtodealwithcomplexcalculations.Adawaslateraskedtotranslateanarticle.Shenotonlytranslatedthearticlebutaddedpagesandpagesofnotes,calculationsandinnovations(新事物).Hernoteswerepublishedin1843anditturnedoutthatwhatshehadwrittenwassooriginal.Itisnowseenasthefirstcomprehensivecommentonwhatwouldbecomemodern-daycomputerprogramming.Althoughimpressive,Adawasnotactuallygivencreditforthearticleuntil1848.24.WhathappenedtoAdainherchildhood?A.Shewaspushedtolearnscientificknowledge.B.Shehadtocompareherselfwithotherwomen.C.Shegaveuplearningbecauseofherfather.D.Shewasgreatlycaredforbyherfather.25.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A.Adathoughtpoetrywasboring.B.Adabelievedpoetrywasharderthanscience.C.Adathoughtsciencewascreative.D.Adawasinterestedinbothscienceandpoetry.26.WhatdecidedAda'sprofessionallife?A.ThesupportoftheRoyalAstronomicalSociety.B.HercommunicationwithBabbage.C.Herhusband'sencouragement.D.Somerville'ssuggestions.27.WhatdidAdadoaftershemetBabbage?A.Shetaughtpeoplehowtoprogram.B.Sheinventedan“AnalyticalEngine”.C.ShepraisedBabbage'sachievements.D.Shetranslatedanarticleanddevelopedit.CBookingyournextvacationtospacecouldsoonbeareality.OrbitalAssemblyCorporationannouncedtwonewstationconceptsdesignedwithspacetourismaccommodations.Oneofthestations,calledPioneer,couldorbitEarthasearlyas2025.TheGatewayFoundationcirculatedideasforaspacehotelin2019.Thegoalofthestationsistorunaspacebusinessparkthatcanserveasahomeawayfromhomewithroomforofficesandtourists.OrbitalAssemblywasfoundedbytheGatewayFoundationteamasawaytohelpmakethesedreamscometrue.TheproposedPioneerStationcanaccommodate28people.Thesecondstation,Voyager,scheduledtoopenin2027,canholdupto400people.“Thegoalhasalwaysbeentomakeitpossibleforlargenumbersofpeopletolive,workandthriveinspace,”saysOrbitalAssembly'sCOOTimAlatorre.Bothstationslooklikeawheelandwillfeatureartificialgravitythatallowsgueststomovecomfortablyoneachstation.Pioneerfeaturesfivemodulesbuiltaroundtherotating“GravityRing”architecturedesign.Touristsmaystillfeelsomeweightlessnessbutwillalsobeabletodrinkoutofacupandwon'thavetobetiedtoabedtosleep.“Thegravityworkslikehowaspinningbucketpushesthewaterouttothesidesofthebucketandstaysinplace,”Alatorreexplains.Nearthemiddleofthestation,therewillbenoartificialgravity,butgravitygraduallyincreasesfurtherawayfromthecenter.WhilethePioneerStationwillbesmallerthanVoyager,guestscanstillshower,eatanddrinksittingdowninareaswithgravity.EachstationisfurnishedlikeluxuryhotelsonEarth.VoyagerwillfeaturearestaurantandsuiteswithviewsofEarth.Asignificantbarriertospacetravelisthecost.However,OrbitalAssemblyexpectstouriststoseekatrekintospaceasspacetraveleventuallybecomeslessexpensive.“WeenvisionourPioneerandVoyagerspacestationsastheultimateecotourismdestinations.Oncepeoplegettospace,itwillchangetheirperspectiveonEarth,”Alatorresays.“Spacetravelisstillatitsearlystage,andwe'reexcitedtodoourparttopushitforwardtohelpimprovelifeonEarth.”28.WhatisthegoalofthePioneerandVoyagerspacestations?A.Torevolutionizespacetravel.B.Toserveasluxuryhotelsinspace.C.Toofferauniqueandimmersiveexperience.D.Toenablethelargescaleoflivingandworkinginspace.29.WhatdothePioneerandVoyagerspacestationshaveincommon?A.Artificialgravity.B.Suiteswithviews.C.Openingtime.D.Passengercapacity.30.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.The“GravityRing”rotatesaroundthestation.B.Thegravityisweakinthecentralpointofthestation.C.Thegravityoperateslikeaspinningbucketkeepingwaterinside.D.The“GravityRing”onPioneeristhesameasthatonVoyager.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NoGravityTravel:PioneerandVoyagerStationsB.SpaceHotelsforHumans:PioneerandVoyagerStationsC.OvercomingtheBarrier:PioneerandVoyagerStationsD.LuxuryTravelDestinations:PioneerandVoyagerStationsDOuterspaceisgettingspicier(更辛辣的),thankstoanewNASAplantoaddalittlemoreflavortoastronauts'diets.AstronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)aregrowingredandgreenchilipeppers(辣椒)fortheveryfirsttime.AteamofresearchersattheKennedySpaceCenterplanted48seedsinadevicecalledasciencecarrier,whichhasclayforrootstogrowinandaspeciallyformulatedcontrolled-releasefertilizer.ThedeviceisfittedintotheAdvancedPlantHabitat(APH),oneofthreeplantgrowthroomsaboard.“TheAPHisthelargestplantgrowthfacilityonthespacestationandhas180sensorsandcontrolsformonitoringplantgrowthandtheenvironment,”saidprojectmanagerNicoleDufour.“Itisadiversegrowthroom,anditallowsustohelpcontroltheexperimentfromKennedy,reducingthetimeastronautsspendtendingtothecrops.”Thepepperswillspendaboutfourmonthsgrowingbeforetheycanbeharvestedandeaten,markingthefirsttimeastronautshaveplantedpeppersonthestationfromseedstomaturity.“Itisoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsonthestationtodatebecauseofthelonggerminationandgrowingtime,”saidMattRomeyn.“Wehavepreviouslytestedfloweringtoincreasethechanceofasuccessfulharvestbecauseastronautswillhavetopollinate(给……授粉)thepepperstobearfruit.”ResearcherswillmonitorthegrowthofthepeppersandcomparethemwithacontrolgrouponEarth.“Thechallengeistheabilitytofeedcrewsinlow-Earthorbit,andthentosustainexplorersduringfuturemissionsbeyondlow-EarthorbittodestinationsincludingtheMoonandeventuallytoMars,”Romeynsaid.“Wearelimitedtocropsthatdon'tneedstorage,orextensiveprocessing.”“Thisisimportantbecausethefoodastronautseatneedstobeasgoodastherestoftheequipment.TosuccessfullysendpeopletoMarsandbringthembacktoEarth,wewillnotonlyrequirethemostnutritiousfoods,butthebest-tastingonesaswell,”saidteamleaderLaShelleSpencer.32.Howdoesthefirstsentencesound?A.Magical.B.Humorous.C.Romantic.D.Scientific.33.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecropsintheAPHistrueaccordingtoNicole?A.Theyaremonitoredbyphones.B.Theydon'tneedfertilizertogrowwell.C.Theymainlygrowinawatertank.D.TheycanbelookedafterbypeopleonEarth.34.Howwillastronautshelpgrowpeppers?A.Bygettingthepepperspollinated.B.Byrecordingthepeppers'growth.C.Bywateringthepeppersontime.D.Bykeepingthegrowingroomwarm.35.WhydoastronautstrygrowingcropsontheISS?A.TosolvethefoodproblemonEarth.B.Toprepareplants'growthinotherplanets.C.Toenrichastronauts'dietsonfurtherdestinations.D.Tocultivatecropswithnoextensiveprocessing.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtobecomeascientistBecurious.Scientistschoosetobecomescientistsbecausetheyarecuriousabouttheworldaroundthemandhowthethingsinitwork.Thiscuriosityleadsthemtoinvestigatethethingsbehindwhattheysee.36Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.Thereareveryfewcareersthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenwhenyou'redonewithyoureducation,youstillhavetogetresearchunderyourbelt.Ifyou'reaninstant-gratification(即时满足的)typeofperson,thismaynotbetherightcareerforyou.

Bediligentandpersevere.It'sbeensaidthatjobsinsciencearethelowestpaidintheUS.Whatthisisgettingatisthatbecauseofthelongpathtosuccess,forawhileyouwon'tbelivinglavishly(奢侈地).37

Havetheneedtoalwayskeeplearning.38Whetherit'sreadingpeer-reviewedjournals,attendingseminars,orworkingtowardgettingyourworkpublished,you'llalwaysbelearning.39Inthoseyearsofwaitingforresults,youneedtoconstantlybelookingforthesmallestchangesinwhatyouexpecttosee.Youreyesneedtobefocusedandreadyatalltimes.

Thinkdifferently.ThinkbacktoNewton'sapplefallingonhisheadorArchimedes'jumpingintohistubanddisplacingwater.Mostpeoplewouldthinknothingoftheseevents,butthesemensawsomethingelse,somethingnooneelsewasseeingatthetime.40

A.Observationskillsarealsonecessary.B.Bepatientwithclimbingthecareerladder.C.Thingsaregoingtobetoughforawhile.D.Thenyou'reprobablymadeoftherightstuff.E.Asthesayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”F.Actuallywhateveryscientistdoesisseekoutknowledge.G.Tomakeprogressinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.36.37.38.39.40.

第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Careersinsciencearegenerallybelievedtobetoocomplexforstudentswhoaren'ttalentedorcleverenough,butScottKelly,commanderoftheInternationalSpaceStation,wouldproveit'swrong.Asakid,hewasabsent-mindedand41inscienceandallothersubjectsaswell.Hecouldn't42whattheteacherssaidinclass.Therefore,heearnedterriblegradesand43graduatedfromhighschool,andheeventhoughthewouldnever44hisdreams.

Thatall45whenhepickedupthefilmTheRightStuff,TomWolfe'sclassicaccountofthepioneeringAmericanswhofirstexploredspace.46,hewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut,whichmeantdoingwellin47class.Sofromthatdayon,he48hismindtodowellinit.

Aftersomanyyearsofdaydreaming,itwouldn'tbe49.Buthestartedregardingstudyasagame.Themorehe50hisstudyskills,thebettergradeshegot.Eventually,itbecamea(n)51withhimselftoseehowgoodhecouldget.Thentheformer52startedgettingstraightA'sinscience,whichis53forthosewhowanttobeanastronaut.

Soweneedtostop54theideathatscienceisjusttoohard.Everyonecanlearnthisstuff—hejustneedstobe55todothework.

41.A.uninterestedB.absorbedC.engagedD.experienced42.A.holdonB.bankonC.lookintoD.focuson43.A.easilyB.nearlyC.barelyD.successfully44.A.abandonB.acknowledgeC.endD.achieve45.A.finishedB.suspendedC.occurredD.changed46.A.InspiredB.DepressedC.SatisfiedD.Shocked47.A.scienceB.architectureC.geographyD.chemistry48.A.putupB.madeupC.passedupD.weighedup49.A.alternativeB.difficultC.easyD.decent50.A.rejectedB.practicedC.arrangedD.exchanged51.A.principleB.agreementC.competitionD.guidance52.A.astronautB.daydreamerC.scientistD.pioneer53.A.essentialB.superiorC.convenientD.worthy54.A.correctingB.abandoningC.emphasisingD.dismissing55.A.ashamedB.availableC.afraidD.willing第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AccordingtoareportbySouthChinaMorningPost,Chinaisplanningtolaunchahyperloop(超级高铁),alsoknown56asuper-highspeedpipelinemaglevsystemby2035.Iftheprojectgoesas57(plan),thenewtrainwillbetheworld'sfastestground-basedtransport.

Inthepastfewdays,theChinesegovernmentofficers58(announce)theapprovalofthecountry'sfirsthyperloopline.Its59(long)willbe150kilometers,anditwillpassbetweenShanghaiandHangzhou.Thedistancebetweenthetwocitiescanbecoveredinaboutthreehoursbycaroranhourbyhigh-speedtrain.Butthehyperloopcanreachthespeedof1000km/h,60meanstheroutecanbecompletedinjust15minutes.

TheprojectwillmakeChinaoneofthepioneersinhyperlooptechnology,61(allow)fastertravelbetweenseveralmajorcities.Thehyperloopprovides62high-securitylevelwithlowenergyconsumption.Thetechnologywill63(far)advanceChina'spositionasaleaderintransport.

Asuper-fasthyperlooptraininChinahascompleted64(it)firsttestruns.TheseconsistedofthreetestrunsatasuperconductingmaglevtestlineinDatong,ShanxiProvince.However,thecurrenttubeavailablefortrialsmeasuresonly2kmlong.It65(expect)tobeextendedto60kminthenearfuture.

56.57.58.59.60.

61.62.63.64.65.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Peter听说,在中国,现在人工智能已经进入人们的日常生活,其中包括旅游业。他来信询问你国庆假期是否有这方面的体验,请用英文给他回信,内容包括:1.购买门票可直接手机支付;2.面部识别入景区;3.邀请他来体验。注意:写作词数应为80个左右。参考词汇:面部识别facialrecognition

第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Cut,cut,cut!”Ishouted.Butthatdidn'tstopChewyfromchasingafterthesquirrels(追逐松鼠)thathadcaughthiseyehalfwaythroughtheshot.“You'resupposedtoberunningafterthethief,notsquirrels!”Isaid.ButChewydidn'tcare.Hehadalreadymovedontochewinghisleash(皮带).WhatkindofHollywooddogwearsaleash?ItwasDad'srule,though.BecauseChewywasonlyalittledog,Ihadtokeephimontheleashwheneverwefilmedoutside.AslongasIfollowedthatrule,IcoulduseDad'soldcellphonetoshootmymovie.“Let'strythisagain,”Isaid.Thistime,Chewyrantheentirelengthofthebackyard.Withtheleashon,though,hedidn'texactlyappeartobeinanyrealhurrytocatchanyone.Theonlywaytomakethislookrealwouldbetotakeofftheleash.ButthatwouldmeanbreakingthepromiseImadetoDad.Ontheotherhand,ifImovedquicklyandwascarefulwithmycameraangles,wouldDadeverknowaboutit?Aftertakingofftheleash,IputChewydown,readytorecord.ButbeforeIcouldshout“Action!”,ChewyranacrosstheyardanddownthedrivewayandjumpedincirclesaroundMrs.Yang,ournext-doorneighbor.“YoumustsmellthedogbiscuitsIjustboughtforyou,”shesaidtohim.That'swhenChewynoticedherbag.Asifitwereoneofhistoys,hegrabbeditwithhismouthandpulled.Mrs.Yang'sthingsdroppedonthesidewalk.IwantedtoapologizeandhelpMrs.Yangpickupherthings.ButthenIrememberedsomething.IfDadfoundoutthatIhadtakenChewy'sleashoff,Iwouldn'tbeabletousehiscellphoneanymore.Inapanic,ItookChewyandraninsidethehouse.WhenDadarrivedhomethatevening,Ihandedhimhiscellphone.“Didyoufinishshootingyourmoviealready?”heasked.注意:续写词数应为150个左右。Ishookmyheadandtoldhimeverythingthathadhappened.

“Apologyaccepted,”saidMrs.Yang.

答案全解全析1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C11.A12.C13.B14.C15.A16.A17.B18.B19.A20.C21.D22.C23.B24.A25.C26.B27.D28.D29.A30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.C36.B37.C38.F39.A40.G41.A42.D43.C44.D45.D46.A47.A48.B49.C50.B51.C52.B53.A54.C55.D56.as57.planned58.haveannounced59.length60.which61.allowing62.a63.further64.its65.isexpected第二部分阅读第一节A◎语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项以科学为主题的活动以及各项活动的内容和特色。21.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“itisexperimentingwith...(PWYD)...canafford”可知,PWYD指你可以决定为你想要的或能买得起的东西付钱,而四项活动的介绍中只有IntroductiontoWaves有PWYD。故选D。22.C细节理解题。根据ScienceintheField部分中的“ascientist...gatheringfirst-handdataon...”和“JoinMarkSamuelstofindout...”可知,MarkSamuels会谈论收集一手数据的经历。故选C。23.B推理判断题。根据WalkontheWildSide部分中的“hearsciencestories”、IntroductiontoWaves部分中的“Subjectsrangefrom...tocrashingwavesontheocean.”、ScienceintheField部分中的“ascientistsharing...first-handdata”和FestivalDinner部分中的“markthefirstsciencefestival”可知,四项活动的共同点是它们都以科学为主题。故选B。B◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了AdaLovelace的事迹,展现了她对数学和科学知识的热爱。24.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Adawasforcedbyhermothertolearnscienceandmathematics,whichwasunusualforwomenatthetime.Shewasalsopunishedifherworkwasnotuptostandard.”可知,Ada小时候,她的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。25.C句意猜测题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“keepingthecreativesideofherfromgerminating”可知,母亲不愿Ada继承父亲多变的特质,所以强迫她学习科学知识,让她的创造力无法萌发,但Ada对数学和科学很感兴趣。画线句将poetry和science进行比较,说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选C。26.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Attractedbythisidea,Adabeganaperiodofletter-writingwithhimthatwouldcometodecideherprofessionallife.”可知,Ada与CharlesBabbage针对科学知识展开的交流决定了她以后的职业生涯。故选B。27.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Shenotonlytranslatedthearticlebutaddedpagesandpagesofnotes,calculationsandinnovations.”可知,她翻译了一篇文章并添加了很多注释。故选D。C◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了先锋站和旅行者站两个空间站的建设和运行情况,未来人们有望去太空度假。28.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thegoalofthestationsistorunaspacebusinessparkthatcanserveasahomeawayfromhomewithroomforofficesandtourists.”和第三段中的“Thegoalhasalwaysbeentomakeitpossibleforlargenumbersofpeopletolive,workandthriveinspace”可知,这两个空间站的目标是使在太空中的大规模生活和工作成为可能。故选D。29.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Bothstationslooklikeawheelandwillfeatureartificialgravitythatallowsgueststomovecomfortablyoneachstation.”可知,这两个空间站的共同之处在于都采用了人工重力。故选A。30.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thegravityworkslikehowaspinningbucketpushesthewaterouttothesidesofthebucketandstaysinplace”可知,重力的动作方式类似于旋转桶,桶旋转时将其中的水推向桶的四周并保持在原地。故选C。31.B主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的“Oneofthestations,calledPioneer,couldorbitEarthasearlyas2025.”和第三段中的“Thesecondstation,Voyager,scheduledtoopenin2027,canholdupto400people.”可知,文章主要介绍了两个可以为太空游客提供食宿的空间站——先锋站和旅行者站的建设和运行情况。因此,B项“SpaceHotelsforHumans:PioneerandVoyagerStations”符合文章主旨。故选B。D◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,介绍了国际空间站上的宇航员首次种植了辣椒。32.B推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,美国国家航空航天局计划为宇航员的饮食增加更多的味道,宇航员因此在国际空间站上种植了辣椒,而文章首句的“外太空正变得更加辛辣”是对此事的一个幽默诙谐的说法。故选B。33.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“itallowsustohelpcontroltheexperimentfromKennedy”可知,在APH中生长的作物可以由地球上的人照看。故选D。34.A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“astronautswillhavetopollinatethepepperstobearfruit”可知,宇航员通过给辣椒授粉来帮助种植辣椒。故选A。35.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TosuccessfullysendpeopletoMarsandbringthembacktoEarth,wewillnotonlyrequirethemostnutritiousfoods,butthebest-tastingonesaswell”可推测,宇航员在国际空间站上试验种植作物是为了在更远的目的地享用有营养且味道最好的食物。故选C。第二节◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从几个方面介绍了如何成为一名科学家,包括有好奇心、有耐心、勤奋且持之以恒、不断学习和从不同角度思考。36.B根据后句“Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.”可知,成为科学家需要很长时间,所以B项“Bepatientwithclimbingthecareerladder.”符合语境。故选B。37.C根据前句“Whatthisisgettingatisthatbecauseofthelongpathtosuccess,forawhileyouwon'tbelivinglavishly.”可知,通往成功的道路可能会很艰难,所以C项“Thingsaregoingtobetoughforawhile.”符合语境。故选C。38.F根据前句“Havetheneedtoalwayskeeplearning.”和后句“Whetherit'sreadingpeer-reviewedjournals,attendingseminars,orworkingtowardgettingyourworkpublished,you'llalwaysbelearning.”可知,科学家不断地在学习,也就是在寻求知识,所以F项“Actuallywhateveryscientistdoesisseekoutknowledge.”符合上下文语境。故选F。39.A根据后文“Youreyesneedtobefocusedandreadyatalltimes.”可知,成为科学家需要有观察能力,所以A项“Observationskillsarealsonecessary.”符合语境。故选A。40.G根据本段主旨句“Thinkdifferently.”可知,本段主要是介绍成为科学家的条件之一就是从不同角度思考问题,所以G项“Tomakeprogressinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.”符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用第一节◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了ScottKelly从一个成天做白日梦的差等生,到下定决心成为一名宇航员,努力学习科学并实现梦想的故事。41.A根据空格前的“absent-minded”可知,他心不在焉,对科学和其他所有科目都不感兴趣。故选A。42.D根据下文的“Therefore,heearnedterriblegrades”可知,因为课上不能集中注意力听老师讲课,所以他成绩糟糕。故选D。43.C根据上文的“Therefore,heearnedterriblegrades”可知,他成绩差,所以勉强能从高中毕业。故选C。44.D根据空后的“hisdreams”和上文描述可知,他成绩差,所以他甚至认为自己永远无法实现自己的梦想。故选D。45.D根据下文的“whenhepickedupthefilmTheRightStuff”和“hewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut”可知,这部电影对他影响很大,他想要成为一名宇航员,所以是一切都发生了改变。故选D。46.A上句提到《太空英雄》这部电影,下文提到他决心成为一名宇航员,应是受到了电影的启发。故选A。47.A要想成为一名宇航员,应该是在科学课上表现出色,下文的“straightA'sinscience”也是提示。故选A。48.B为了成为一名宇航员,他下定决心学好科学。故选B。49.C根据