Unit7Grammar课件牛津译林版英语八年级下册

8B

Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar

1.Whatisthegoodnewsforpeoplewitheyeproblems80percentofthesecasescan__________________.2.HowdoesORBIShelpTheplane_________________atrainingcentre.Localdoctorsandnurses__________________________________.3.HowmanyoperationsdoesDrMadoduringavisit_____________________________duringhislastvisit.4.WhatdoesORBISneedmost________________________carryonwithourwork.RevisionAninterviewwithanORBISdoctorbepreventedorcuredisalsousedas150patientswereoperatedonMoremoneyisneededtoareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations语态分类主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，如:Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,如:Operationsaredone(byvolunteerdoctors)ontheplane.

1.AboycalledTomhadeyeproblems.2.

HewrotetoORBISforhelp.3.Hewasoperatedonlastmonth.4.Hiseyeproblemwascured.5.ORBIShelpshimseetheworldagain.6.Hislifeisimprovednow.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActiveActivePracticeTheplaneisusedasatrainingcenter.动作的执行者是泛指或者不言明时。Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.在不知道或是不必知道动作的执行者是谁时。Whentousethepassivevoice需要强调动作的承受者时。Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.Hewasoperatedonlastmonth.Hiseyeproblemwascured.Hislifeisimprovednow.被动语态的构成：主语+be+V(p.p.)Howtoformthepassivevoice◆am/are/is+done

am/are/isnot

+donewas/werenot

+done◆was/were+doneThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttensenegativesentencestructureHowtoformthepassivevoice基本结构：be+过去分词（be体现时态）Manytrees__________inspring.Manytrees_____________inwinter.Lights______________toprotecttheEarthlastmonth.Lights________________inmanyhousestosaveenergy.areplantedaren’tplanted(plant)(turnoff)(turnon)wereturnedoffweren’tturnedonHaveatry!1.Today

English_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.tookC.aretakenD.istakenHaveatry!CanTomcatchJerryAtlast,Jerrywascaught________.

activevoicepassivevoiceby

TomWatchandsay!Wecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.Ontheplane,operationsaredone

by

volunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.Manyblindpeoplewerehelped

by

ORBISdoctors.by…“被……”Howtouse'by'inpassivevoiceactivevoicepassivevoiceImadesomebread.Somebreadme.

wasmadeby

1234找换改加Findthesubject

andobjectChangetheplaceofthesubjectandobjectChangetheverbinto

be+done（be体现时态）Add“by”beforethenewobjectHowtouse'by'inpassivevoice1234找出主语和宾语交换主语和宾语的位置改动词为“be+V过去分词”加“by”在新宾语前Workouttherule1.TomoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.

JennyisoftenhelpedbyTomwhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.

Acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.

Eddieate

thewholecakeyesterday.4.Manytreesareplanted

bystudentsandteacherseveryyear.

Studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear.5.Shetakes

goodcareofthechildren.

Thechildrenaretaken

goodcareof

byher.Putthesentencesintothepassivevoiceortheactivevoice.Haveatry!ActiveActiveActivePassivePassiveWhat

theydoeveryyearTheyplancharityactivitiestohelpthepoor.Volunteershandoutleafletstopeopleinthestreet.TheyselltoysandCDstoraisemoney.123Charityactivities

areplanned

tohelpthepoor.Leaflets

arehandedouttopeople

inthestreet

by

volunteers.ToysandCDs

aresold

toraisemoney.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.(PartA)Tryit!Whattheydidlastweek456TheClass1,Grade8studentssentnewbookstothechildreninpoorareas.Theycollectedwarmclothesforpoorpeople.TheStudents’Unionheldacharityshow.Newbooks

weresent

to

childreninpoorareas

bytheClass1,Grade8students.Warmclothes

werecollected

forpoorpeople.Acharityshow

was

held

by

theStudents’Union.AmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.(PartB)Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:ReallyPleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem_______(call)ProjectHope.It___________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry___________________________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.Tryit!

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisused

iscalled

wasstartedweregivenarebuilt/havebeengivenSomethingtopayattentiontogivesb.sth.Igivehimanapple.isgivenanapplebyme.isgiventohimbyme.HeAnappleIbuyhimanapple.Anappleisboughtforhimbyme.sthisgiventosb.buysb.sth.sthisboughtforsb.1.含可接双宾语的动词（teach，give，pass，show）的句子改成被动语态，当直接宾语作为主语的时候，间接宾语要加介词to/for.e.g.他传给了我一本书。Hepassedme

abook.=Hepassedabooktome.

一本书被他传给我了。

Abookwaspassedtomebyhim.

我被他传了一本书。

Iwaspassedabookbyhim.SomethingtopayattentiontoIknowacharitycalledUNICEF.2.被动语态充当后置定语时be可以省略。makesb.dosth.Hemakesmelaugh.Iammadetolaughbyhim.sb+be动词+made+todosth.3.感官动词(watch,hear,see)和使役动词(make,let,have)被动语态不省toWeheardsomeoneopenthedoor.Someonewasheardtoopenthedoorbyus.Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestorybytheteacher.Practice4.不及物动词没有被动语态，因为后面没有宾语。但是“不及物动词+介词”我们就可以当成及物动词来看含有“不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词+宾语”变被动语态时，介词副词要保留Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitelybyus.主动变被动，①双宾是特殊，直接宾语做主语，间接宾语要加to（for）②感官和使役，被动要加to③不及动词加介词，变成被动留介词Whenweshouldn'tusepassivevoice这茶尝起来不错。Theteatastesgood.1系动词无被动语态如：系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。昨天下午发生了一场地震。Anearthquakehappenedyesterdayafternoon.tookplace2happentakeplace存在发生类：have,happen,takeplace,begin,end,arrive,cost,fit,cometrue,breakout,breakdown...无被动语态3Thenewbook___(sell)well.They_______outquickly.sellsaresold一些不及物动词和well,easily等副词连用，常用主动语态表被动含义。如：read，write，draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。

e.g.这道菜闻起来很香。Thedishsmellsgood.

这段音乐听起来不错。

Themusicsounds

nice.

e.g.这些书很畅销。Thebookssellwell.

这支笔写起来很顺滑。

Thepenwritessmoothly.

Practicesth.beadj.todosththink/feel/find/sth.adj.todosth.此时形容词表示难易、利弊，句中动词不用被动语态。这问题很容易回答。Theproblemiseasytoanswer.我发现这个任务很难完成.Ifindthetaskdifficulttofinish.41.handout分发，提出=giveout动副结构2.holdv.举行

过去式：held过去分词：heldv.拿着，抓住Heheldanappleinhishand.v.容纳，装得下Thebuscanholdabout50people.v.使保持特定姿势状态Holdyourbreathunderwater.3.setup

建起，设立

动副结构

经常指组织，机构，公司等。4.including

介词.包含，包括v.include用动词的被动语态填空:English____________(speak)byma