2024年人教版中考英语复习之动词和动词短语课件

语法复习动词和动词短语01中考考情导航02考点精讲精练03中考提分特训目录中考考情导航考点精讲精练动词的基本形式1．动词的五种基本形式和构成规则基本形式构成规则例子动词原形动词的原始形式study;be;like;catch;depend基本形式构成规则例子第三人称单数(1)以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加espass—passes;teach—teaches;wash—washes;go—goes(2)以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i再加escarry—carries;cry—cries;fly—flies;try—tries(3)其他情况直接在词尾加sread—reads;take—takes;put—puts基本形式构成规则例子现在分词（v-ing）(1)以不发音的字母e结尾的，先去e再加ingwrite—writing;have—having;make—making(2)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母再加ingswim—swimming;run—running;get—getting;sit—sitting;put—putting;begin—beginning(3)以－ie结尾的，先改ie为y,再加ingdie—dying;lie—lying;tie—tying(4)其他情况直接在词尾加ingread—reading;catch—catching;do—doing基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词(v-ed)(1)以字母e结尾的，直接加dlive—lived;hope—hoped;decide—decided(2)以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i再加edstudy—studied;worry—worried;hurry—hurried(3)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母再加edstop—stopped;shop—shopped；plan—planned;drop—dropped；regret—regretted(4)其他情况直接在词尾加edwork—worked;pass—passed；depend—depended【注意】不规则动词的过去式与过去分词详见插件《早读材料》的不规则动词表。2.及物动词和不及物动词根据能否接宾语可将动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。如：Ineedsomewater.(2)不及物动词本身意义完整，不需要接宾语。如：Sherunsquickly.(3)有些动词既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。如：①Ican'thearverywell.我听觉不太好。②Sheheardfootstepsbehindher.她听到背后有脚步声。动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词bedoesstoppingpassedcarriedis being was/were beendo doing did donestop stops stopped stoppedpass passes passing passedcarry carries carrying carried动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词makediesteachingputmakes making made madedie dying died diedteach teaches taught taughtput puts putting put系动词系动词后面要接名词或形容词。常见的系动词有：系动词例子be动词Mybrotherisverytall.五感官：look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来),feel(感觉)①Themountainlookssobeautiful.②Thedishsmells

goodandtastes

delicious.系动词例子五变化：turn(变成；成为)，get(变得)，become(变成；变得)，go(变成；变为；变得)，grow(逐渐变得)①Whenheheardhisteacher'swords,hisfaceturnedredatonce.②Ifyoudon'tputthefoodinthefridge,itwillgobadeasily.seem(似乎),keep(保持)①Heseemsaniceman.②Weshouldkeepourclassroom

clean.助动词

本身不具有实际意义，不能独立作谓语，必须和实义动词一起用，在句中帮助提问、否定以及构成相应的时态和语态。常用的助动词有：be(is,am,are,was,were,isn't,amnot,aren't,wasn't,weren't),do(do,does,did,don't,doesn't,didn't),will(will,won't,would,wouldn't),have(have,has,had,haven't,hasn't,hadn't)等。如：①Iamgoingtobeamiddleschoolstudentnextyear.②Shedoesn'twanttohavelunchhere.( )1.(2021·青海改编)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood. A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels2．(2021·长春改编)ChinaPandaTrainfromChengdutoZunyi________puttouseonMarch28,2021.Cwas情态动词

表示说话人的情感与态度，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词原形一起构成谓语，一般无人称和数的变化。1．常用情态动词一览表：情态动词用法例子can/could(1)表能力，意为“能；会”，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时(2)表请求或许可，意为“可以”，在疑问句中，could比can语气更委婉，回答时用can或can't/cannot①Mybestfriendcanspeakfivelanguages.我最好的朋友可以说五种语言。②—Could/CanIaskyouaquestion?我能问你一个问题吗？—Ofcourseyoucan.当然可以。情态动词用法例子may/might(1)表请求或许可，意为“可以”，比can正式，语气更加委婉；否定回答多用mustn't禁止/can't表示不可以(2)表祝愿、希望、祈求等①—MayIparkmycarhereforawhile？我可以把车停这儿一会儿吗？—No,youcan't.不，你不能。②Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你过得愉快。情态动词用法例子shall/should(1)shall用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见、建议或请求指示(2)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表允诺、警告、命令等(3)should表建议、义务，意为“应该”①Shallwegotothecinema？我们去电影院怎么样？②Ifyoubehavewell,youshallgetapresent.如果你表现好，你就可以得到一份礼物。③Youshouldreadhisnewbook.你应该读读他的新书。情态动词用法例子must/haveto(1)must意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观看法，用于现在时和将来时(2)haveto意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观需求，有人称、时态和数的变化hasto/hadto①Youmustarriveherebefore10o'clocktomorrow.你必须明天十点之前到这里。②Imissedthelastbus,soIhadtowalkhome.我错过了最后一班公交车，所以我得走回家了。need意为“需要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句中Youneedn'tcometomorrow.明天你不需要来。情态动词用法例子hadbetter表劝告、建议，意为“最好”，固定搭配hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事You'dbetternotswimintheriver.It'sverydangerous.你最好不要在河里游泳。那很危险。【注意】情态动词表否定时，在其后加not；变疑问句时，将其提到句首。2.情态动词表推测：情态动词用法例子may/might(1)表示不确定，may可能性大于might(2)may/mightnot意为“可能不”①Hemay/mightknowthewaytothepostoffice.Iamnotsure.他可能知道去邮局的路。我不确定。②Therearemanystarsinthesky.Itmay/mightnotraintomorrow.天上有很多星星。明天可能不会下雨。情态动词用法例子can/could(1)could比can表示的可能性要小(2)can表推测时用于疑问句(3)can't意为“不可能”①Whocanitbe？It'ssolate.会是谁呢？都这么晚了。②Theboyunderthetreecan'tbeJohn.HewenttoLondonwithhisparentsyesterday.树下的那个男孩不可能是约翰。他昨天和父母去伦敦了。情态动词用法例子must用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”ThenotebookmustbeLiMing's.Hisnameisonthefirstpage.这个笔记本一定是李明的。他的名字在第一页。表推测的可能性大小为：must＞can(疑问句)＞could＞may＞might＞can't用法例子can/couldcan表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力，二者没有人称和数的变化①Shecan/isabletodriveacar.她能开车。②Hecould/wasabletoplaythepianoattheageoften.他10岁时就能弹钢琴。③Iwillbeabletorideabikeinaweek.一个星期后我就会骑自行车。beabletobeableto可用于任何时态，有时态、人称和数的变化3.难点突破：(1)can/could与beableto辨析含义例子mustn't禁止，相当于can't(不能)，但语气比can't强烈Youmustn't/can'ttalkinclass.你不准在课堂上讲话。needn't/don'thaveto不必Theyneedn't/don'thavetohavebreakfastsoearly.他们不需要这么早吃早餐。(2)mustn't,needn't和don'thaveto辨析(3)几个情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：①—MayIsmokehere？我可以在这里抽烟吗？—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。/—No,youmustn't/can't/hadbetternot.不，你不能/最好不要。②—Can/Couldyoucometoseemetomorrow？你明天能来看我吗？—Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。/—No,Ican't.不，我不能。③—Musthegonow？他现在必须走吗？—Yes,hemust.是的，他必须走。/—No,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.不，他不需要。④—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday？我需要今天完成作业吗？—Yes,youmust.是的，你必须。/—No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，你不需要。( )1.(2019·广东)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They________killplants,andevenpeople. A．canB．can'tC．shouldD．shouldn't( )2.(2017·广东)Tokeepchildrensafe,we________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse. A．mayB．shouldC．canD．might( )3.(2016·广东)—Mum,________IvisittheModernArtMuseumnextMonday—I'mafraidyoucan't.Allthemuseumsinthiscityareclosedon Monday. A．wouldB．needC．shouldD．mayABD动词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，考查在语境中的辨析。常考动词归纳动词词义辨析A,Bagree同意；赞同，allow允许，avoid避免；防止，break打破；打碎，build建造C,Dchange改变，collect收集，compare比较；对比，connect(使)连接；与……有联系，consider考虑；认为，depend依靠；信赖，describe描写；描述E,Fencourage鼓励，

enjoy喜爱；享受，examine检查；检验，explain解释；说明，fill填满；填充，force强迫；迫使，forget忘记G,H，I,L，Mguess猜测；估计，guide指引；指导，help帮助，imagine想象；设想，lend借给；借出，lift举起；抬起；提起，live居住；生活，move移动O，P，Rorder点菜；命令，protect保护，pull拉；拽，push督促；推动；鞭策，realize理解；领会；认识到，refuse拒绝S,T,Wsearch搜索，see看，sell出售；销售；卖，spread拓展；蔓延；传播，tell讲述；告诉，thank感谢；谢谢，throw扔；掷，try尝试；设法；努力，warn警告，wash洗 Longlongago,therewerenodonkeysinanancientChineseplacenamedQian.Butsomepeoplealwayswantedto__1__things,soamanbroughtadonkeytoQianbyboat.However,hefoundthedonkeyuselessthere,sohesetitfreeinthehill. Soonafter,atigersawthestrangeanimal.Hehidbehindthetreesto__2__itcarefully.Suddenlyhe__3__themostterriblenoise,“Heehaw！Heehaw！”Hewassoafraidthatheranbacktohishouseandhid.( )1.A.makeB．changeC．inventD．create( )2.A.studyB．eatC．love D．get( )3.A.sawB．toldC．heardD．felt人文底蕴———“黔驴技穷”的故事BAC Afterawhilethetigerfeltgreatshame.“I'matiger!Ishouldnotbeafraidofanyanimal！”Sohewentback.Whenthedonkeysawthetigerbehindit,itbeganto____4__hardwithitsbacklegsandhurtthetigerbadly.Butthetiger____5__thenoisyanimalonlykickedbehind.Sothetigerjumpedonitfromthesideandatethedonkey.Thisstorytellswesometimesneedmorethanoneskillto__6__．( )4.A.trainB．pushC．pullD．kick( )5.A.forgotB．noticedC．imaginedD．remembered( )6.A.writeB．stopC．loseD．winDBD动词短语在完形填空和短文填空是必考的。具体内容见本书模块一。动词短语 Itwasasummerday.Anoldmanwastakingawalkdownahillcheerfully.Hewipedthesweat(擦汗)fromhisfaceandstarted__1__asong. Suddenly,heheardavoice，“Hello,sir.”Theoldman__2__，buthesawnoone.“I'mhere，”thevoicecamefrombesidehisfeet.Theoldman__3__andsawabeautifulflower.中考提分特训一、完形填空（2021·昆明） “Sir,wouldyoumindansweringaquestion？”____4__theflower.“Certainlynot,mychild.Whatdoyouwanttoknow？”saidtheoldman.Theflowerhesitated(犹豫)forasecondandsaid,“WhyareyousohappyYouarenotyoungandmaybeyoudon'thavemanydays____5__．”Theflowerwenton,“Mydayshave__6__andI'mgoingtowither(枯萎).Thatmakesmesosad.” Theoldmanlaughed,“Yes,Idon'thavemanydaysleft.ButsowhatWhy__7__suchalovelydayonsomethingthathasn'thappened？”Theflowerdidn'tquite__8__．Theoldmancontinued,“What'sgoneisgone.What'stocomeistocome.Youcan't__9__it.Butyoucandecidetoenjoythisverymomentthatyoutrulyhave.” Andhedidn't__10__theflowertorespond(回应).Hejustwalkedaway,continuingwiththehappysonghehadbeensinging.( )1.A.playing B．singing C．writing D．hearing( )2.A.turnedoff B．turnedaround C．turneddown D．turnedup( )3.A.lookedaround B．lookedback C．lookedup D．lookeddown( )4.A.repeatedB．replied C．asked D．shouted( )5.A.found B．left C．got D．paid( )6.A.returnedB．stood C．passed D．achieved( )7.A.enjoy B．rememberC．take D．waste( )8.A.imagineB．understandC．discover D．create( )9.A.keep B．record C．hold D．change( )10.A.waitforB．putaway C．dropby D．cutdownBBDCBCDBDA二、短文填空 TheBrownsandtheSmithsaregoodneighbors.Theyknoweachotherwell.Sometimesthey__1__dinnertogether. Yesterday,Mrs.Brown__2__theSmithstohavedinneragainbecauseitwasherbirthday.Intheafternoon,shecamehomefromworkearly.Onthewayhome,shewenttothemarketand__3__alotoffood.FirstsheboughtsomebeefbecauseMr.Brownliked__4__itverymuch.AndsheknewthatMr.SmithlikedchickenandMrs.Smith'sfavoritefoodwasfish.Sosheboughtsomechickenandfish.Shealsoboughtsomevegetablesandfruit.Shewantedto__5__everythingreadyforthedinner. WhenMr.Brown__6__backhome,Mrs.Brownwasbusycookinginthekitchen.“Happybirthday！”Mr.Brownsaidandbroughthersomeflowers.“Oh,thanks.Whatbeautifulflowers!__7__youpleaseputtheminthesittingroomI'mbusynow.” “OK，”saidMr.Brown.“AndIcanhelpyouputthecandlesonthebirthdaycake.” “Abirthdaycake？”Mrs.Brownsaid.“I__8__tobuyit.” “Itdoesn't__9__.Iwillbuyitnow.I'llbebackinafewminutes，”Mr.Brownsaidtoher. Justthen,thedoorbellrang.TheyweretheSmiths.Intheirhandsthere__10__abigbirthdaycake.1.________ 2.________ 3.________4.________ 5.________ 6.________

7.____________ 8.________ 9.________10.________have/eatinvitedboughteatinggetcameCould/Wouldforgotmatterwas一、完形填空 FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.AndI'mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachild,myfatheralwaysgotupveryearly.Hewasafraidtowakeothersup,sohe__1__putonhisclothesandwenttowork.Toarriveontimetoopenhistinystoreat8：30,heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6：30.Afterthat,hehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelast__2__wasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:itisveryimportanttowork.No__3__． WhenIwas12,Iwould,onsomeSaturdays,gotomyfather'sstoreto____4__．Afterhelpingdisplay(陈列)goods,fortherestoftheday,I'dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelooking____5__orstrange,Iwouldlookthepersonintheeye,smileandsay,“MayIhelpyou？”Usuallythat__6__，butsometimes,someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Atthefirsttime,Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted,“Martin,__7__！Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It'struethat__8__ismoreimportantthanmoney. After10yearsofhardwork,hesavedupenough__9__tobuyhisfirstcar,acheapone—hewouldn'tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforit.Ilearned:buyonlywhatyoucanafford.Buying__10__foodandclothingwon'tmakeusgointodebt(债务).Theunnecessarythingswon'tgiveushappiness,whichcomesfromachievementonly.( )1.A.loudly B．quietly C．easily D．suddenly( )2.A.vacation B．location C．direction D．journey( )3.A.excuse B．thought C．agreement D．situation( )4.A.sellout B．helpout C．workout D．setout( )5.A.unexpectedB．unusual C．unlucky D．unhappy( )6.A.got B．failed C．worked D．took( )7.A.leave B．go C．run D．stop( )8.A.safety B．silence C．happiness D．success( )9.A.time B．money