04选择性必修三Unit3Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展（解析板）

04选择性必修三Unit3Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展I.Unit3Unit4重点词汇及拓展1.meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化→meltingadj.融化的；熔化的2.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn.饥饿；挨饿；饿死3.habitableadj.适合居住的→habitatn.栖息地→habitantn.居民、居住者4.sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的5.prehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→prehensionn.理解；理解力6.trendn.趋势；趋向；动向→trendyadj.时髦的；赶时髦的7.frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的；经常的→frequencyn.频率8.restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制性的、约束性的9.reformvi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良→reformern.改革者；改良者10.moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中→moderatelyadv.适度；适量；适中11.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn.投降；提交；提交(或呈递)的文件；屈服12.sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensen.感觉；意识；理智vt.感觉到；意识到→sensibleadj.理智的，合理的→sensitivelyadv.敏感地；易受伤害地13.originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立→originatorn.创始人；首次提出者→originaladj.最初的，原创的n.原稿，原文14.restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复→restorationn.整修；修复；(规章制度等的)恢复15.disposaln.去掉；清除；处理→disposev.去掉；清除；处理16.endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力→endurev.忍耐；忍受17.qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualifyv.取得资格；使合格18.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasmn.热情；热忱19.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn.(分配的)任务20.envyn.&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.妒忌的→enviouslyadv.妒忌地，羡慕地21.belongingsn.[pl.]财物；动产→belongv.属于22.miserableadj.痛苦的；令人难受的→miseryn.痛苦；苦难；悲惨；不幸的事；穷困23.selfishadj.自私的→selfishnessn.自私→selflessadj.无私的→selflessnessn.无私24.perseverancen.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求25.resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→resolutionn.决议；解决；坚定26.crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残酷地，残暴地→crueltyn.残酷，残暴27.thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughlyadv.彻底地28.guidancen.指导；引导；导航→guidev.引导29.advertisingn.广告活动；广告业→advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisementn.广告；启事30.loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyaltyn.忠诚，忠实→loyallyadv.忠诚地；忠实地31.mitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献→mitv.(使)作出保证；投入→mittedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的32.motiven.动机；原因；目的→motivationn.动机II.Unit3Unit4重点短语和句型一、重点短语1.alongwith和……一起 2.referto指的是3.betrappedin被困在…… 4.takeaction采取行动5.takeresponsibilityfor为……负责任 6.resultin导致7.dozensof许多；很多 8.dieout灭绝9.setup建立 10.carryout执行11.insearchof寻找 12.inresponseto回应……13.beresponsiblefor为……负责 14.bringabout引起；导致15.haveaneffecton对……有影响 16.contributeto导致；促成17.endup最终…… 18.turnsbdown拒绝(某人)19.setoff出发 20.beestuckin困于……21.throwaway扔掉 22.toone’ssurprise让某人惊讶的是23.keep...up保持；继续；不使(斗志)低落 24.afterall毕竟；终究25.giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体) 26.aheadof在……前面27.cheer...up使……振作 28.underone’sguidance在某人的带领下29.fallinto陷入……二、重点句型1.句型公式：Thereisno/littledoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”教材原句：ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).翻译：毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。【分析点拨】(1)Thereisno/littledoubtthat...意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句。(2)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。(3)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。e.g.①Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.毫无疑问，我们应该对我们的绿色校园给予更多的思考。②Thereisno/littledoubtthateveryhighschoolstudentwishestogetagoodmarkintheNationalCollegeEntranceExamination.毫无疑问，每个高中生都希望在高考中取得好成绩。③Thereisno/littledoubtthattorealiseagoal,oneneedsnotonlyknowledgebutalsogoodpersonalities.毫无疑问，为了实现目标，一个人不仅需要知识，而且需要良好的个性。句型公式：notonly...butalso...“不仅……而且……”教材原句：Thereisstrongandprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.翻译：确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。【分析点拨】(1)notonly...butalso...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。(2)notonly...butalso...连接两个句子，且当notonly位于句首时，notonly后面的句子要用部分倒装。(3)notonly...butalso...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常与临近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。【名师点津】类似notonly...but(also)...连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则”来确定的结构还有：neither...nor...,either...or...,not...but...等。e.g.①Notonlyaretheynotpaid,butalsomostoftheirboringordifficultworkisunnoticed.她们不仅得不到报酬，而且所干的乏味艰辛的活儿也很少被留意。②Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheircoachlikesplayingfootball.不仅孩子们喜欢踢足球，他们的教练也喜欢。③Notonlydidtheytelluswhathadhappenedintheaccident,buttheyalsotolduswhattheyhaddone.他们不仅告诉我们事故中发生了什么，而且还告诉我们他们做了什么。3.句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语教材原句：Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.翻译：大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。【分析点拨】现在分词可以作时间、条件、原因、让步状语，注意要位于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开。还可以作结果、方式、伴随状语，注意要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。e.g.①Hefelloffthebike,hittinghisheadagainstabigstone.他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞在了一块大石头上。②Walkingslowlyacrossthegrass,hepointedthegunatthelionandfired.他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。③Oneday,whilewalkingalongthesandstowardshisboat,Crusoesawinthesandthemarkofaman’sfoot.有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。4.句型公式：with复合结构教材原句：Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandmercialwasteendingupintheriver.翻译：越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。【分析点拨】介词

with

后面可以跟复合宾语，即

with+宾语+宾语补足语，

其中宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、介词短语、名词、副词。宾语与宾语补语有逻辑主谓关系或动宾关系。with复合结构在句中常用作伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语，也可用作定语。e.g.①Ihadnochoicebuttokeepstillwithmyeyestightlyclosedandlisteningtotheknifemovingonthepumpkin.我别无选择，只好紧紧闭上眼睛，一动不动，静静地听着刀子在南瓜上移动。②Withexamsapproaching,it’sagoodideatoreviewyourclassnotes.随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。③Thebanyantreeisaninterestingtree

withmanyrootsgrowingdownfromitsbranches.榕树是一种有趣的树，它的树枝会往下长出许多根来。5.句型公式：itisbelievedthat...教材原句：Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstoe.翻译：有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。【分析点拨】Itissaidthat...据说Itissupposedthat...据推测Itisreportedthat...据报道Itisbelievedthat...据信Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明e.g.①ItisbelievedthatSantaClausesintothehousethroughthechimney.人们相信圣诞老人是从烟囱里进的屋。②It

is

believed

that

printing

was

first

invented

by

the

Chinese.一般相信印刷术最早是由中国人发明的。③It

is

reported

that

a

lot

of

people

lost

their

jobs

in

the

city

last

month.据报道，上个月这个城市的许多人都失业了。6.句型公式：so...that...“如此……以致”教材原句：ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.翻译：但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。【分析点拨】so…that引导表示结果的状语从句，句型中的“so+形容词（副词）”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。so…that复合句也可以用so…asto转换成简单句，但要注意的是：只有在主句的主语和从句的主语一致的情况下才能进行这种转换。e.g.①ItissogoodafilmthatIwanttoseeitasecondtime.这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。②IalwayswritesocarefullythatImakemymeaningclear.我写起，来总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得一清二楚。③Hewassounfortunatethathelostbothhisparentsinhischildhood.

他很不幸，在童年时失去了双亲。7.句型公式：as引导时间状语从句教材原句：EndurancebecamestuckintheiceasweapproachedAntarctica.翻译：在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍号”卡在了冰里。【分析点拨】(1)as用作连词，可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。(2)as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。e.g.①Weallcheeredastheteamcameontothefield.球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。②Cleverassheis,sheworksveryhard.尽管她很聪明，但是她很努力。③Theabsenceofairalsoexplainswhythestarsdonotseemtotwinkleinspaceastheydofromtheearth.空气的缺乏也解释了为什么星星在太空中看起来不像在地球上那样闪烁。8.句型公式：完全倒装句式教材原句：BelowaresomeofBlackborow’sdiaryentries.翻译：以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。【分析点拨】(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词或介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。(2)表示处所、方位等的副词如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,off等或介词短语放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语是be,lie,sit,stand,e,go,exist,live,rush等动词时，句子用完全倒装。(3)therebe句型也属于一种完全倒装。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live,exist,lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,e,go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。【名师点津】完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。e.g.①PresentatthepartywereMrGreenandmanyotherguests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。②Presentattheconferencewerethosewhohadmadegreatcontributionstotheproject.出席会议的是那些对此项工程作出巨大贡献的人。③Crowdedwasthebus,inthefrontofwhichweresittingquiteafewchildren.公共汽车挤满了人，前面坐着一些孩子。句型公式：too...to...“太……而不能……”教材原句：Soonafterwearrived,ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland,1,320kilometresaway—thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.翻译：在我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对我们所有人来说都太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。【分析点拨】(1)too＋形容词/副词(forsb)＋todosth表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词时，如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等，不定式表示肯定意义。(3)can’t/cannever...too...意为“再怎么……也不过分”。e.g.①It’stoolatetodoanythingaboutitnow.现在做任何补救措施都为时太晚。②Thesentenceistoodifficultformetotranslate.这个句子太难，我不会翻译。③I

shut

out

the

memory

which

was

too

painful

to

dwell

on.

我不再去回忆那些痛苦不堪的往事了。10.keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语教材原句：Ourdisciplineandteamspiritkeptusoptimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway.翻译：纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。【分析点拨】在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构中，可以用作宾语补足语的常见形式有：现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。e.g.①Shekepthimthinkingforaweekbeforemakinghisdecision.她让他思考了一个星期再作出决定。②Itcanpreventusfromgettingshortsightedanditcankeepusphysicallyhealthy.它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。③Foranother,spendingtoomuchtimeonentertainmentwillonlykeepusawayfromourstudies.另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。III.知识点精讲：考点精析1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.(教材P26)一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死的。★情境探究e.g.①Sometimespeoplearestarvingformorethanfood.Sometimestheyarestarvingforlove.有时人们渴望的不仅仅是食物。有时他们也渴望关爱。②YoueitherstarvetodeathorlivelikeRobinsonCrusoe,waitingforaboatwhichneveres.你要么饿死，要么像鲁滨逊·克鲁索那样活着，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。③The

cheap

foods

that

make

adults

fat

starve

children

of

absolutely

essential

nutrients.

让成人肥胖的廉价食品使儿童缺乏不可或缺的营养★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)starvefor渴望……；极需要……；急需…… starvetodeath饿死starvetodosth渴望做某事(2)starvationn.饥饿；饿死；挨饿★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hestarvedtosee(see)heronceagain.②Millionsofpeoplewillfacestarvation(starve)nextyearasaresultofthedrought.【完成句子】③Theystarvefortheexperienceofpracticalwork.他们迫切需要实际工作的经验。2.releasevt.&n.排放；释放；发布Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.(教材P27)热量以更长的波长释放回太空。★情境探究e.g.①ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.新软件计划在四月份发布。②She

gaveher

reactionto

his

release

at

a

press

conference.

她在一次新闻发布会上就他的释放做出了回应。③The

ability

of

coal

to

release

abustible

gas

haslongbeen

known.

煤能够释放易燃气体这一点早已为人所知。★要点突破【归纳拓展】release...from...把……从……中释放出来★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Thefactorykeepsreleasing(release)smoke,makingtheairdirty.②Thekindgirldecidedtoreleasethebirdfromthecage.【同义句转换】③I’meagertobuytheCDwhichwasreleasedlastmonth.→I’meagertobuytheCDreleasedlastmonth.(用非谓语动词改写)sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.(教材P27)没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。★情境探究e.g.①Therichandfertilecountrycouldeasilysustainitself.这个丰饶的国家足以自给自足。②Someofthose

small

mammals

helpto

sustain

such

big

birds

asgoldeneagles.

其中的一些小型哺乳动物有助于维持金鹰等大型鸟类的生存。③There’s

a

sufficiency

ofdramain

these

lives

to

sustain

your

interest.

这些人的生活充满戏剧性，使人不断产生兴趣。★要点突破【归纳拓展】sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Today,sustainable(sustain)developmentisapopulartrendinmanycountries.②Theyfounditdifficulttosustain(sustain)aninterestintheirtalk.【完成句子】③Becareful!Theiceisnotthickenoughtosustainyourweight.小心！这冰不够厚，难以承受你的体重。4.restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestyleproduce.(教材P27)我们作为个体也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。★情境探究e.g.①Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.有了小孩往往会限制你的自由。②Trustees

had

decided

to

restrict

university

entrytoabout30percent

of

applicants.

董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30％左右。③I

didnotwantto

wound

him,

but

to

restrict

myself

to

defence,to

parry

his

attacks.

我不想伤害他，只是想自我防卫，挡开他的攻击。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)restrict...to...把……限制在……(2)restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束(3)restrictedadj.有限的；受限制的；不对公众开放的restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictions(restrict)onpressfreedom.②Theywillholdameetingtodiscusstherestrictive(restrict)laws.【完成句子】③Herestrictshimselftoonecupofcoffeeaday.他限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。5.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,...(教材P27)我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每一个人关于全球变暖及其原因和影响，★情境探究e.g.①Thesedone,oneofthemisseizedwiththemadambitionofcarvinghisnamehigherthanthehighestthere!做完这些后，他们中有一个人爆发了近乎疯狂的野心，他想将自己的名字刻在最高处！②YoushouldseizeeveryopportunitytopractiseEnglish.你应抓住一切机会来练习英语。③Black

Americans

will

undoubtedly

seize

the

chance

to

focus

resourcesandattentionon

their

problems.

毋庸置疑，美国黑人必将抓住这个机会，集中精力，集思广益来解决他们自身的问题。★要点突破【归纳拓展】seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会/机遇seizesbbythe＋身体部位抓住某人的……beseizedwith被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响【名师点津】seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，也可用“seizesbbythe＋身体部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Althoughhehadreadthepassageoverandoveragain,hedidn’tseizeitsgeneralidea.v.理解；领会②Beforethethiefcouldrunaway,thebravegirlseizedhimbythecollar.【完成句子】③Seizethechance,oryouwillregretit.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。6.endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力PerceBlackborowjoinedanexpeditionwithSirErnestShackletontoAntarcticaontheshipEndurancein1914.(教材P38)1914年，佩尔塞•布莱克博罗(PerceBlackborow)与欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起乘坐“耐力号”(Endurance)探险船前往南极洲。★情境探究e.g.①Thepainfromhisfeetwasbeyondendurance.他脚上的疼痛难以忍受。②Theexercise

obviously

will

improve

strength

and

endurance.

这项练习将明显增强力量和耐力。③Humanbeings

are

immortal

because

he

has

a

soul,a

spirit

of

passion,

sacrifice,

and

endurance.

人类是不朽的，因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)beyondendurance忍无可忍(2)endurev.忍耐；忍受 enduredoing/todosth忍受做某事(3)endurableadj.可以忍受的；耐用的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Thiseventtestsbothphysicalandmentalendurance(endure).②Hecan’tendurebeingdefeated/tobedefeated(defeat)byhispartner.【同义句转换】③Hedecidedtohelpthosechildrenwhowereenduringthepoorlivingconditions.→Hedecidedtohelpthosechildrenenduringthepoorlivingconditions.(用非谓语动词改写)7.turnsbdown拒绝某人However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandIwasn’tqualified.(教材P38)然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。★情境探究e.g.①Ithankedhimfortheofferbutturnedhimdown.我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。②Has

he

givenup

approaching

you

because

you

constantly

turn

him

down?

他放弃走近你是因为你总是拒绝他吗？③Sorry

to

turn

you

down,

but

I

thinkit’s

best

thatI

am

beinghonest.

抱歉我不能接受你的邀请，但是我觉得诚实的告诉你我的想法是最重要的。★要点突破【归纳拓展】turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于turnin上交turnon打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turnoff关上(水、煤气、电灯等)turnout结果是；证明是turnup开大；出现；露面turndown关小★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hepromisedtoetoday,buthehasn’tturnedupyet.②Hurryup,boysandgirls!I’mwaitingforyoutoturninyourhomework.【完成句子】③Thepartyturnedouttobeverysuccessful.晚会结果开得很成功。8.qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandIwasn’tqualified.(教材P38)然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。★情境探究e.g.①Youshouldn’thaveturneddownthatmanwhowasqualifiedforthejob.你本不该拒绝那个有资格做这个工作的人。②SinceIhaveworkedasavolunteerindifferentactivities,IbelievethatIamqualifiedtofillthepositionyouadvertisedfor.因为我担任过不同活动的志愿者，所以我相信我能胜任您所招聘的职位。③Poor

working

conditions

have

ledto

a

steady

haemorrhage

of

qualified

teachers

fromourschools.

工作条件欠佳导致各校大量合格教师不断流失。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)bequalifiedforsth有资格获得某物bequalifiedtodosth有资格做某事(2)qualifyv.(使)具备资格；(使)合格qualifysbtodosth使某人有资格做某事(3)qualificationn.资格；资历havethequalificationstodosth有资格做某事★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Inmyopinion,theclevermanisqualified(qualify)toacceptthejob.②Thetestwillqualifyyoutodrive(drive)thenewcar.③Theyounggirlhasthequalifications(qualify)toteachEnglish.【同义句转换】④Heislookingforapersonwhoisqualifiedtodothejob.→Heislookingforapersonqualifiedtodothejob.(用形容词短语改写)9.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.(教材P38)但是我对于和他们一起去的想法是如此的热情，以至于我偷偷地登上了他的船，“忍耐号”，藏在一个小橱柜里。★情境探究e.g.①Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyhecreated,andhe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.摩尔对自己创造的糖果充满热情，也对未来的前景持乐观态度。②Camping

is

a

great

way

tomeet

the

locals

as

the

Portuguese

themselves

are

enthusiastic

campers.

野营是与当地居民接触的好途径，因为葡萄牙人本身就是热情的露营者。③Thefailure

was

a

big

blow

to

him,

but

he

wasn't

discouraged

and

soon

gotas

enthusiastic

asever.

这次失败对他是一个巨大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又恢复了热情。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)beenthusiasticabout对……充满热情(2)enthusiasmn.热情；热心★学以致用【单句语法填空】①You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasm(enthusiastic)forthejob.【完成句子】②Thereportsaidvisitorsweremoreenthusiasticabouttravellingbycar.报告说，游客对自驾旅游更有热情。10.assignvt.分派；布置；分配Heassignedmetobeasteward,andInowservemealsfortwentyeightmen,threetimesaday.(教材P38)他指派我做管家，我现在为二十八个人提供膳食，一天三次。★情境探究e.g.①Occasionally,Iwouldreadanovelthatwasassignedtome,butIdidn’tenjoythistypeofreading.偶尔，我会读一本指定的小说，但是我并不喜欢这种阅读类型。②Weassign

different

questions

to

everyone,

andthen

everyone

is

responsiblefor

writingtheassignedquestions.我们将不同的问题分配给每个人，然后每人负责写分配到的问题。③When

teachers

assign

homework,

students

usually

feel

an

obligation

todo

it.

老师布置家庭作业时，学生们通常感觉做作业是一种义务。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)assign...to...把……分配给……；把……指定到……(2)assignmentn.(分配的)工作；任务★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.②Youneedtopletethreewrittenassignments(assign)eachweek.【同义句转换】③Hewasnotsatisfiedwiththecarwhichwasassignedtohim.→Hewasnotsatisfiedwiththecarassignedtohim.(用非谓语动词改写)11.envyn.&vt.羡慕；妒忌HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!(教材P38)当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会多么羡慕我啊！★情境探究e.g.①Thedevelopmentofourcountrythisyearistheenvyoftheworld.我们国家今年的发展令全世界羡慕。②Ienvyyouhavingsuchaclosefamily.我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。③Gradually

he

beganto

acknowledge

his

feelings

of

envy

towards

his

mother.

渐渐地他开始承认自己对母亲的羡慕。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)betheenvyofsb是令某人羡慕/妒忌的事物/对象(2)envysb(doing)sth羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事(3)enviousadj.羡慕的；妒忌的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Inthepastmanypeopleenviedhimhaving(have)sobigahousetogetherwithahappylife.②Sheisalwaysenvious(envy)ofIndians’bigeyes.【完成句子】③Herlonghairistheenvyofhercolleagues.她的长发令同事好生羡慕。12.abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n.放任；放纵Beforeweabandonedtheship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsuppliesthesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothesandblankets.(教材P38)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集到一起，告诉我们要抢救我们最基本的物资—小船、食物、炉灶、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。★情境探究e.g.①ThefatheristryinghisbesttopreventhissonfromabandoninghimselftotheInternet.这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。②Thestorm

got

worse

and

worse.Finally,

I

wasobligedto

abandon

the

car

and

continueon

foot.

暴风雨越来越猛烈。最终，我被迫弃车徒步前行。③She

felt

she

was

needed

and

decided

to

abandon

her

plan

of

studyingabroad.

她感觉自己被需要了，决定放弃出国留学的计划。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)abandononeselfto...沉溺于……；纵情于……abandondoingsth放弃做某事(2)withabandon放纵地；放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的beabandonedto(doing)sth沉溺于……；陷入……★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theyabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheplanforlackofmoney.②Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned(abandon).③Hesignedchequeswithcarelessabandon.【同义句转换】④Asheabandonedhimselftodrinking,hegotlaidoff.→Abandoninghimselftodrinking,hegotlaidoff.(用现在分词短语改写)→Abandonedtodrinking,hegotlaidoff.(用过去分词短语改写)13.belongingsn.[pl.]财物；动产Wewerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonalbelongings,andShackletonhimselfthrewawayallhisgold.(教材P38)我们不允许带走大部分的个人物品，沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有的金子。★情境探究e.g.①Lookafteryourpersonalbelongingswhilewaitingforthebus.等公共汽车时照看好你的个人财物。②I

followed

the

hospital’s

advice

andI’veonly

brought

afew

belongings

withme.

我听从了医院的建议，只带了几件随身物品。③Please

makesure

youhave

all

your

belongings

withyouwhenleavingthe

plane.

请确保在下飞机前带好所有的随身物品。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)belongingn.归属(2)belongv.属于belongto属于……；是……的成员(不用于进行时和被动语态)★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Whenhejoinedtheclub,hefeltasenseofbelonging(belong).②Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandhers.【同义句转换】③I’dliketohavealookatthetoyswhichbelongtoyou.→I’dliketohavealookatthetoysbelongingtoyou.(用非谓语动词短语改写)14.keepup保持；继续；不使(斗志)低落Husseyoftenplaysittokeepourspiritsup.(教材P38)Hussey经常演奏它来鼓舞我们的士气。★情境探究e.g.①Keepitupandyouwillsucceedintime.保持下去，最终你会成功的。②In

face

of

failure,it

is

themost

important

to

keep

up

agood

state

of

mind.

面对失败，最重要的是保持良好的心态。③Foryears

he

managedto

keep

up

the

fictionthat

hewasnot

married.

多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。★要点突破【归纳拓展】keepupwith跟上；与……保持同步keepawayfrom避免接近；远离keepoff避开★学以致用【单句语法填空】①I’mtryingtokeepofffattyfoods.②Whenthemachineisinoperation,keepawayfromit.(2)完成句子③Hedesiredtokeepupwithhisclassmates,buthewastooweak.他渴望追上他的同学们，但是他太虚弱了。IV、练习提升(I)阅读理解ANuclearpollutionhaslongbeenaglobalconcern,withmajoraccidentslikethoseatThreeMileIsland,Chernobyl,andFukushimahighlightingtheserioushealthandenvironmentalrisksassociatedwithnucleardisasters.Theseincidentsnotonlycausedimmediatehealthissuessuchasradiationsicknessandincreasedcancerratesbutalsoledtolongtermenvironmentaldamageandgeneticmutationsinaffectedpopulations.Consequently,nuclearpollutionremainsasignificantworryforgovernments,academics,andsocietyworldwide.Whennuclearaccidentsoccurnearcoastlines,themarineenvironmentbeesakeypointduetothevitalroleoceansplayinclimateregulation,foodsecurity,andsupportingbillionsoflivelihoodsglobally.Inrecentyears,escalatingthreatstomarineecosystemsfrommountingoceanpollutionhavespurredincreasedpublicawarenessofmarineenvironmentalprotection.Studieshaveshownthathumanactivitiesposeasignificantthreattomarineenvironments,emphasizingtheneedforimprovedenvironmentalgovernanceandmeasurestoaddressenvironmentalrisks.FollowingtheFukushimanucleardisasterin2011,effortstocoolthereactorsbyinjectingseawaterledtotheaccumulationofavastamountofnuclearwastewithintheFukushimaNuclearPowerPlant’swaterstoragetower.Despiteattemptstomanagethiswaste,theJapanesegovernment’sdecisiontodischargenearly1.26milliontonsofnuclearwastewaterintothePacificOceanoverthenext40yearshasfacedoppositionfromneighboringcountries,Japaneseresidents,andinternationalenvironmentalorganizations.Thisdischargeposessubstantialriskstomarinelife,fisheries,andhumanhealth.Radioactiveisotopes(放射性同位素)suchastritium,carbon14,cobalt60,andstrontium90presentinthewastewatercanaccumulateinmarineorganisms,ultimatelyaffectinghumanpopulationsthroughthefoodchain.Therefore,furtherresearchandmitigationmeasurestoaddressthewiderangingconsequencesofnuclearpollutionontheenvironmentandhumanhealthareurgentlyneeded.Inconclusion,whilenuclearpowermayofferbenefits,thepotentialrisks,ashighlightedbyincidentslikeFukushima,underscoretheimportanceofstringentsafetymeasuresandthoroughconsiderationofenvironmentalimpacts.1.Whatarethreemajornuclearaccidentsmentionedinthepassage?A.Fukushima,Hiroshima,Nagasaki. B.Chernobyl,Fukushima,Hiroshima.C.ThreeMileIsland,Chernobyl,Fukushima. D.ThreeMileIsland,Chernobyl,Nagasaki.2.Whyisthemarineenvironmentavitalpointinthecontextofnuclearaccidents?A.Becausemarinelifeisdirectlyaffectedbynuclearpollution.B.Becausemarineenvironmentsaremorevulnerabletoradiation.C.Becausemarinepollutionexacerbatestheimpactofnucleardisasters.D.Becauseoceansplayasignificantroleinregulatingclimateandsupportinglivelihoods.3.WhatisthelikelyreasonfortheoppositiontodischargingnuclearwastewaterintothePacificOcean?A.Concernsaboutpotentialeconomicbenefits. B.Fearofincreasedfishingrestrictions.C.Possibleriskstomarinelifeandhumanhealth. D.Lackofavailabletechnologyforwastewatertreatment.4.Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A.Thepotentialriskstomarinelifeandhumanhealth.B.Thepresentresearchandmitigationmeasures.C.Theenvironmentalandsocialconsequencesofnuclearaccidents.D.Theoppositionfromneighboringcountriesandenvironmentalorganizations.【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.A【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国国家铁路集团近期实施的中欧班列新时刻表，解释了其目的、特点以及对国际贸易的影响。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Nuclearpollutionhaslongbeenaglobalconcern,withmajoraccidentslikethoseatThreeMileIsland,Chernobyl,andFukushimahighlightingtheserioushealthandenvironmentalrisksassociatedwithnucleardisasters.(核污染长期以来一直是全球关注的问题，三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛等重大事故凸显了与核灾难相关的严重健康和环境风险。)”可知，文章直接列举了三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛三次重大核事故。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Whennuclearaccidentsoccurnearcoastlines,themarineenvironmentbeesakeypointduetothevitalroleoceansplayinclimateregulation,foodsecurity,andsupportingbillionsoflivelihoodsglobally.(当核事故发生在海岸线附近时，由于海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。)”可知，海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中：“hisdischargeposessubstantialriskstomarinelife,fisheries,andhumanhealth.

Radioactiveisotopes(放射性同位素)suchastritium,carbon14,cobalt60,andstrontium90presentinthewastewatercanaccumulateinmarineorganisms,ultimatelyaffectinghumanpopulationsthroughthefoodchain.(这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳14、钴60和锶90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。)”可知，反对将核废水排入太平洋的主要原因是担心这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thisdischargeposessubstantialriskstomarinelife,fisheries,andhumanhealth.Radioactiveisotopes(放射性同位素)suchastritium,carbon14,cobalt60,andstrontium90presentinthewastewatercanaccumulateinmarineorganisms,ultimatelyaffectinghumanpopulationsthroughthefoodchain.Therefore,furtherresearchandmitigationmeasurestoaddressthewiderangingconsequencesofnuclearpollutionontheenvironmentandhumanhealthareurgentlyneeded(这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳14、钴60和锶90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。因此，迫切需要进一步研究和采取缓解措施，以解决核污染对环境和人类健康造成的广泛后果。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了将核废水排入海洋可能对海洋生物和人类健康造成的潜在风险。故选A。BMoreexcitedthanever,BenjaminGiroux,a10yearoldboywithautism(自闭症),camehomefromschoolonApril7.TocelebrateNationalPoetryMonth,hisfifthgradeteacheraskedherstudentstowriteapoemaboutthemselvesandeverysentenceshould