高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)阅读理解　文体分类练6　议论文

高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024文体分类练(六)议论文Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023山东聊城一模)AnimportantlifelessonthatI’vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Ithasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphor(隐喻)forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathontocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademeembarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Passage1Passage2Passage3Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.FindingarhythmisnotaboutefficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrongrunner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.Passage1Passage2Passage3Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks(基准)tobemet.Weoftenmakewhatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.It’sacomparisontrap.Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。Passage1Passage2Passage31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.√解析

主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。Passage1Passage2Passage32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.√解析

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But

expectations

also

extend

to

other

areas

of

life,including

what

people

at

certain

life

stages

should

be

doing

or

not

doing.Expectations

at

my

age

can

center

on

how

leisure

time

is

spent,decisions

about

employment,and

even

the

role

of

a

grandmother.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。Passage1Passage2Passage33.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbadoccupations.C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoungpeoplestronger.√解析

推理判断题。根据第五段“I

used

to

think

it

was

young

people

who

bore

peer

pressure,but

it’s

easy

to

view

retirement

as

another

occupation

with

benchmarks

to

be

met.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。Passage1Passage2Passage34.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?A.Retirementcan’tstopoldpeople’sdreams.B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.√解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forget

what

others

are

doing.Their

pace

is

not

necessarily

the

pace

you

should

run

at.Run

in

your

own

way.It’s

not

better

or

worse—only

different.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023河北保定一模)Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.Passage1Passage2Passage3Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).Forthegeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determineone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Passage1Passage2Passage3Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Passage1Passage2Passage3Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofaperson.Passage1Passage2Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。Passage1Passage2Passage35.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.√解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature

provides

the

starting

point

for

an

organism

that

will

interact

with

nurture,the

environment,during

the

organism’s

life.Nature

does

not

just

affect

an

organism

during

its

lifetime,but

it

also

can

directly

affect

the

expression

of

genes

in

offspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。Passage1Passage2Passage36.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.√解析

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture

refers

to

the

conditions

under

which

living

things

grow

and

develop

after

birth.When

applied

to

human

beings,it

means

how

the

person

is

raised,which

includes

nutrition,education,care,as

well

as

the

kind

of

surroundings,such

as

cultural

influence,family

and

friends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。Passage1Passage2Passage37.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Bycitingresearchdata.√Passage1Passage2Passage3解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While

nurture

undeniably

plays

its

part

on

the

growth

and

development

of

one’s

personality,nature

dramatically

outweighs

nurture,for

nature

can

be

likened

to

a

foundation.The

impact

of

nurture

on

the

development

of

persons

cannot

be

totally

denied.However,nature

is

regarded

as

being

of

most

importance

because

of

the

fact

that

it

affords

an

opportunity

and

creates

a

foundation

and

the

basis

for

the

question

of

nurture

to

arise

at

the

very

first

instance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。Passage1Passage2Passage38.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurtureB.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoCanTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre?D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?√解析

主旨大意题。根据第一段“The

two

terms

nature

and

nurture

have

been

subjects

of

comparison

since

the

16th

century.The

argument

is

centered

on

the

question

as

to

whether

it

is

nature

or

nurture

that

makes

us

who

we

are.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,Which

Is

More

Important,Nature

or

Nurture?适合作文章最佳标题。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023福建漳州三模)Thismonth,theInternetwasfloodedwithwonderfuldigitalartportraits,thankstotheworkofthelatestartificialintelligence-assistedapplicationtogoviral:Lensa.UsersuploadedtheirphotographstotheAppandthen—forasmallfee—itusedAItotransformtheirprofilepicturesinto,say,amagicalwarriorprincessversionofthemselves,innotimeatall.ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.Passage1Passage2Passage3SomeartistspredictedthatacomputerwouldrecreatetheauraofamasterpiecebyLeonardodaVinciinthenearfuture.AslongasthereareenoughdatafortheAItotrainitself,itcancopynumerousmasterpiecesjustinseveralminutes.Itseemsunavoidablethatalargenumberofartistswouldlosetheirjobs.“Iseeitlessasathreatandmoreofanopportunity,”theUK-basedillustratorMichelleThompsonsaid,adding,“Likeeverythingelse,therewillalwaysbeartistswhocanusethetoolsbetter.”Passage1Passage2Passage3Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,ontheotherhand,hasnolimit.ForDryhurst,anartistfromGermany,AImodels“couldattempttomakeapaleversionofsomethingwedidyearsago”,butthat“doesn’taccountforwhatwemightdonext”.Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.AndasAIbecomesmoreuniversal,artists,illustratorsanddesignerswillultimatelybesetapartnotbyif,butbyhow,theyusethetechnology.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。Passage1Passage2Passage39.WhydoestheauthormentionLensainparagraph1?A.TorecommendthenewApp.B.Toinformlatestnews.C.ToleadintheAItopic.D.Tointroduceitsnewfunction.√解析

推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“This

year

has

seen

a

breakthrough

for

AI-driven

image

generators,which

are

now

better

than

ever

in

quality,speed

and

affordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。Passage1Passage2Passage310.WhatisMichelleThompson’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Concerned. B.Favorable.C.Unclear. D.Critical.√解析

推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,Michelle

Thompson认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。Passage1Passage2Passage311.WhatmightbeaweaknessofAIincreatingartworks?A.Accuracy. B.Diversity.C.Creativity. D.Efficiency.√解析

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These

tools

are

only

as

good

as

the

data

sets

they

are

trained

on.Human

imagination,on

the

other

hand,has

no

limit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。Passage1Passage2