高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)阅读理解　文体分类练5　说明文之生态环保类

高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024文体分类练(五)说明文之生态环保类Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023河北邯郸一模)BeeprotectionisabigissuethesedaysinAmerica,withpeopleplantingnativepollinatorgardens,settingupbeehouses,andtakingpartinscientificactivitiestomonitorlocalbeepopulations.Andthisisforgoodreason—inNorthAmerica,aquarterofnativebeespeciesareatriskofextinction.Beespollinate35percentofourglobalfoodsupplyandmanyofthewildplantsourecosystemsdependon.Passage1Passage2Passage3NoMowMay,amovementthatbeganintheUK,isnowrapidlyspreadingthroughouttheUS.Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.Thislets“lawnflowers”suchasdandelionsgrowatatimewhenbeefoodisrare.Dandelions,despitebeingprettyanduseful,arenon-native.Thenwhydowepromoteamovementthatencouragestheirgrowth?Here’sthebasicanswer—don’tlet“perfect”betheenemyof“good”.Sure,it’dbegreattoturnyourentireneighborhoodintoabeekingdomofnativeplants,butthatcantakelotsoftimeandmoney.Passage1Passage2Passage3WhiledandelionshavebecometheposterchildforNoMowMay,otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn.“Besidesdandelions,therearemanyotherplantsthataregoingtobethere,”saysDr.ClaudioGrattonattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison.

InMassachusetts,scientistsfound63speciesofplantsinlawns,30percentofwhichwerenativetothestate.MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.“NoMowMayforcesustothinkaboutourrelationshipwithnature.Weshouldreflectonthewaywehavemadenaturesuitourneeds,andrealizeflowersplayreallyimportantroles,”saysDr.ClaudioGratton.Passage1Passage2Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“No

Mow

May”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。Passage1Passage2Passage31.WhatisthebackgroundtoNoMowMayintheUS?A.Nativebeespeciesareincreasing.B.Thereisatendencytoprotectbees.C.Beesmainlydependongardenplants.D.Morepeoplehavenotimetocutlawns.√解析

细节理解题。根据第一段可知,No

Mow

May在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。Passage1Passage2Passage32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNoMowMay?A.Itneedsalmostnocost.B.FewAmericanssupportit.C.Itisaimedatgrowingdandelions.D.Itappealsforcarefulattentiontothelawns.√解析

推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。

Passage1Passage2Passage33.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“posterchild”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Slightelement. B.Rareexception.C.Typicalexample. D.Difficultproblem.√解析

词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“other

plants—including

native

species—may

also

appear

in

your

lawn”可知,蒲公英是“No

Mow

May”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“No

Mow

May”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。

Passage1Passage2Passage34.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithAmericanlawnculture?A.Abee-friendlylawn.B.Aregularlycutlawn.C.Alawngrowingnaturally.D.Alawnwithnativeflowers.√解析

推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its

popularity

lies

in

its

being

simple:Just

give

bees

a

help

during

the

crucial

springtime

by

removing

a

chore

from

your

list

and

letting

your

lawn

grow

for

the

month

of

May.”及最后一段中“Most

of

the

Americans

probably

loved

dandelions

as

children

but

have

tended

to

hate

them

as

adults

because

of

American

lawn

culture,which

allows

no

flowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023安徽安庆二模)Interactivesoftwarethat“reads”andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinos(犀牛)canbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers(偷猎者),accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.Passage1Passage2Passage3“Ifyoufindamatch,youcanidentifytheindividualanimalwholeftthemarkand,byplottingthelocationsofalltheotherplaceswheremarkshavebeenseen,trackitsmovementswithoutdisturbingitorcomingintocloseenoughcontactwithit,”saidZoeJewell,aprofessoratDukeUniversity’sNicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,whoco-ledthestudyandisco-creatorofFIT.“It’sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturies-oldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,”shesaid.JewellandhercolleaguesarenowworkingwithNamibia’sMinistryofEnvironment,ForestryandTourismtotrainwildlifeconservationists,landmanagersandlocalguideshowtouseFIT.Passage1Passage2Passage3Namibiaishometoanestimated2,000blackrhinos,orabout90%ofthespecies’totalpopulationworldwide.Thoughlegallyownedbythegovernment,theanimalsaredistributedgeographicallyonprivatelandsacrossthecountry.TheFITsoftwarecanalsodoasurveyoffootprintsthroughouttheprotectedareaandtakemeasurementsfromeachfootprinttoestimatethenumberofrhinosinthatarea.Thiscanbeusefulinformationforcalculationresourceneedstomonitortheanimalseffectively.Thiscreatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.Passage1Passage2Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。Passage1Passage2Passage35.Whatisthepurposeofthesoftware?A.Topromotethedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Toprotectblackrhinosfrombeinghunted.C.Toanalyzethefootprintsofillegalpoachers.D.Tosaveendangeredspeciesacrosstheworld.√Passage1Passage2Passage3解析

细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactive

software

that‘reads’and

analyses

footprints

left

by

black

rhinos

can

be

used

to

monitor

the

movements

of

the

animals

in

the

wild,giving

conservationists

a

new

way

to

keep

watch

on

the

endangered

species

and

help

keep

it

safe

from

poachers,according

to

a

Duke

University-led

study.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。Passage1Passage2Passage36.What’stheadvantageofthesoftware?A.Itownsvariousfunctions.B.Itgoestothemarket.C.Itisperfectlypractical.D.Itismorethanpopular.√Passage1Passage2Passage3解析

细节理解题。根据第二段“The

software,called

the

Footprint

Identification

Technique

(FIT),uses

advanced

technology

to

analyze

more

than

100

measurements

of

a

rhino’s

footprint.Because

each

rhino’s

footprint

is

as

special

as

a

human

fingerprint,the

analyzed

images

can

be

collected

electronically

in

a

global

database

of

previously

collected

footprint

images

for

matching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。Passage1Passage2Passage37.WhatdoesZoeJewellsayabouttheapproach?A.Itbringsthebestadvantageforthelowestcost.B.Ithelpsincreasethepopulationofblackrhinos.C.Itraisespeople’sawarenessoftheenvironment.D.Itstrengthensthetiebetweenhumansandnature.√解析

推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’s

a

cost-effective

approach

that

not

only

protects

the

health

of

the

rhino

and

the

human,but

also

brings

a

centuries-old

tracking

skill

into

the

21st

Century,’she

said.”可知,Zoe

Jewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。Passage1Passage2Passage38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofrhinos?A.Optimistic. B.Hopeless.C.Worrying. D.Uncertain.√解析

推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT

软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023广东广州一模)Beavers(海狸),likehumans,changetheirsurroundingstofittheirneeds.Knownasnature’sengineers,theyteartreesdowntobuildhomestoliveinanddamtoraisewaterlevelsforprotectionfromenemies.Damsalsoslowwater’sflowwhileblockingsediment(沉积物)thatwouldotherwiseflowdownstream.Theresultingwetlandsoftenattractwildlifediversitywherenonehadexisted.Therearechallenges,though.Beaverdamssometimescauseflooding,andmostpeopleprefertreesaliveandupright.Passage1Passage2Passage3Communitiesfaceadelicatebalancingact,learningtocoexistwithbeavers.Lastwinter,manypeopleenjoyingWinstonPathbecamebeaverfansasonefurryfamilytransformedSwallowPondintoanoasisforbirds,frogs,turtlesanddeer.Yetsuchactivitycausedconcern.Asbeaversworked,theyraisedwaterlevelsaboutfivefeet.Theincreaseddepthallowsbeaverstosurviveunderwaterifthepondicesover.ButcountyofficialswereconcernedabouthowhigherwaterwouldaffectthesoilbanksupportingWinstonPath.Passage1Passage2Passage3Tofindagoodbalancebetweenprotectingthepathandthebeavers,thecountyintroduceda“beaverbaffle”—apondleveler.Beaversoftenrushtofillholesintheirdams.Bafflesstabilizewaterlevelsbycreatingahiddenexitforhighwatertoescapethroughthedam,unnoticedbythebeavers.

Peoplelovethebeaversbuttheyalsolovethematuretrees.Recently,CatherineJones,18,organizedatree-cagingevent—puttingwireclotharoundlargetreetrunkstodiscouragebeaversfrombitingthem.Italsoprotectspeoplefrominjuryduetorandomtreesfalling.“Wecoverthetreeswedon’twantthemtoeat,whileplantingperiodicallyotherstheylike,”saidJones.“WeneedtolearntogiveupalittleofourwantstosharetheEarth’sresources.”Passage1Passage2Passage3SwallowPond’s2023projectwouldrestoreproperwaterdepthandimprovewildlifehabitatwithoutcreatingproblemsforthepath.Thebalancingactcontinues.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两种影响,以及人们为人与海狸和谐共存所做的努力。Passage1Passage2Passage39.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Wherebeavers’favoritesurroundingsare.B.Whateffectsbeavershaveontheirhabitat.C.Whybeaversarecallednature’sengineers.D.Howbeavershelpattractwildlifediversity.√Passage1Passage2Passage3解析

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Beavers,like

humans,change

their

surroundings

to

fit

their

needs.Known

as

nature’s

engineers,they

tear

trees

down

to

build

homes

to

live

in

and

dam

to

raise

water

levels

for

protection

from

enemies.Dams

also

slow

water’s

flow

while

blocking

sediment

that

would

otherwise

flow

downstream.The

resulting

wetlands

often

attract

wildlife

diversity

where

none

had

existed.”可知,第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地有什么影响。Passage1Passage2Passage310.Whydidthebeaverfamily’sactivitycauseconcern?A.SwallowPondwouldfloodoften.B.Sedimentwouldflowdownstream.C.Thepopularpathmightbedamaged.D.Beaversmighthavetoliveunderwater.√解析

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But

county

officials

were

concerned

about

how

higher

water

would

affect

the

soil

bank

supporting

Winston

Path.”可知,海狸家族的活动之所以会引起关注是因为温斯顿小径的土岸坡可能会受影响。Passage1Passage2Passage311.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“beaverbaffle”inparagraph4referto?A.Ablocktokeepbeaversaway.B.Atooltofixholesinthedams.C.Adevicetomaintainwaterlevel.D.Amaterialtoprotectthesoilbank.√解析

词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Baffles

stabilize

water

levels

by

creating

a

hidden

exit

for

high

water

to

escape

through

the

dam,unnoticed

by

the

beavers.”可推知,画线短语“beaver

baf