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WordsandExpressionsUnit111.
anyonepron.复合不定代词=anybody①常用于疑问句和否定句中,意为“某人”,代替someone/somebodye.g.Ididn'tseeanyoneinthetheater.Doesanyoneliveonthisisland?Hetoldhernottotellanyone.②用于肯定句中,意为“任何人;无论谁,随便哪个人”e.g.Anyone
withfevermustbe
completely
separatedfromothersassoonaspossible.※辨析anyone与anyoneanyone仅指人;其后不能接表示范围的of短语e.g.Doesanyonewantadrink?
anyone既可指人,也可指物;其后可接表示范围的of短语。e.g.-Whichpenwouldyoulike?-Anyonewilldo.2anyonee.g.Itmayhappentoanyone.anyonee.g.Idon'tknowanyoneofthem/theteachers.*本单元另外三个表示人的复合不定代词:
everyone=everybody
意为“每人;人人;所有人”e.g.Everyoneshouldwashhisorherhandeveryday.someone=somebody
意为“某人”,通常用于肯定句中。e.g.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.MaybeitisBill.noone=nobody
意为“没有人”=not...anyone/anybodye.g.Nooneknowswhatwillhappennext.3※复合不定代词someone/somebody,
anyone/anybody,everyone/everybody和noone/nobody作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;被形容词等定语修饰时,定语要后置。e.g.Therewasn'tanyone
elseonthislonelyisland.荒凉的
-Isthereanyone
elseintheclassroom?-It'sempty.Everyone
is
listeningtoaspeechintheschoolhall.
Everyone
hastherighttoliveinhisownway.每个人都有权按自己的方式生活。
42.
anywhere
①adv.复合不定副词
A.常用于疑问句和否定句中,意为“在某处,到某处”,代替somewhere。e.g.Didyougoanywhere
interestingduringyoursummervacation?
Icannotfindmypenanywhere.=Icanfindmypennowhere.B.用于肯定句中,意为“在任何地方;无论何处;随便那个地方”e.g.Peoplecansendtheelectronicredpacket
anywhere
atanytime.②pron.
任何地方复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;被形容词等定语修饰时,定语要后置。e.g.Anywhere
isOK.*含-where的其他复合不定副词
somewhere在某处常用于肯定句5everywhere到处;各个地方相当于hereandthere,可用于各种句式中。nowhere无处;哪里都不相当于not...anywheree.g.Theoldmanwantstomovesomewhere
quiet.It'sluckywebookedaroom;otherwisewewillhavenowheretostaynow/willnothaveanywheretostay.3.
wonderful
adj.
精彩的;绝妙的wonder
(n.
惊叹;惊奇)+
-ful
(形容词后缀)e.g.Whatawonderful4-Dfilmitis!haveawonderful/good/greattime(in)doingsth.
做某事愉快/开心*-ful用于构成形容词,一般加在名词之后。care
(n.
小心)+-ful
=careful(adj.
小心的;仔细的)help
(n.
帮助)+-ful
=helpful(adj.
有帮助的)6*wonder①n.
奇迹;奇观
[C]e.g.Doyouknowaboutthesevenwondersoftheworld?②n.惊讶;惊叹
[U]e.g.Thechildrenwerefilledwith
wonder
atthesight.孩子们对此情景惊叹不已。③v.
想知道;琢磨e.g.Iwonderwhoheis.4.
quiteafew
相当多;不少=
many
修饰可数名词复数e.g.Quiteafewstudentstookpartinthesportsmeeting(whichis)heldinourschool.*quitealittle
相当多;不少=
much修饰不可数名词e.g.Wehadquitealittlebreadforbreakfast.75.
most①pron.
大多数指代可数名词或不可数名词,常与of连用。若mostof后接复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;若接单数名词或不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Mostofmyfriends/them
likepopmusic.大部分的我的朋友
Mostofthebuilding/water
isyellow/clean.这座楼/水的大部分②adj.(数量上)最多,最大many和much的最高级,后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。e.g.Whodoyouthinkwillgetthemostvotes?
插入语
Linglinggetsthemostmoneyofthethree.③adj.
大多数,大部分后接可数名词复数或不可数名词e.g.MostChinesethinkthecolorredisthesymbolofgoodluck.
8④adv.最修饰动词或用于构成多音节或部分双音节形容词或副词的最高级e.g.JiaoziiswhatImissmostwhenIamabroad.Moneyisthemostimportantthinginlife.Fishingisoneofthemostpopularactivitiesamongthemiddle-agedpeople.⑤adv.最多e.g.ThefoodIeatmostispasta.6.
something
pron.
某事;某物复合不定代词常用于肯定句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Linda,Iwanttotellyousomethingabouttheschooltrip.
Something
iswrongwithmynewcomputer.Ihavesomethingmoretotellyouabouttheplanfortomorrow.9*含-thing的其他复合不定代词:anything意为“某事;某物”,常用于否定句或疑问句中。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?意为“任何事;任何物”,用于肯定句中。e.g.Youcandoanythingyoulike.nothing意为“没有什么;没有一件东西”。=not...anythinge.g.Thereisnothinginthefridge.everything意为“所有事物;一切”。e.g.Everyhtinggoeswell.10e.g.Thereissomethingunderthetable.Idon'tknowanyhtingaboutit.=Iknownothingaboutit.Didshetellyouanyhting
interesting?Idecidedtotellhereverything.※当something,anyhting,everything和nothing作主语时,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式;被形容词等定语修饰时,定语后置。e.g.Thereis
something
newonthefirstpage.Don'tworryaboutme.Everythinghereisfine.Let'sdosomething
excitingafterfinishingthisterm.HowaboutgoingtoShanghaiDisneyland?※在表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用something,
而不用anything。e.g.-Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?-Yes,somebread.
117.
Ofcourse!当然!=
Sure!/Certainly!常用作肯定答语e.g.-Canyouhelpmetorepairmycomputer?-Ofcourse!-Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?-Ofcourse!*Ofcoursenot!
当然不!;不介意,不反对e.g.-It'scoldoutside.Do/Wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?
-Ofcoursenot!Iwilldoit
atonce.
-Wouldyoumindhandingmeapairofservingchopsticks?
-Ofcoursenot!Hereyouare.128.
myself
pron.
我自己;我本人反身代词my+self[self意为“自己”,加在人称代词宾格后(第三人称)或形容词性物主代词后(第一/二人称)构成反身代词。表示复数用selves。]e.g.Icanlookafter
myself.
BecauseoftheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19,IhavetoteachmyselfEnglish
online.*反身代词:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves13①反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语,表示“某人自己”。(all)byoneself
某人独自,单独foroneself
亲自teachoneself
(sth./todosth.)
=
learn(sth./todosth.)byoneself
自学saytooneself
自言自语dressoneself
自己穿衣服helponeself(tosth.)
自助(取食物等)hurtoneself
受伤e.g.Helearnedtorideabicycle
byhimself.
Itaughtmyselftoswim.②反身代词应与它所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.Petershouldbeashamedof
himself.为感到羞耻149.seem(tobe)+n./adj.
似乎;好像用于说明主语的特征或状态,seem是连系动词,意为“好像,似乎,看来”。e.g.Tomseems(tobe)acleverboy/veryhappy.
Computersandrocketsalsoseemed
impossible100yearsago.①seemlike+n.似乎;好像e.g.Itseemslikeagoodidea.②seemtodosth.
似乎做某事;好像做某事e.g.Theyoungmandoesn'tseemtocatchthebus.③Itseems/seemed+that从句看起来好像/似乎=
seemtodosth.e.g.Itseemsthatnooneknowsthenews.=Noone
seemsto
knowthenews.
1510.bored
adj.
厌倦的;烦闷的be/feel/getbored感到厌烦
be/feel/getboredwith.../todosth.
对(做)感到厌烦=
betiredof...e.g.SomeyoungChineseare/feel/getboredwithsomeshortvideos.Shefeelsboredtodotheboringwork.※辨析bored和boringbored厌倦的;烦闷的常作表语,用来描述人的感受。boring没趣的;令人厌倦(或厌烦)的可作表语或定语,常用来描述事物。e.g.Doingtheboringhouseworkmakesmebored.Inthefuture,robotswilldoboringjobsinplaceofpeopleinordernottogetusbored.代替16*在英语中,以-ed结尾的形容词通常用来描述人,以-ing结尾的形容词通常用来描述事物。beinterestedin...
(人)对感兴趣interesting
adj.
(人/物)有趣的berelaxedabout...
(人)对...感到放松relaxing
adj.
(物)令人放松的beexcitedabout...
(人)对感到激动/兴奋exciting
adj.
(物)令人激动/兴奋的
beworriedabout...
(人)对感到担忧/焦虑worrying
adj.
(物)令人担忧的besurprisedat...
(人)对感到惊讶/惊奇surpring
adj.
(物)令人好奇/惊奇/惊讶的11.
diary
n.
日记;记事簿keepadiary
记日记
1712.enjoyable
adj.
有乐趣的;令人愉快的enjoy(v.
享受)+-able(形容词后缀)e.g.Skippingisanenjoyableexerciseform.跳绳是一种有趣的锻炼方式。
Watchingtheteapreparationisjustasenjoyableasdrinkingtheteaitself.n.
预备;准备
同位语*enjoy
v.
享受;喜爱enjoysth./doingsth.
喜欢某物;喜欢做某事enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快e.g.Lucyenjoysdancingtomusic.WeenjoyedourselvesattheEnglishpartylastweekend.*enjoyment
n.
乐趣;乐事
enjoyably
adv.
令人愉快地
1813.decide
v.
决定;选定decide(not)todosth.
决定(不)去做某事decide+“特殊疑问词+不定式”decide+宾语从句e.g.BecauseoftheCOVID-19,theteachersdecidedtoteachEnglishonlineonweekdays.Mr.Chouisgoodatcooking,andhedecidestoopen
hisownrestaurant.Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.Ican'tdecidewhereIshouldgo.
*decision
n.
决定;抉择makeadecision(todosth./onsth.)=decidetodosth./onsth.做决定e.g.Imadeadecision/decidedtoreadEnglisheveryday.
1914.try①vt.
尝试;设法;努力trytodosth.
尽力做某事指努力去做trydoingsth.尝试做某事含有看看某种方法是否能成功的意思,不一定付出努力tryone'sbesttodosth.
竭尽全力做某事=takeeveryefforttodosth.trysth.on
试穿e.g.Hetriedhisfortuneinanothercity.Thefoodisverydeliciousinthatrestaurant.Wecouldgoandtryit.Theyaretryingtosolvethisproblem.Tomistryingworkingoutthismathprobleminthisway.Youshouldtryyourbesttomakeprogress.
Trythisdresson,itwillfityouwell.
20②n.
尝试
[C]haveatry
试一试e.g.Shedidn'tmanageto
breaktherecord,butitwasagoodtry.That'snotdifficult.Youcanhaveatry.15.paragliding
n.
滑翔伞运动e.g.Adventuroustravellerscangoheli-skiing,paraglidingandbungeejumping.喜欢冒险的旅行者可以去直升机滑雪、伞翼滑翔和蹦极。*以-ing结尾的文体运动类名词:singingdancingdrawingswimmingskating
滑冰skiing
滑雪highjumping
跳高bungeejumping
蹦极rockclimbing攀岩mountaincliming
登山skateboarding
滑板运动
2116.feellike
①给的感觉;感受到feellikesth./doingsth.
感觉像(在做)
feellikethat+宾语从句感觉像
e.g.Ifeellikeafish(swimming)
inthesea.The3-Dfilmcanmakeyoufeellikebeing
intherealsituation.
处于一种真实的环境中Hefeltlikethathelostthewholeworld.②想要feellikesth./doingsth.=
wouldlikesth./todosth.=wantsth./todosth.想要某物/做某事e.g.Doyoufeellikeanotherdrink?It'srainingoutside.Idon'tfeellikegoingout.
2217.wonder
①v.
想知道
=wanttoknowwonder+宾语从句想知道
宾语从句要用陈述语序e.g.Roseiswonderingwhodidthewashing.Hewonderedif/whethertheirfriendshipwouldcontinue.②n.[C]奇迹;奇观e.g.TheGreatWallisoneofthesevenwondersaroundtheworld.③n.[U]惊讶;惊奇e.g.Iwaslisteningtohisstorywithwonder.吃惊地*wonderful
adj.
精彩的;绝妙的
2318.
difference
n.
差别;差异[C]/[U]makeadifference(to...)(对)有影响;有作用e.g.Thereisnodifferencebetweenthetwobooks.Thetwosweaterslookthesamebutthereisabigdifferenceinprice.Mrs.ThompsonmademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.有所作为Pleaselookatthesetwodifferentpictures,class,andcirclethedifferencesbetweenthem.*different
adj.
不同的;有差异的[OPP]sameadj.相同的bedifferentfrom...
与不同[OPP]
bethesameas...
与相同
differently
adv.
不同地
2419.
top
①n.
顶部[OPP]
bottom
n.
底部on/atthetop/bottomof...
在顶/底部fromthetoptothebottom
从上到下e.g.Thereisabirdonthetopofthehouse.Pleasewriteyournameatthetopofthepage.②n.
表面e.g.Canyoupolish
thetopofthetable?擦亮③adj.
(位置、级别或程度)最高的e.g.PekingUniversityisoneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.
2520.waitv.等待;等候waitforsb./sth.
等待某人/某物wait(forsb./sth.)todosth.等着(某人/某物)做某事】can'twaittodosth.
迫不及待地想做某事waitaminute/moment/second
稍等一下e.g.Wearewaitingformyfathertohavedinner.However,heiswaitingforabus.Ican'twaittoeat.Butmymomsays,“Waitaminute.”21.becauseof
因为
because连词,后只能接句子,表明直接、明确的原因。becauseof短语介词,后可接n./pron./名词性成分26e.g.Theboyisunhappybecausehehasnofriends.Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.品性
Hedidn'tcometoschooltodaybecausehewasill.=Hedidn'tcometoschooltodaybecauseofhisillness.※because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。22.below①adv.
在下面;到下面e.g.Pleasereadtherulesbelow.②prep.A.(空间或方位)在下面
[OPP]aboveprep.
在上面e.g.Therestandsachairbelowthewindow.B.(数量、程度、地位等)在以下,低于
27e.g.Thetemperatureinourhomtownusuallydropsbelowzeroinwinter.※辨析below与undere.g.Hedivedbelow
thesurfaceofthewater.他潜入了水中。Hestoodunderatree.
Flyinginthesky,wecanseethefascinating(迷人的)citybelow.
现在分词伴随状语
below表示在某物的下方,但不一定是在正下方(即可以是在正下方或非正下方)
[OPP]
aboveunder表示在某物的正下方
[OPP]
over2823.
enough①adj.
足够的;充足的;充分的修饰名词,放在名词前e.g.Therewillbeenoughtimetorelaxwhenyoufinishyourwork.②adv.
足够地;充足地;充分地用在形容词、副词和动词之后e.g.Ididn'trunfastenoughtocatchthebus.DoctorsandnursesarebraveenoughtoprotectusfromCOVID-19.
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