2025届高三英语二轮复习 句法篇2 名词性从句 导学案（含解析）

2025届高三英语一轮复习句法篇2名词性从句在复合句中相当于名词的从句，称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：类别引导词意义功能从属连词that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分连接代词what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个主语、宾语、定语who(ever)(无论)谁主语、宾语、表语whom谁宾语whose谁的定语连接副词when何时时间状语where哪里地点状语why为何原因状语how如何方式状语考点1主语从句在句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。1.主语从句通常由以上名词性从句引导词引导。Whatupsetmemostishisrudeness.最让我生气的是他的粗鲁。Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。2.it作形式主语·It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句·It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句·It＋be＋过去分词(said/believed/expected/thought/known/reported等)＋that从句·It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters等)＋that从句Itwasastonishingthatshedidn’tcareaboutmyfeelings.令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。It’sapitythatyoucouldn’tfeelitintheflesh.遗憾的是，你不能切身感受到它。考点2宾语从句在句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样，在句中可以作及物动词、介词及部分形容词的宾语。Bettythinksthattreescanimprovetheair.贝蒂认为树木可以改善空气。NowalotofpeoplemightwonderwhyIwouldstepoutintotrafficlikethattorescueasinglebutterfly.现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。Youcandowhatevergivesyouabreakfromthestress.你可以做任何帮助你缓解压力的事情。2.it作形式宾语·动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句·动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句·动词短语seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋that从句·固定搭配takeitforgranted/oweittosb＋that从句Ifinditsurprisingthatheplayedthepianosowell.他钢琴弹得这么好，我感到很惊讶。WemakeitarulethatwegototheEnglishCornertopracticeEnglisheveryafternoon.我们定下规矩，每天下午都要去英语角练习英语。考点3表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif，because和why引导。That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。Myparents’requestisthatIshouldbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.我父母的要求就是我必须被重点大学录取。考点4同位语从句同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。Thereisnodoubtthatitisworthwhiletoparticipateinthephotographyshow.毫无疑问，参加摄影展是值得的。【重难点突破】1.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，什么……的事情，什么样的”。Ourteachermadearequestthatwe(should)bewellpreparedfortheexam.老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。Wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions.我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。2.wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别连接词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anythingthat，any...that，anyonewho，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：Whatyouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。Whateveryouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。3.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.这是否真实依然是个问题。Itisunknownwhether/ifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与ornot连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。Iwaswonderingwhether/ifshe’dprefertocomealittlelater.我不知道她是否乐意晚一点来。Therewasaheatedargumentaboutwhetherhewassuitablefortheposition.关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。Beforemakingthedecisionwhetherweshouldweartheschooluniform，wehavetobalancetheadvantagesagainstthedisadvantages.在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。【解题指导】【典例1】Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor____________hethoughtwasnotenough.答案what[介词for后为宾语从句，hethought作插入语，而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what，what可分解为thepricethat，原句可转化为“Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforthepricethathethoughtwasnotenough.”。]【典例2】MassiveOpenOnlineCourses，calledMOOCs，arechanging____________peoplelearninmanyplaces.答案how[分析句子结构可知，changing后为宾语从句，空处作宾语从句中的方式状语，即“怎样学习”，故应用how。]【达标检测】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024·广东潮州二模)Thescientistsbelieve____________causedwhalestogetsolargewasachangeintheEarth’sclimateonlyabout3millionyearsago.2.(2024·辽宁名校联盟模拟)It’sreported____________manysceneswereshotonthegroundsofdistinguishedChinesescientificinstitutes.3.(2024·湖北4月调研)LialsosaidatthenewsconferenceonMonday____________China’splantedforestconservationareahasreached87.6millionhectares.4.(2024·山东潍坊模拟)Inadditiontoappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthosehistoricalvolumes，shefocuseson____________theywerejoinedandpresented.5.(2024·陕西渭南一模)ThereasonwhyYangJianbecameagodwas____________hefoughthardduringthebattle.6.(2024·广东广州二模)Iaskedthem________theywantedtobuysomethingandtheytoldmethattheywereallright.7.(2024·河南开封二模)Bycreatingorganizedto-dolists，youcanprioritizethethingsyouneedtodo，andkeeptrackof____________stillneedstobecompleted.8.(2024·河北保定一模)But____________can’tbeseenisthescienceandtechnologybehindit.9.(2024·广东深圳一模)Itisfascinatingtoseearapidly-developingcitythatinvestssomucheffortinpreservingitspast，whichis______________________________Idecidedtopursuemycareerhere.10.(2024·广东汕头二模)Thisgivesevidenceto____________theChineseeconomyisgrowingsofast.Ⅱ.语法与写作1._______________________________________________________________________________________________________wastheinspirationfromthebeautifulyellowdandelions.是美丽的黄色蒲公英给了我克服困难的灵感。2.____________________allofasudden___________________________________________________________________________________________.我突然想起我忘记了她的生日。3.Hearingmywords，Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressed_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.大卫听了我的话，颤抖地转过身来，眼泪夺眶而出，他说他已经下定决心要完成越野赛跑。4.Cathyabruptlycoveredherwide-openedmouth，feeling__________________________________________________________________.凯茜突然捂住她张开的嘴，感觉似乎她的心都要跳出来了。5.Hearingthenews_____________________________________________________________________________________________________，Ifeltgreatlyworried.听到你被解雇的消息，我感到非常担心。Ⅲ.语篇提能练1.____________worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.____________sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubt3.____________sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.____________shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.____________shebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.____________willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparents’suggestion7.____________sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8.____________shekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.MaryaskedProfessorWang9.____________sheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10.____________shewillhavemoretimetodosports.ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.参考答案Ⅰ.1.what2.that3.that4.how5.that6.whether/if7.what8.what9.why10.whyⅡ.1.Whatencouragedmetoovercomethedifficulty2.Ithitme；thatIhadforgottenherbirthday3.he