高考英语一轮复习 Module 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection综合训练 北师大版

Module8Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.品句填词1．Unfortunately，manyspeciesareindangerof________(灭绝)nowadays.2．Astheforestsarebeingdestroyed，the________(保护区)forthemisbecomingnecessary.3．Unlesswecangetmore________(财政，资金)，wewillclosethehotel.4．Thescientists________(计算)usingvariouskindsofdatawhenthespacecraftwouldreachthemoon.5．Themurdererwas________(判刑)todeathforwhathehaddone.6．Scientistsare________(宣称)amajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.7．We’ve________(分配)accommodationtoreachoftherefugees.8．Theowner________(威胁)todriveusoutofthepubifwegotdrunk.9．Thefruitis________(超过)myreach.10．Westilldon’tknowexactlyhowtheuniversefirstcameinto________(存在)．答案：1.extinction2.conservation3.finance4.calculated5.condemned6.claiming7.allocated8.threatened9.beyond10.existenceⅡ.短语识境referto;trap;leadto;considerate;apartfrom;answerfor;wrapup;carryoff;allinall;onone’sbehalf1．Evensuchasmallmistakewouldperhaps________disastrousconsequences.2．________，heismorelearnedthanhewastenyearsago.3．Thatjustaboutitfortoday.4．Mycolleaguesarenowonvocation，soI’mattendingthemeeting________.5．Whateveryoudonow，youmust________itoneday.6．Youmightbemore________towardsotherpeople.7．Shewas________intheburninghouse.8．Don’t________thismatteragain，please.Idon’twanttotalkaboutitanymore.9．________thecost，buildingahousealsotakesupalotoftime.10．She________thefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.答案：1.leadto2.Allinall3.wraps；up4.ontheirbehalf5.answerfor6.considerate7．trapped8.referto9.Apartfrom10.carriedoffⅢ.完成句子1．那位老师轮流帮助每一位学生，此事占用了他大量的时间。Theteacherhelpedeachofthechildren________________，whichtookupalotofhistime.2．一旦得到命令，消防队会立刻采取措施。Oncetheygottheorder，thefirefighters________________immediately.3．在那儿他有太多难过的回忆，他永远离开了那个地方。Hehadtoomanysadmemoriesthereandlefttheplace________________.4．租金要提前3个月支付。Rentshallbepaidthreemonths________________.5．在一定程度上我赞成你。Iagreewithyou________________________.答案：1.inturn2.tookaction3.forgood4.inadvance5.tosomedegreeⅣ.单项填空1．—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—________herthisweekend？(·全国)A．WhynotvisitingB．WhynottovisitC．WhynotvisitD．Whydon’tvisit解析：考查交际用语。Whydon’tyou...？和Whynotdo...？表示提出建议，是“你为什么不做……”之意，解题方法探讨：交际用语是日常生活中的语言，用的最多。所以要求考生熟悉各种场景下运用什么样的语言来回答，并准确地掌握中西方文化的不同之处。答案：C2．Ihaveofferedtopaintthehouse________aweek’saccommodation.(·山东)A．inexchangeforB．withregardtoC．bymeansofD．inplaceof解析：考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：作为一周住宿的交换条件，我已经主动提出粉刷房屋。withregardto“关于，至于”；bymeansof“通过……方法”；inplaceof“代替”；inexchangeof“作为交换条件”。解题方法探讨：介词短语在高考中考查的频率很高。要求考生们在平时学习中熟记短语，加强练习。答案：A3．Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess________herwildestdreams.(·陕西)A．atB．beyondC．withinD．upon解析：beyondone’swildestdreams为固定短语，意思是“超出某人的想象”。解题方法探讨：beyond属于用法较灵活的介词之一。但beyond所构成的短语都离不开beyond的本意“超过”(某个数量，限度)，所以记beyond短语时要发挥想象。答案：B4．Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly________violence.(·浙江)A．runsintoB．comesfromC．leadstoD．beginswith解析：句意为：我们认为战争不能解决任何问题，它只能导致暴力。leadto意为“导致，引起”，解决方法探讨见第5题。答案：C5．—They’requiet，aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.(·江苏)A．totalkB．tonottalkC．totalkingD．tonottalking解析：beaccustomedto后跟动名词作宾语，动名词的否定形式应该在动名词的前面加not。解题方法探讨：to是不定式符号还是介词对考生来说是个难点。要求平时熟记to为介词的几个短语就可以了。答案：D6．—Whoisthatgirlon________redbike?—LucyJenkins，________artstudentsin________BeijingUniversity.A．a；an；theB．the；an；/C．the；the；/D．a；the；/解析：考查冠词。第一个空是特指，表示“骑红色自行车的女孩”；第二个空是LucyJenkins的同位语，表示泛指；BeijingUniversity是专有名词，不加冠词。答案：B7．—Sorry，Mary.Iwasabitrudetoyoujustnow.—________，butdon’tdothatagain.A．GotitB．ForgetitC．That’sallrightD．Takeiteasy解析：考查交际用语。本句是回答sorry，故选择Forgetit“没关系”；Gotit“明白了”；That’sallright“没什么”；Takeiteasy“别急，慢慢来”。答案：B8．Wewerelatebecausetheroadwasso________thatwehadtodrivecarefullyatlowspeed.A．spaciousB．smoothC．roughD．irregular解析：考查形容词。由drivecarefullyatlowspeed可知前文意思应是“路不平”；rough“(道路等)崎岖的，不平的”；spacious“宽敞的”；smooth“平整的”；irregular“不规则的，没有规律的”。答案：C9．—Whynotgoonapicnicthisweekend?—Goodidea.Iwill________youatsevenonSaturdaymorning.A．answerforB．accountforC．lookforD．callfor解析：考查短语动词。callforsb.“去接某人”；answerfor“对……负责”；accountfor“解释，说明”；lookfor“寻找”。答案：D10．Therewasmudandwatereverywhere，________ithardtotravelfromplacetoplace.A．tomakeB．madeC．havingmadeD．making解析：考查非谓语动词。现在分词making作结果状语，表示前句所造成的结果。答案：DⅤ.阅读理解Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey­pox，adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest，suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericansMidwest，it’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.“Mostoftheinfections(感染)wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals，”saysStephenMorsedirectoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.It’snotjustthatwe’regoingtowheretheanimalsare；we’realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spets，andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea.“Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem，”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging”，saysPeterSchantz.Monkey­poxmaybethe_wake­up_call.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病毒)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)．Monkey­poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1．WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay________.A．comefromColumbiaB．preventusfrombeinginfectedC．enjoybeingwithchildrenD．sufferfrommonkey­pox解析：推理判断题。从第一段Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey­pox，adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforestsuddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericansMidwest，可知，商店里买的宠物带有一种疾病。答案：D2．WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?A．Theyattackhumanbeings.B．Weneedtostudynativeanimals.C．Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest.D．Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.解析：细节判断题。Isaksen’spetsandshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea。答案：D3．Whatdoesthephrase“thewake­upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Anewdisease.B．Aclearwarning.C．Adangerousanimal.D．Amorningcall.解析：词义理解题。大多数感染(感染)认为人类感染始于其他动物，故养动物宠物的人很容易受到感染，故此研究者唤醒养动物宠物人的注意。答案：B4．Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe________.A．mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB．mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC．shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD．shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica解析：主题大意题。从最后一段可知，会有更多的病毒由动物传染给人，故此人类要不断与新的疾病作斗争。答案：A英语文化憩园(教师用书独具)英语脱口秀怎样用英语来点菜呢？下面我们一起来学习用地道的英语点菜吧。【常用句型】*预定餐馆一般情况下，去饭店之前要预约：1．A：Hello，thisistheParkRestaurant.MayIhelpyou?B：I’dliketomakeareservationforeightpeopleat6∶00tonight.A：Howmanyinyourgroup?B：Weareagroupofeight./I’dliketoreserveatableforeight.A：OK.2．A：I’msorry.Weareallbookeduptonight./I’msorry.Wearequitefulltonight.B：Howlongdowehavetowait?3．I’msorry，butIhavetocancelmyreservation.*点菜1．如果要直接点菜，可以这么说：MayIhaveamenu，please?MayIorderaglassofbeer?Whatkindsofdessertsdoyouhave?I’dliketohavesomeorange.Pleasegivemethisone.2．如果对当地的菜肴不熟悉，通常这么问：Whatisthespecialityoftherestaurant?Doyouhaveanyspecialmealstoday?Whatwouldyourecommend?Iprefersomethinglight.3．可以让同来的人替你点菜，或者点和别人一样的菜：Iwillleaveittoyou.Iwillhavethesameasthatone.4．需要叫菜时，可以这么说：Pleasetakemyorder.5．如果不急于点菜时，可以这么说：CouldIhaveafewmoreminutes?*饭桌上可以这么评价菜：Itsmellsgood./Itlooksgreat./Thislooksdelicious./Mymouthiswatering.Itdoesn’ttastegood.Itisspicy./It’shot./It’ssalty./It’ssweet./It’stoogreasy./It’stoooily.I’mveryfull./Icouldn’teatanotherbite./Ihavehadenough.*付款可以采用不同的方式来结账：Doyouaccept/takecreditcards?Bill，please./WhereshouldIpay?It’sonme./Thisismytreat./I’llpayforit./I’lltreatyou.Let’sspiltthebill./Let’sdividethecost./We’dliketopayseparately.Keepthechange./MayIhaveareceipt(发票)，please?【小试身手】补全对话：从A、B、C和D中选择适当的句子完成对话。Woman：Thisisareallyexpensiveplace.________Man：Don’tworryaboutthat.It’sonme.Waiter：Goodafternoon.________Man：Justthetwoofus.Waiter：Allright.Followmeplease.Hereisourmenuwiththespecialslistedontheright.Iwouldespeciallyrecommendthelobstersteak.Thelobsterisveryfresh.Woman：IthinkIwilljusthavethesoupandsalad，please.Man：Whatareyoutalkingabout?Whydon’twebothgettwolobstersteaks?Itsoundsgreat.Waiter，we’dliketwolobstersteaks.Waiter：Yes，sir.________Woman：Mediumrare，please.Waiter：Andyou，sir?Man：Iwillhavethesameashers.Waiter：Anythingtodrinktoday?Man：Yes.Ibelievewewillhavetwoglassesofyourbestredwine.Waiter：________Man：Yes，thankyou.A．Howwouldyoulikeyoursteakdone?B．Howmanypeopletoday?C．Verygood，wouldthatbeall?D．Areyousureyouwanttoeathere?Keys：DBAC与感恩节有关的英语词汇TalkTurkey：打开窗户说亮话，严肃谈某事相传在北美殖民时期，一个白人和一个印第安人去打猎，事先说好了平分打到的猎物。结果一天下来只打到一只火鸡和一只鹧鸪。白人心里想要火鸡，但又不敢直接说，于是对印第安人说：“如果你想要火鸡，就拿去吧！鹧鸪虽小一些，味道却很鲜美；如果你喜欢鹧鸪，我就拿火鸡了。”印第安人一听就明白了，于是针锋相对地说：“你一直讲火鸡，现在让我也讲讲火鸡吧！”于是talkturkey演变成了“打开窗户说亮话，谈正经事，坦诚地说话”的意思了。如：1.Ifyouarewillingtotalkturkey，theproblembetweenuscanbeeasilysettled.如果你愿意实实在在地说话，那么我们之间的问题就可以很容易地解决。2.Generallyheisaneasy­goingperson，butwhenitcomestoreligiousbeliefhetalksturkey.一般来说，他是一个随和的人，但一谈到宗教信仰，他就正经起来。haveaturkeyon(one’s)back喝醉酒redasturkeycock气得满面通红swelllikeaturkeycock气势汹汹的发作Thanksgivingdinner感恩节正餐Thanksgivingturkey感恩节火鸡中国小吃，外国菜名中式早点：烧饼clayovenrolls；油条friedbreadstick；韭菜盒friedleekdumplings；水饺boileddumplings；蒸饺steameddumplings；馒头steamedbuns；饭团riceandvegetableroll；蛋饼eggcakes；皮蛋100yearegg；咸鸭蛋saltedduckegg；豆浆soybeanmilk饭类：稀饭riceporridge；白饭plainwhiterice；油饭glutinousoilrice；糯米饭glutinousrice；卤肉饭braisedporkrice；蛋炒饭friedricewithegg面类：馄钝面wonton&noodles；刀削面slicednoodles；麻辣面spicyhotnoodles；麻酱面sesamepastenoodles汤类：鱼丸汤fishballsoup；贡丸汤meatballsoup；蛋花汤egg&vegetablesoup；紫菜汤seaweedsoup；酸辣汤hot&soursoup；馄饨汤wontonsoup大排档趣味英语翻译烤串成了大家爱吃的街边美味，如果把烤串翻译成英文，还是比较有趣的，如果和你的国外朋友去吃烤串，不妨参考以下翻译。肉串Skewer(lamb)肉筋Tendon(lamb)板筋Tendon(beef)脆骨Cartilage鸡心Chickenhearts烧饼Griddlesavourycake小腰Smallkidney(lamb)馒头片Crispybunslices鸡翅Chickenwing大腰子Bigkidney(lamb)骨肉相连Cartilage&chicken传统中文菜名的爆笑英文翻译语言之间的互译本来就不是容易的事，要再碰上点本国特有的文化，简直有点翻译不通。直译绝对行不通，意译又导致语义不明确。如何在这两者之间求取一个平衡，就成了非常难搞定的事儿。想当年的鲁迅先生，虽然文才了得，但在翻译这上头，也做了个不尴不尬。可见翻译绝非易事啊。中国的饮食文化堪称一绝，许多烹饪方法与食材都是外国人闻所未闻见所未见的。所以在菜名的翻译上，常常有笑话产生。前几年称北京旅游局对外发布了一个《中文菜名英文译法》，将大部分的中文菜名英文译法统一起来，在各大饭店推广，以便外国游客能真的看懂看全。这也算一件好事。具体到每个译法上看，有些菜名的翻译虽然是委屈求全，但要求更好恐怕也有点强人所难了。毕竟，语言文化上很多精髓都是只可意会不可言传的。下面就拿一些常见的菜名来看看。1．直译类，这类比较简单锅贴potsticker(这个翻译非常直接，锅就是锅，贴就是贴)酸辣汤hot&soursoup(又辣又酸的汤)春卷springrolls(春天的卷)柠檬牛肉lemonbeef炒杂菜mixedvegetable(混合在一起的菜)叫化鸡beggarschicken(乞丐鸡)四喜丸子fourjoymeatballs(四个快乐的肉球)清蒸鱼steamfish火锅hotpot(热锅)烤鸭roastedduck可以看到以上一些翻译，没有涉及文化内涵，而仅仅涉及制作方法或者口味的，似乎比较容易成功，而类似“四喜丸子”这样的菜名译法，看起来令人忍俊不禁。2．音译类馄饨wonton叉烧charshiu炒面chowmein捞面lomein炒河粉chowfun豆腐tofu麻婆豆腐marbohtofu从这类翻译中我们可以看出中国文化远走他乡，在异国生根，被异国文化所包容接纳的一面。3．曲译类中国菜名中一些非常有诗意的元素，用英文实在无法体现出来。白云凤爪chickenleg(鸡脚)四宝豆腐羹steamtofusoup(蒸豆腐汤)游龙戏凤chicken，shrimp，squid/mixedvegetable(鸡，虾，鱿鱼，杂菜)炒素丁vegetableroll(菜卷子)鸳鸯馒头shanghaibuns(上海馒头)雪哈红莲birdnestredbeansoup(鸟窝红豆汤)百年好合redbeanfreshlilybulb(红豆百合茎)在以上菜名中，有一些综合了中国历史、戏曲、民俗等方面的内容于一身，用英文根本无法传递其中复杂的内涵，于是只好用所采用的食材来予以替代。而部分食材例如燕窝，英文翻译为“鸟窝，鸟巢”，则让人觉得非常难以接受。其实在翻译菜名的过程中，专家已经将其分别归类，大概可以分为这么几种：第一，以主料开头。如“lemonbeef”。第二，以烹饪方法开头，如“roastedduck”。第三，以口感开头，如“crispychicken”。第四，以人名或地名开头，如“mabohtofu”。有一些菜名相对于从前的翻译，已经有了很大的进步，一些创造性的译法，也让人感觉到了一丝幽默。比如“田园素小炒”成了“让素食主义者高兴的菜”。形影不离的名词词组1．kingandqueen国王和王后Insidethepyramidaretheroomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens.金字塔内是国王和王后的墓室。2．knifeandfork一副刀叉