Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Reading高中英语译林版必修第三册

牛津译林版高中英语必修三课件Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldReading47Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrize◆ 内容分析【What】本板块的语篇类型是人物报道，内容围绕中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦展开。文章介绍了屠呦呦及其团队发现青蒿素的过程，重点介绍了他们的不懈努力，以及从传统中医药学中所汲取的智慧。【Why】本板块的语篇希望传递给读者两重深层含义：第一是中国的传统中医药学是个巨大的宝库，如果善加利用，可以对人类健康事业作出巨大的贡献；第二是以屠呦呦为杰出代表的科学家们所体现出来的坚韧不拔的意志、无私奉献的品质，是值得我们敬佩和学习的。【How】本板块的语篇具有新闻体裁的特点。我们要从三个视角去解读文本。第一是新闻导语的特征：我们需要掌握新闻导语言简意赅的特点，准确把握新闻导语中的核心信息和额外信息；第二是过渡句的使用：文章中段与段之间过渡句的使用，很好地让全文形成了一个整体；第三是下定义的手法：用通俗的语言给复杂的专有名词作出清晰的解释就是下定义的写作技巧，比如本文中对于“疟疾”、“青蒿素”等医学名词的定义，就是典型的例子。Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.summarizetheoutlineandkeyinformationofthenewsreport;2.evaluatetheimportanceoftraditionalChinesemedicineandappreciatethequalitiesofTuYouyouasascientist;3.applynounphraseswhenexplainingmedicalterms.evalu·ate/ɪˈvæljueɪt/估计；评价；评估;assessterm

/tɜːm/词语；术语；措辞

△Behindeveryscientificdiscoveryliesalotofhardwork.ThenewsreportbelowdescribestheChinesescientistTuYouyouandherdiscoveryofalife-savingmedicine.Beforeyoureadthenewsreport,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:sci·en·tif·ic

/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/科学（上）的；关于科学的;细致严谨的；科学的life-saving

救命的；救生的;（对溺水者的）救生术

1)WhatdoyouknowabouttheNobelPrize?TheNobelPrizeisaninternationalprizegivenannuallyforachievementsindifferentfieldssuchasphysics,chemistry,medicineorliterature.Theprizeisalsoawardedtothosewhocontributetocreatingpeace.ItwasstartedbyAlfredNobel,aSwedishchemist,engineerandinventor.Hedecidedthatafterhisdeathhismoneymustbeusedtoawardactionsthatbenefitmankind.IknowtherehavebeensomeChinesewinnersoftheNobelPrizeinthefieldsofscienceandliterature.an·nu·al·ly/ˈænjuəli/一年一次地

lit·era·ture

/ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/文学；文学作品contributeto/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/贡献;做出贡献Swedish/ˈswiːdɪʃ/瑞典的;瑞典人的;瑞典语的;瑞典文化的

2)Whatimportantscientificdiscoveriesinhistoryhaveyouheardabout?ThediscoveryofgravityhelpeduslearnaboutthelawsofmotionontheEarthandinspace.Itledtothedevelopmentoftransportationandourunderstandingoftheuniverse.X-raysallowedustoseetheinsideofthehumanbodysafelyandledtotheinventionofmoreadvancedbodyscanningsystems.ThediscoveryofDNAwassignificanttoourunderstandingoflivingthings.grav·ity/ˈɡrævəti/重力；地球引力;严重性;严肃；庄严law规律；法则；原理mo·tion

/ˈməʊʃn/运动；移动；动trans·por·ta·tion/ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/交通工具;交通运输系统scan

/skæn/（X射线、超声波、电磁波等）扫描Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrizeByDinaConner/ˌdiːnəˈkɒnə(r)/迪娜·康纳11December2015

△TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。

当先行词含有first,next,last或者形容词最高级这样的词语时，常用不定式作定语，这时充当定语的不定式通常不含有将来意义或情态意义，而含有过去时意义HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。Theywerethelastgueststoarrive.他们是最后到达的客人。

thanksto得益于；归功于；多亏

chance

/tʃɑːns/（尤指希望发生的事的）可能性;机会；机遇；时机

Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.△ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiringabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.gradu·ation

/ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/（大学或美国高中的）毕业acad·emy/əˈkædəmi/研究院，学会;专科院校fur·ther

/ˈfɜːðə(r)/adj.更多的；更进一步的；附加的

Tu’seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful(过渡句).Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalaria,andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.Shecollectedover2,000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults,TureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.head负责人；领导人results成功实现的事；成果；成效promising/ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/有望成功的;前景很好的△Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.On4October1971,after190failures,shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.in·spire/ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/启发思考;赋…以灵感;给…以启示;pre·paresth(fromsth)调制，配制（药品等）re·design/ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/重新设计part成员；成分succeed(indoingsth)达到目的；实现目标；办到；做成

However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited(过渡句).Tuandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment,theyhadtoextractherbsusinghouseholdwatercontainers.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions,buttheynevergaveup.so·lu·tion(tosth)/səˈluːʃn/解决办法；处理手段suf·fer

/ˈsʌfə(r)/变差；变糟;受苦，受难，受折磨

△Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem(过渡句).Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.Tospeeduptheprocessandensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.volunteer

todosth.主动要求做;自愿做；义务做；无偿做teststh(onsth/forsth)/sthout试验；检验；测试

TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff.InNovember1972,throughtrialanderror,theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.successfully/səkˈsesfəli/成功地；顺利地key

/kiː/最重要的；主要的；关键的since自那时起;此后；后来Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery,TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.InherNobelLecture,sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.△Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists,drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicine,willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.treasurehouse宝库；宝地raiseittoahigherlevel让其更上一层楼drawon/uponsth凭借；利用；动用healthcare医疗保健;医疗（服务）A.UnderstandingthetextPage46A1.Readthenewsreportandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachpart.Para.1:TuYouyouwonaNobelPrizein2015forherdiscoveryofqinghaosu.Para.2:

TuYouyouacquiredabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.Paras.3–5:Para.6:A2.Readthenewsreportagaincarefullyandfillinthetablebelow.

TuYouyouandherteamsolvedalotofproblemsbeforetheysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu.

TuYouyouandherteam’seffortsfinallypaidoff.Problem1:Theextractsfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults.Solution1:

TuYouyoureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain,redesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheqinghaoherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.Problem2:Tuandherteamcouldnotproduceenoughqinghaoextractbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.Solution2:

TuYouyouandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem,e.g.usinghouseholdwatercontainersinsteadofresearchequipment.Problem3:Tuandherteamdidnothavesufficientsafetydatatostarttrialsonpatients.Solution3:

TuYouyouandherteamvolunteeredtotesttheqinghaoextractonthemselves.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1)WhatqualitiesdidTuYouyoushowasascientist?Usedetailsfromthenewsreporttosupportyourideas.

Sheiswell-educated.ShehasabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,whichhasprovedusefulinherresearch.Sheisadeterminedperson.Sheandherteamdidn’tgiveupevenafter190failures.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosuffer.Sheispreparedtomakebigsacrificesforscience.Whentherewasinsufficientdatafortrials,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotesttheqinghaoextractonthemselves.well-educated/welˈedʒukeɪtɪd/受过良好教育的de·ter·mined

/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/坚定的；坚决的；果断的bepreparedtodosth愿意sac·ri·fice

/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/牺牲；舍弃

2)TuYouyouisthefirstChinesefemalescientisttowinaNobelPrize.Inyouropinion,whatisthesignificanceofthisachievement?ThishasshowntheimportanceoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Qinghaosu,asthekeysubstanceinmanymalariamedicines,hassavedcountlesslives.TuYouyou’sachievementhasearnedinternationalrecognitionoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Asafemalescientist,Tuhasalsoinspiredyoungfemalescientiststoworkhardertoachievetheirdreams.sub·stance

/ˈsʌbstəns/物质；物品；东西count·less/ˈkaʊntləs/无数的；数不胜数的；数不尽的rec·og·ni·tion

/ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/承认；认可B.BuildingyourlanguagePage47B1.ThepassagebelowisabouttraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.broadsufficientintendpayofflimitedexperimentwisdomrefertoInherNobelLecture,TuYouyou(1)

__________thestrengthsofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,andpointedoutthatthereisgreatpotentialforfutureadvancesifscientistsmakegooduseofthesestrengths.Theireffortstoconductresearchinbothfieldsmayfinally(2)

_______.strength/streŋθ/优势；优点；长处pointout指出;指明potentialfor(doing)sth可能性；潜在性advance(insth)进步；进展referredtopayoffA

goodexampletoillustratethispointisthediscoveryofqinghaosuin1972,whichwas(3)

_________asaneffectivetreatmentformalaria.TheChineseherbqinghao,fromwhichqinghaosucomes,hasbeenusedtocurediseasesforalmost2,000years.△However,itwasnotuntilthe1970sthatTusucceededindiscoveringqinghaosu,aftermanyfailed(4)

___________.point

/pɔɪnt/论点；观点；见解intendedforsb/sth/assth/tobe/dosth为…打算（或设计）的comeof/fromsth是…的结果intendedexperimentsBythen,thefightagainstmalariahadachievedonly(5)

_______success.Sincethediscoveryofqinghaosu,thesurvivalrateofmalariapatientshasincreasedbyaround30%.

△Withouther(6)

______knowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,Tumightneverhavediscoveredqinghaosu.Itisimportantthatscientistsdrawonthe(7)

________ofbothfields.With(8)

_________research,manymoremedicaldiscoverieslikeqinghaosuarelikelytobemade.

fightagainststh.抗击，抗争，斗争drawon/uponsth凭借；利用；动用limitedbroadwisdomsufficientB2.Thenewsreportusessomeabstractnouns.Notethefollowingsuffixesandthinkofmorewordsformedwiththem.Thenfillinthetablebelowwithasmanywordsasyoucan.ab·stract/ˈæbstrækt/抽象的（与个别情况相对）；纯理论的suf·fix

/ˈsʌfɪks/后缀wisdom,freedomeffectiveness,usefulness,kindness,loneliness,happinesssurvival,arrival,approval,proposal,refusal,removalappearance,acceptance,performance,assistancefailure,pleasure,exp