初中生3分钟英语演讲稿：我的父亲

Word文档初中生3分钟英语演讲稿：我的父亲xample,onehalfofthecarbonequationishowmuchweemit,andtheotherhalfofthecarbonequation,asimveryconsciousasatrusteeofkew,ishowmuchthingssoakup,andtheysoakupcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.

虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了许多钱来教育大众，我们应当正确地来做这件事。其中也有一些社会因素让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作例如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的而另一半碳储量我相当关切，身为皇家植物园的受托管理人

thatswhatplantsactuallydoforaliving.and,foranyfinnishpeopleintheaudience,thisisafinnishpun:weare,bothliterallyandmetaphorically,skatingonthiniceifwedontunderstandthatkindofthing.now,hereshowyoudothebatteryandthebulb.itssoeasy,isntit?ofcourse,youallknewthat.butifyouhaventplayedwithabatteryandabulb,ifyouveonlyseenacircuitdiagram,youmightnotbeabletodothat,andthatsoneoftheproblems.

是植物汲取多少二氧化碳植物就是以此维生的假如在场有芬兰人，这是芬兰话的双关语我们无论在实际上或隐喻上，都是如履薄冰要是我们不明白那些事电池和灯泡只要这要做就行很简洁，不是吗?你们都懂了但要是你没有亲自碰过电池和灯泡假如你只看过电路图你可能就做不出来，这是个麻烦

so,whyisithotterinsummerthaninwinter?welearn,aschildren,thatyougetclosertosomethingthatshot,anditburnsyou.itsaverypowerfulbitoflearning,andithappensprettyearlyon.byextension,wethinktoourselves,whyitshotterinsummerthaninwintermustbebecausewereclosertothesun.ipromiseyouthatmostofyouwillhavegotthat.oh,youreallshakingyourheads,butonlyafewofyouareshakingyourheadsveryfirmly.

那么，为何夏天比冬天热?我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近你就被烫到，这真很有效的教育方法很小的时候大家就学到了延长这个论点，我们觉得夏天比冬天热肯定是由于我们离太阳比较近我信任大多人都懂了哦，大家都在摇头不过只有几个人摇得很坚决

otheronesarekindofgoinglikethis.allright.itshotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausetheraysfromthesunarespreadoutmore,right,becauseofthetiltoftheearth.andifyouthinkthetiltistiltinguscloser,no,itisnt.thesunis93millionmilesaway,andweretiltinglikethis,right?itmakesnoodds.infact,inthenorthernhemisphere,werefurtherfromthesuninsummer,asithappens,butitmakesnoodds,thedifference.

其他人只是这样子摇而已，好吧夏天比冬天热是由于太阳的辐射线传播得比较多，地球倾斜的关系假如你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜，那就错了太阳离地球1亿5千万公里，地球倾斜角度大略如此倾斜不是差别所在，在北半球夏天时我们离太阳更远跟倾斜没有关系

ok,now,thescribbleofthediagramofthesolarsystem.ifyoubelieve,asmostofyouprobablydo,thatitshotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausewereclosertothesun,youmusthavedrawnanellipse.right?thatwouldexplainit,right?except,inyour--yourenodding--now,inyourellipse,haveyouthought,well,whathappensduringthenight?

好，问题四是画出太阳系的平面图假如大家信任，大多数可能都信任夏天比冬天热是由于地球离太阳较近大家应当都画了椭圆形对吧?这就能解释了吧?除非，你点头了，你画了个椭圆形你有想过，「夜晚又是怎么回事」?

betweenaustraliaandhere,right,theyvegotsummerandwevegotwinter,andwhat--doestheearthkindofrushtowardsthesunatnight,andthenrushbackagain?imean,itsaverystrangethinggoingon,andweholdthesetwomodelsinourhead,ofwhatsrightandwhatisntright,andwedothat,ashumanbeings,inallsortsoffields.

澳洲和美国这边，澳洲是夏天这边是冬天，莫非说地球在晚上会冲向太阳然后再冲回来?这实在很惊奇我们脑中有两种思索模式，对的和错的身为人类，我们在许多领域都这样思索

so,herescopernicusviewofwhatthesolarsystemlookedlikeasaplan.thatsprettymuchwhatyoushouldhaveonyourpieceofpaper.right?andthisisnasasview.theyrestunninglysimilar.ihopeyounoticethecoincidencehere.

左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图跟你们纸上画的差不多，对吧右边是nasa的版本，两张图特别相像我盼望大家留意其中的巧合要是你知道人们有错误观念

whatwouldyoudoifyouknewthatpeoplehadthismisconception,right,intheirheads,ofellipticalorbitscausedbyourexperiencesaschildren?whatsortofdiagramwouldyoushowthemofthesolarsystem,toshowthatitsnotreallylikethat?youdshowthemsomethinglikethis,wouldntyou?itsaplan,lookingdownfromabove.but,no,lookwhatifoundinthetextbooks.thatswhatyoushowpeople,right?

你会怎么做在他们脑中，楕圆形的轨道是他们儿时阅历教的吗?你会给他们看什么样的太阳系示意图?证明太阳系不是他们想的那样你会给他们看这种图吗?这是俯瞰的平面图可是并非如此，瞧瞧我在教科书里找到的你会给他们看这种图对吧?

thesearefromtextbooks,fromwebsites,educationalwebsites--andalmostanythingyoupickupislikethat.andthereasonitslikethatisbecauseitsdeadboringtohavealoadofconcentriccircles,whereasthatsmuchmoreexciting,tolookatsomethingatthatangle,isntit?right?

出自教科书出自教育网站你找得到的几乎都是这种图会以这种视角呈现是由于只有一堆同心圆太死板无趣从这种视角看太阳系比较新奇刺激不是吗?

andbydoingitatthatangle,ifyouvegotthatmisconceptioninyourhead,thenthattwo-dimensionalrepresentationofathree-dimensionalthingwillbeellipses.soyouve--itscrap,isntitreally?aswesay.

由于弄成这种视角假如你脑中有了这种误会用二度空间来呈现三度空间就会变成椭圆形这真是糟糕，可不是吗?

so,thesementalmodels--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels.wedothis,ofcourse,withmattersofrace,andpolitics,andeverythingelse,andwedoitinscienceaswell.sowelook,justlook--andscientistsdoit,constantly--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels,andsomefolksarejustalltooableandwillingtoprovidetheevidencethatreinforcesthemodels.

因此，我们寻求证据来增加我们的心智模式我们用这种方式处理种族、政治、全部事当然也用这种方式处理科学，我们只观看是科学家在这么做，我们不断寻求证据来增加我们的心智模式，有些人很有方法也愿意供应证据来增加那些模式

so,beingimintheunitedstates,illhaveadigattheeuropeans.theseareexamplesofwhatiwouldsayisbadpracticeinscienceteachingcenters.

所以我现在人在美国，就会说欧洲人的坏话这些图片都是我认为不良的科学教育

thesepicturesarefromlavilletteinfranceandthewelcomewingofthesciencemuseuminlondon.and,ifyoulookatthe,kindofthewaythesethingsareconstructed,theresalotofmediationbyglass,anditsveryblue,andkindofprofessional--inthatwaythat,youknow,woodyallencomesupfromunderthesheetsinthatsceneinanniehall,andsaid,god,thatssoprofessional.andthatyoudont--theresnopassioninit,anditsnothandson,right,and,youknow,punintended.

类似教学中心，这些图取自法国维叶特科博馆以及伦敦科博馆的迎宾翼展现区你看看这些东西建成的模样有许多玻璃隔板，蓝光色调，弄得很专业似的那种方式，就像是伍迪艾伦从床单里冒出来在《安妮霍尔》戏中的那一幕他说“老天，这真是太专业了”这其中没有热忱，没有动手参加，是吗这是个双关，不过也有好的教学方法

whereasgoodinterpretation--illuseanexamplefromnearby--issanfranciscoexploratorium,whereallthethingsthat--thedemonstrations,andsoon,aremadeoutofeverydayobjectsthatchildrencanunderstand,itsveryhands-on,andtheycanengagewith,andexperimentwith.andiknowthatifthegraduatesatmitandintheimperialcollegeinlondonhadhadthebatteryandthewireandthebitofstuff,andyouknow,beenabletodoit,theywouldhavelearnedhowitactuallyworks,ratherthanthinkingthattheyfollowcircuitdiagramsandcantdoit.sogoodinterpretationismoreaboutthingsthatarebodgedandstuffedandofmyworld,right?andthingsthat--wherethereisntanextrabarrierofapieceofglassormachinedtitanium,anditalllooksfantastic,ok?

我举一个例子，离这里很近，旧金山探究馆在那里全部的东西，展现品之类的都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的都可以动手玩，孩子们可以用心玩好好体验我知道麻省理工毕业生以及伦敦帝国学院毕业生手上有电池电线点亮灯泡的话他们会明白其中的原理而不是觉得他们照着电路图来做是做不到的好的教学方法不是沉溺沉醉在自己世界里对吧?那些东西也不该被隔着用玻璃或是钛制品隔开看起来很美丽就好，好吗?

andtheexploratoriumdoesthatreally,reallywell.anditsamateur,butamateurinthebestsense,inotherwords,therootofthewordbeingofloveandpassion.

旧金山探究馆在这点做得特别好看上去很业余，但业余得很对头也就是说，根本的动身点是出自爱和热忱

so,childrenarenotemptyvessels,ok?so,asmontypythonwouldhaveit,thisisabitlordprivysealtosayso,butthisis--childrenarenotemptyvessels.

所以，孩童不是空瓶子用“巨蟒剧团”的说法就是有点像英国掌玺大臣会说的意思是说孩童不是空无一物的瓶子

theycomewiththeirownideasandtheirowntheories,andunlessyouworkwiththose,thenyouwontbeabletoshiftthem,right?

他们生来就有自己的想法和理念假如你没从这些地方着手，就转变不了他们对吧?

andiprobablyhaventshiftedyourideasofhowtheworldanduniverseoperates,either.butthisapplies,equally,tomattersoftryingtosellnewtechnology.

我也许没有转变大家的想法对于世界和宇宙究竟如何运作不过这些道理同样可以用在推销新科技上也

forexample,weare,inbritain,weretryingtodoadigitalswitchoverofthewholepopulationintodigitaltechnology[fortelevision].

例如，在英国，我们试着把全部的电视都换成新科技的数位电视

anditsoneofthedifficultthingsisthatwhenpeoplehavepreconceptionsofhowitallworks,itsquitedifficulttoshiftthose.

有个难题是人们对事物运作的方式一旦有了成见就很难去转变

sowerenotemptyvessels;thementalmodelsthatwehaveaschildrenpersistintoadulthood.poorteachingactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.

我们不是空瓶子，我们保有心智模式从幼年到成年始终都存在不良的教学是弊多于利

inthiscountryandinbritain,magnetismisunderstoodbetterbychildrenbeforetheyvebeentoschoolthanafterwards,ok?sameforgravity,twoconcepts,soits--whichisquitehumbling,asa,youknow,ifyoureateacher,andyoulookbeforeandafter,thatsquiteworrying.theydoworseintestsafterwards,aftertheteaching.

在美国和英国，在磁力学问上孩童在就学前学得比较好重力学问也一样，两个不同概念，这实在可悲假如你是个老师，观察受教前和受教后的差别实在令人忧心，学童在受教后考得更差

andwecollude.wedesigntests,oratleastinbritain,sothatpeoplepassthem.right?andgovernmentsdoverywell.theypatthemselvesontheback.ok?

我们都是共犯，我们设计测验方式至少在英国是这样，好让人们能通过考试政府也帮了不少忙，他们推波助澜懂吗?

wecollude,andactuallyifyou--ifsomeonehaddesignedatestformewheniwasdoingmybiologyexams,toreallyunderstand,toseewhetheridunderstoodmorethanjustkindofputtingstarchandiodinetogetherandseeingitgoblue,andreallyunderstoodthatplantstooktheirmassoutoftheair,thenimighthavedonebetteratscience.sothemostimportantthingistogetpeopletoarticulatetheirmodels.

我们都是共犯假如有人替我设计测验在我要考生物的时候让我能真正明白，明白我是否真的懂了不是只在淀粉中加入碘液看着反应呈现蓝色而且能真正明白植物是从空气中健壮的我的科学可能就会学得比较好所以，最重要的是要让人们能表述清晰他们的模型

yourhomeworkis--youknow,howdoesanaircr