高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解专题专练 专题19 词义猜测体验高考

第二部分阅读理解专题十九词义猜测Passage1(·江西，A)Thelightfromthecampfirebrightenedthedarkness，butitcouldnotpreventthedampcoldofDennis'sSwamp(沼泽地)creepingintotheirbones.Itwasastrangeplace.MartinandTomwishedthattheyhadnotacceptedJack'sdare.Theylikedcamping，butnotnearthisswamp.“So，”Martinaskedastheysatwatchingthehotcoals.“Howdidthisplacegetitsname？”“Areyousureyouwanttohearit?It'sascarystory，”warnedJack.“Ofcourse！”criedoutTom.“Iftherewereanythingtobescaredof，youwouldn'thavechosenthisplace！”“OK，butdon'tsayIdidn'twarnyou，”saidJack，andhebeganthistale.“Waybackintime，amancalledDennistriedtostartafarmhere.Hebuiltthatcottageovertheretolivein.Inthosedays，thearealookedquitedifferent—itwascoveredwithtalltreesandtheswampwasacrystal­clearriver.Afterthreehardyears，Dennishadclearedseveralfieldsandplantedcrops.Hewassoproudofhissuccessthatherefusedtolistentoadvice.”“‘Youareclearingtoomuchland，'warnedoneoldman.‘Thelandisalivingthing.Itwillhitbackatyouifyouabuseit.'”“‘Sillyfool，'saidDennistohimself.‘IfIclearmoreland，Icangrowmorecrops.I'llbecomewealthier.He'sjustjealous！'”“Denniscontinuedtochopdowntrees.Smallanimalsthatreliedonthemforfoodandshelterweredestroyed.Hewassoeagertoexpandhisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.Hedidnotnoticesaltseepingtothesurfaceoftheland.Hedidnotnoticeswampplantschokingallthenativeplants.”“Whathappened？”Martinasked.Itwasgrowingcolder.Hetrembled，twistinghisbodyclosertothefire.“Thelandhitback—justastheoldmanwarned，”Jackshrugged.“Dennisdisappeared.Oldfolksaroundherebelievethatswampplantsmovedupfromtheriveranddraggedhimunderwater.Hisbodywasneverfound.”“Whatastupidstory，”laughedTom.“Plantscan't...”Beforehehadfinishedspeaking，hescreamedandfainted(晕倒)．Theothertwoboysjumpedupwithfright，staringatTom.Suddenly，theyburstoutlaughing.Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom'sface.ItwasawhilebeforeTomcouldappreciatethejoke.1．Theunderlinedword“dare”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A．courage B．assistanceC．instruction D．challenge解析词义猜测题。通过对上下文的理解可知，他们接受了Jack的挑战，而来到这片沼泽地。答案D2．WhydidJacktellTomandMartinthestory?A．Tofrightenthem.B．Tosatisfytheircuriosity.C．Towarnthemofthedangeroftheplace.D．Topersuadethemtocampintheswamp.解析细节理解题。由第二、四段可知，Martin和Tom对沼泽地名字的由来感到很好奇。答案B3．WhydidDennisignorethewarningoftheoldman?A．Theoldmanenviedhim.B．Theoldmanwasfoolish.C．Hewastoobusytolistentoothers.D．Hewasgreedyformorecrops.解析细节理解题。根据“IfIclearmoreland，Icangrowmorecrops.I'llbecomewealthier.He'sjustjealous！”可知，Dennis认为，开垦更多的土地，就能种植更多的庄稼，他就会变得更加富有。因此，D项正确。答案D4．WhydidTomscreamandfaint?A．HesawDennis'sshadow.B．Hewasscaredbyaplant.C．Hisfriendsplayedajokeonhim.D．Theweatherbecameextremelycold.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom'sface.”可知B项正确。答案B5．WhatlessoncanwelearnfromthestoryofDennis?A．Graspall，loseall.B．Nosweat，nosweet.C．Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.D．Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.解析推理判断题。从Dennis的故事中，我们得到的教训是：贪多必失。答案APassage2(·山东，D)Sparrowisafast­foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago，thegrouptowhichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining，thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast­foodconceptsreachingthemarket，theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse，itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.SparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyearsuntilanewCEO，CarlPearson，decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey，whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain，whilecustomersofotherfast­foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain'sownernowfavoredrebrandingSparrowasMarcy'srestaurants.Pearsonresisted，arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess，ratherthancustomers'spendingpower.Finally，theowneracceptedhisidea.Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast­foodindustry.TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct，theintentionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.Forexample，heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover.(营业额)Theseeffortspaidoff，andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast­foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated.【语篇解读】本文讲述了一个快餐公司在濒临倒闭的情况下，在CarlPearson的带领下重新焕发生机的故事。6．WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?A．Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining.B．Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy.C．Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport.D．Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed.解析细节理解题。根据原文“Andtomakemattersworse，itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.”可知，公司急需的是资金，故C项正确。答案C7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A．CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B．Sparrowrestaurants.C．Customersofotherfast­foodchains.D．Otherfast­foodchains.解析猜测词义题。根据原文“Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast­foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem...”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turnawayfrom表示“从……处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。答案D8．ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?A．Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic.B．TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow.C．Tolearnaboutcustomers'spendingpower.D．TomeetthechallengefromMarcy'srestaurants.解析推理判断题。根据原文“...Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime....”可以得知“……公司想建立跟大众的友好关系。”故正确答案A。答案A9．TheTVadsofSparrow.A．changedpeople'sviewsonpopstarsB．amusedthepublicwithoriginalsongsC．focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproductsD．influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience解析推理判断题。根据原文第四段，“Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct”，“TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.”所以得出正确答案B；A和D选项未涉及。答案B10．WhatwasPearson'sachievementasaCEO?A．HemanagedtopayoffSparrow'sdebts.B．HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive.C．HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompany.D．HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees.解析主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段，“theireffortspaidoff”意为“他们的努力得到了回报”，Sparrow不久成为该地区最成功的快餐店之一。所以正确答案是B;C选项和D选项未涉及。答案BPassage3(·天津，D)Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimoracreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim，theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad，andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems，thusinternalizing(内化)yourvictimization.Thetruthis，yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives，buttheydon'tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses，yettheydon'tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens，theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities，yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger，guilt，andotheremotionsthatcauseothers—andeventhemselves—tofeellikevictims，too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove，inspiration，andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves，butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality，allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.Oneperson，onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship，mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths，years，orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief，thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance，youcanchoosetohaveafuller，richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin，andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.【语篇解读】本文为议论文，题材为社会文化类。生活不是一帆风顺的，你会无数次地面对究竟做生活的牺牲品还是创造者的抉择。生活的牺牲者沉溺于愤怒、愧疚之中，而生活的创造者会选择截然不同的生活态度。11．Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph1probablyreferto?A．Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B．Opportunitiesandproblems.C．Creatorsandtheirchoices.D．Victimsandtheirsufferings.解析猜测词义题。根据第一段第三句中．..didthings及第四句的arewrongandbad可知此处they意为：周围的人和事。答案A12．AccordingtoParagraph2，creators.A．seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB．possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC．handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD．havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew解析推理判断题。本段告诉我们：生活的创造者承认自己的弱点，但当失败的时候他们不会责备自己；暴风雨是成长历程中的重要部分。由此可知，生活的创造者能够明智地解决生活中的盛衰沉浮。答案C13．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Creatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinlife.B．Creatorsandvictimsaremastersoftheirlives.C．Victimscaninfluencemorepeoplethancreators.D．Comparedwithvictims，creatorsaremoreemotional.解析推理判断题。第三段告诉我们：生活的牺牲品和生活的创造者面对同样的境况时，他们会有截然不同的态度及做法，所以选B：他们是自己生活的主人。答案B14．TheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat.A．strongattachmenttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintovictimsB．peopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengesinlifeC．ittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirpainsD．one'sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife解析推理判断题。通过讲述面对失去工作或一种特殊关系时，一些人的态度和做法，告诉我们：沉湎于生活中的不幸能使一些人成为牺牲品，所以A项正确。答案A15．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Todefinevictimsandcreators.B．Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators.C．Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators.D．Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators.解析主旨大意题。全文讲述了生活的创造者和生活的牺牲品对待生活的不同态度及做法，并告诉我们：生活的自主选择权就在我们手中，做出不同的选择就会过不同的生活。答案DPassage4(·江西，C)BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople(ages7－17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married，single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors：someonetotrust，tohavefunwith，totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself­respect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwell­knownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch.Emilyisa10­year­oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.”Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback(反馈)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherself­worth.”Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogram.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful，happyanduniquegirlsheis!【语篇解读】本文为说明文，属于社会生活类。文章介绍了一项针对青少年心理问题而开展的志愿者活动。16．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersB