2025版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时作业16Unit4Exploringpoetry牛津译林版选择性必修第一册

课时作业(十六)选择性必修第一册Unit4ExploringpoetryⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·泉州市中学毕业班质量监测(一)]OnJuly14,2017,MaryamMirzakhani,StanfordprofessorofmathematicsandthefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics,diedattheageof40.Thenewswasespeciallyhard­hittingforagenerationofyoungeracademicswhohavealwaysheldMaryamasarolemodelwhoseexampleishelpingredefinewomen'sstatusinscienceandespeciallyinmathematics.WhatwasfunwasthatMaryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia'sspotlight.Despitebeingthefirstwomantogainsuchhighstatusintheworldofmathematics—winningwhat'softencalledthe“NobelPrizeofMath”—hermodesty(虚心)andsimplicitystoodouttothosewhoknewher.Maryamoriginallywantedtobeawriter,apassionofhersthatneverfadedawayevenduringherpostgraduatestudies.However,shefoundanevengreaterjoyinhowrewardingitfelttosolvemathematicalproblems.Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran'snationalteamtoparticipateintheInternationalMathematicalOlympiad(IMO),andshewontwogoldmedalsintwoyears,whichisstillarecord.Shereceivedherbachelor'sdegreeinIranandlaterstudiedatHarvard.In2014,MaryamwasrecognizedwiththeFieldsMedal,thehighest­rankingawardinmathematics.Herworkfocusedoncurvedsurfaceslikespheres(球体).Herachievementshaveapplicationsinotherscientificfieldsincludingengineeringandmaterialscience.Unfortunately,atthattimeshewasalreadytacklingthebreastcancer.Maryam'slegend(传奇故事)maycontinuetogrowafterherearlydeath.Stillonly20percentoffull­timemathteachersatU.S.universitiesarewomen.Theexampleofawomanwhorosetothetopofthisstillverymalefieldmayhelpinspiremath'snextgeneration.InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers,MaryamMirzakhaniwillgodowninhistoryasatrailblazeraswellasamathematicalgenius.1．WhatmakesMaryaminternationallyrecognized?A．Herunfadingpassionforwriting.B．Fightingagainstsexualdiscrimination.C．BeingthefirstfemaleFieldsMedalwinner.D.Comingunderthemedia'sspotlightfrequently.2．What'sMaryam'sattitudetowardsfame?A．Resistant.B．Realistic.C．Enthusiastic.D．Doubtful.3．WhatcanweknowaboutMaryam?A．ShewongoldmedalsforIraninIMO.B．Shegotherbachelor'sdegreeatHarvard.C．Sheappliedmathematicstomaterialscience.D.Sheinstructedsomefemalestudentstoreachthetop.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trailblazer”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Talent.B．Model.C．Follower.D．Pioneer.B[2024·湖北省新高考联盟第一次质量监测]Thetop­sellingalbum(音乐专辑)SongsoftheHumpbackWhalewasreleasedin1970.Thiscollectionofnaturerecordingschangedthewaymanypeoplethoughtaboutwhalesandeventuallyhelpedsavethousandsofwhales'lives.Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforaUSNavyengineernamedFrankWatlington.Inthe1950s,Watlingtonwasmakingunderwaterrecordingswhenhenoticedsomestrange,deepsounds,whichherealizedwerecomingfromwhales.WatlingtonplayedtherecordingsforapairofbiologistsnamedRogerPayneandKatyPayne.Whentheylistened,theywereinstantlyfascinatedbythebeautyofthewhales'voices.KatyPaynestudiedmusicaswellasbiology,andshewasamazedbyhowthewhalescommunicatelikeanoperasinger.Shealsonoticedanotherinterestingdetail:Theyhadrecognizablepatterns.Inbiologyterms,ananimalcallwitharepeatingpatterniscalledasong.Thesongsofwhalesaresocomplexthatsomescientistshaveevencomparedthemtocomposersandpoets.ThePaynesthoughtthatotherpeopleneededtohearthebeautyofthewhales'songs,soRogerorganizedtherecordingsintoanalbum.Atthetimewhenthealbumcameout,whaleswereoftenhuntedandtradedformoneyandsomewhalespeciesweredyingout.Mostpeoplehadneverthoughtofwhalesascreaturesthatcouldcommunicatethroughsongs.Butafterhearingthealbum,manypeoplebegantothinkdifferently.ThealbumledpeopletostarttheSavetheWhalesmovement.Musiciansbeganusingwhalesongsintheirmusic,andwhaleswereincludedinmoviesandtelevisionshows.In1986,thedeep­seawhalingwasbanned.Itmightseemincrediblethatjustonealbumcouldhelpsavethelivesofsomanywhales.Butthisone­of­a­kindalbumrevealedsecretslonghiddenbeneaththewavesandallowedtheseamazingcreaturestofinallysharetheirsongswiththehumanworld.5．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocallonpeopletosavewhales.B．Toprovethatwhalesarebornsingers.C．Toexplainhowagoodalbumwasmade.D．Tointroduceapopularalbumanditsstories.6．Whofirstfoundthespecialvoicesofthewhales?A．Asongrecorder.B．Anoperasinger.C．AUSNavyengineer.D．Apairofbiologists.7．WhatsurprisedKatyPayneaboutthewhales?A．Theycouldtalkwithscientists.B．Theycouldsinglikeanoperasinger.C．Theycouldrepeatinterestingsounds.D．Theycouldcommunicatethroughsongs.8．Whichisoneofthevaluesofthealbum?A．Itsuccessfullystoppeddeep­seawhaling.B．Ithelpedpeopleunderstandwhalesbetter.C．Itmadesomemusicandmoviestarspopular.D.Itencouragedmusicianstoworkwithscientists.[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.阅读七选五[2024·泰安市高三期中]Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.__1__Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell­being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said,“__2__”Whilesheadmitstherearen'tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.__3__Anotherstudyfoundmiddle­agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.__4__Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.Italsohelpstoaskyourselfiftherearepartsofyouridentitythatfeelrestricted.However,makingfriendsinadulthoodisn'talwayseasy.Researchshowspeoplestrugglewithitbecausetheyfinditdifficulttotrustnewpeopleandbecausetheyaresimplyshortoftime.Forthosereasons,itisofteneasiertostartbyrestartingoldrelationships.Takeactionanddon'tassumethatfriendshipsjusthappenorganically.__5__Dr.Hall'sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.Quantityandqualitygohand­in­hand.Yourpersonalityandthecharacteristicsofyourlifearegoingtomakeadifference,sotrytomakesomeclosefriends.A．Friendshipisveryimportanttopeople.B．Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends?C．Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.D．Whatdoyouneedtomakemorefriends?E．Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.F．Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.G．Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空2024witnessesthe350thanniversaryofRongBaoZhai.Thebadge(徽章)forRongBaoZhaiusestheChinese1.________(character)of“three”，“five”and“zero”.Thecharacter“three”isshapedlikeabook,2.________representsthelonghistoricaltraditionofRongBaoZhai.“Five”representstheinterweavingofYinandYang,andthecircleof“zero”meanseternityandhopeinthefuture.RongBaoZhai3.________(locate)inBeijing.Itswoodblockprintingskillwaslistedinthefirstbatchofnational­levelintangible(非物质的)4.________(culture)heritagebytheStateCouncilofPRC.Thetechniqueis5.________collectionofpainting,engravingandprintingasawhole.Itcanbeemployed6.________(create)artworksand7.________(realistic)reproduceallkindsofChinesecalligraphyandpaintings.Amongthefamousprints8.________(be)“NightRevelsofHanXizai”.Theproductiontook8years,usingover1，600woodblocksandover6，000timesofoverprinting,markingthedevelopmentofthepeakofwoodblockprinting.RongBaoZhaipaysspecialattentiontocollectingandprotectingartworks.IthascollectedthousandsofworksfromYuan,MingandQingdynasties,andishonored9.________“tinyPalaceMuseum”.Overtheyears,thebrandhasalsoheldvariousexhibitionsandinternationalartexchanges,10.________(become)awindowofChinesetraditionalculturetotheworld.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时作业(十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——人物故事——女性数学天才【语篇解读】文章介绍了英年早逝的数学天才、斯坦福高校数学教授、首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主MaryamMirzakhani对数学的贡献及其影响，她将作为开路先锋和数学天才被载入史册。1．答案与解析：C理解详细信息。依据文章第一段中的“thefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics”可知，Mirzakhani作为首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主而得到国际上的认可，故选项C正确。2．答案与解析：A理解详细信息。依据其次段中的“WhatwasfunwasthatMaryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia'sspotlight”可知，Mirzakhani对声誉持抵制看法，故选项A正确。3．答案与解析：A理解详细信息。依据第三段中的“Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran'snationalteam...intwoyears”可知，MaryamMirzakhani为伊朗国家队在两年内赢得两枚国际数学奥林匹克竞赛金牌，故选项A正确。4．答案与解析：D理解词汇。明题意：本题问“最终一段中画线词trailblazer的意思是什么？”→寻线索：最终一段中的“InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers”意为“就像人们认为玛丽·居里或简·古道尔是科学先驱一样”，由此可推知画线词trailblazer意为“先驱”。→定答案：A项“天才”，B项“典范”，C项“追随者”，D项“先驱”。故选D。句中Inthesameway是做题的关键，意为“以同样的方式”。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——爱护动物——《座头鲸之歌》的制作和作用【语篇解读】本文主要讲解并描述了《座头鲸之歌》背后的制作故事，并讲解并描述了该专辑帮助挽救了许多鲸鱼的生命。5．答案与解析：D理解目的。依据第一段“Thetop­sellingalbum(音乐专辑)...whales'lives”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了畅销专辑《座头鲸之歌》及其制作故事，故D项正确。6．答案与解析：C理解详细信息。依据其次段中的“Thealbummightneverhavebeenmadeifithadn'tbeenforaUSNavyengineernamedFrankWatlington”可知，海军工程师FrankWatlington是第一个发觉鲸鱼的特别声音的人，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：D理解详细信息。依据第四段中的“shewasamazedbyhowthewhalescommunicatelikeanoperasinger”和“ananimalcallwitharepeatingpatterniscalledasong”可知，KatyPayne对于鲸鱼可以通过歌声沟通感到惊异。8．答案与解析：B理解详细信息。依据最终一段中的“thisone­of­a­kindalbum...theirsongswiththehumanworld”可知，该专辑的价值之一在于帮助人们更好地了解鲸鱼，故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们揭露了挚友的重要性，表明白孤独的危害，同时道出了成年后交挚友并不总是那么简单的缘由。1．答案与解析：E上文“Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.”在讲解并描述美国的友情始终在衰退；下文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell­being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.”在讲解并描述友情的好处；选项E讲解并描述美国友情衰退这一趋势在加速，因为在疫情期间，人们通常是呆在家里的，这更加不利于友情的发展，故本句承接了上文所述内容，是对上文内容的补充，同时引出下文对于友情重要性的阐述。2．答案与解析：C前文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell­being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.”在讲解并描述友情的重要性，同时提出孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关；上文“Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said”表明白空处是Julianne说的话；选项C在讲解并描述孤独的坏处，与前文所述主旨一样，都意在表明孤独的危害，故选C项。3．答案与解析：G上文“Whilesheadmitstherearen'tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.”在讲解并描述人们拥有3至6个密切挚友可能是最佳选择；下文“Anotherstudyfoundmiddle­agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.”讲解并描述有三个或更多挚友的中年女性往往有更高的满足度；选项G讲解并描述有六个或更多挚友的人身体更健康，与上下文主旨一样，都是对人们究竟该有多少挚友的问题的探讨探讨；故选G项。4．答案与解析：B下文讲解并描述与孤独相关的内容，提到了是不是常常感到被冷落