陕西省韩城市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省韩城市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将〖答案〗标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的〖答案〗转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.₤19.15.B.£9.18.C.₤9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.WhoisNadia?A.Thespeakers’neighbor.B.Thespeakers’daughter.C.Thespeakers’student.2.Whichteamisthemanon?A.Thebasketballteam.B.Thefootballteam.C.Thebaseballteam.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Librarianandreader.C.Bankclerkandcustomer.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.VisitCaroline.B.TourBoston.C.Watchthenews.5.Whenisthetrainleaving?A.At10:15.B.At10:30.C.At10:40.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6、Whenarethespeakersgoingtohavedinnertogether?A.OnWednesdaynight.B.OnThursdaynight.C.OnFridayevening.7.Whowillpickupthewoman?A.Thewoman’sbrother.B.Theman.C.Thewoman’ssister.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthespeakers’mainproblemwiththebooks?A.Thebookscosttoomuch.B.Itisdifficulttofindthebooksinstores.C.Ittakesthemmuchtimetodiscussthebooks.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Buyingthebookswhichwereused.B.BorrowingthebooksfromMr.Green.C.Sharingthecostofthebooksequally.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10WhatwillPeterdonextMonday?A.VisitaChinesefamily.B.InviteaChinesefamilytohavedinner.C.GotoChina.11.WheredoesPetercomefrom?A.America.B.France.C.England.12.WhatdoesthewomanthinkoftakingsomeflowersasagifttotheChinesefamily?A.Itisacceptable.B.Itisthebestchoice.C.Itistootraditional.13.Whatwillthewomandoduringtheholiday?A.VisitherparentsinEngland.B.Visittheman’shometown.C.VisitsomeUScollegeswithherfriend.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14WhatwillEdwardberesponsiblefor?A.Doingonlinemarketing.B.Organizingthemusicians.C.Sendingouttheinvitations.15.Whatisthewomangoingtodofirst?A.Drawtheposters.B.Maketheguestlist.C.Designtheinvitations.16.Whowillbeinchargeofmakingtheroomreservations?ATim.B.John.C.Nancy.17.WhereisNancynow?A.Onatrain.B.Inahotel.C.Inthehospital.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howlongwillthefairlast?A.4days.B.3days.C.2days.19.Whomightbemostinterestedinthetalk?A.ThosewhoenjoylearningEnglish.B.Thosewholikedesigningfurniture.C.Thosewhoworkoncomputers.20.Whatbenefitspeopleinthefair?A.Lotsofjobinformation.B.Freebooksandtickets.C.Goodwaystostudy.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGuernseyInternationalPoetryCompetition—PoemsontheMoveYourpoemcouldbeonshowin2024.Winningentriesaredisplayedintwostages:21buspoemswillbechosen,andthetop9ofthesewilltakepartinasecond,largerexhibition,firstatGuernseyAirport,thenallovertheisland.Howtoenter·Onlinebycompletingtheonlineentryformandpayment,at.·Byemail:PotM@.·Bypost:PoemsontheMove2024,GuernseyLiteraryFestival,POBox174,St.PeterPort,Guernsey,ChannelIslands,UK,GY13LG.Fees·Entriesare£4perpoemor3poemsfor£10.·Feesarenotrefundable.·YoungPeople’sPoetry:Aged11-17,entriesFREERules·Entriesmustbenolongerthan14linesandmustbetypedandfitonasingleA4page.·Pleasedonotwriteyournameorageonthesamesheetasyourpoems.·Entereachpoemonaseparatepageandencloseanotherseparatesheetwithyourname,address,telephonenumber,emailaddress,plusthetitle(s)ofyourpoems.·Entriesmustbeentirelytheworkoftheentrantandmustneverhavebeenpublished,self-published,publishedonanypublicwebsiteorbroadcast,norwinningorplacedinanyothercompetition.·Closingdateforreceiptofentries:February15,2024Theprizeisopentoanyoneexceptthoseinvolvedinorganizingthecompetition.WinnerswillbecontactedbyMarch5,2024.WinningpoemswillbeshownonGuernseybuses,and9ofthesepoemswillbecomepartofthePoemsontheMoveexhibition,fornolessthansixmonths.1.Whatshouldentrantsdo?A.Showtheirpoemsonthebus. B.Delivertheirpoemsinperson.C.StartenteringafterFebruary15,2024. D.Havethepoemstypedasrequested.2.Whatisexpectedoftheentries?A.Theyshouldbeoriginal.B.Theymustbeover14lines.C.Theyshouldbearoundtwopageslong.D.Theymustbepublishedworksonanysite.3.Whoisnotentitledtotheprize?A.Ayoungmanaged16. B.Apoetinvolvedinthecompetition.C.Awriterorganizingthecompetition. D.Ateacherwritingapoem.——★参考答案★——1.D2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格恩西岛国际诗歌比赛的相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。由Rules中“·Entriesmustbenolongerthan14linesandmustbetypedandfitonasingleA4page.(•参赛作品不得超过14行，且必须打印并放在一张A4纸上)”，“·Pleasedonotwriteyournameorageonthesamesheetasyourpoems.(•请不要把你的名字或年龄写在诗的同一张纸上)”和“·Entereachpoemonaseparatepageandencloseanotherseparatesheetwithyourname,address,telephonenumber,emailaddress,plusthetitle(s)ofyourpoems.(•在单独的页面上输入每首诗，并附上另一张单独的表格，其中包含您的姓名、地址、电话号码、电子邮件地址以及诗的标题)”可知，参赛者应该按要求把诗打印出来。故选D项。【2题详析】推理判断题。由Rules中“·Entriesmustbeentirelytheworkoftheentrantandmustneverhavebeenpublished,self-published,publishedonanypublicwebsiteorbroadcast,norwinningorplacedinanyothercompetition.(•参赛作品必须完全是参赛者的作品，不得发表、自行发表、在任何公共网站或广播上发表，也不得在任何其他比赛中获胜或参赛)”可知，参赛作品必须完全是参赛者的作品，不能是已经发表过或参过赛的作品，可得出参赛作品应该是原创的。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。由最后一段中“Theprizeisopentoanyoneexceptthoseinvolvedinorganizingthecompetition.(该奖项对任何人开放，参与组织比赛的人除外)”可知，参与组织比赛的人无权获奖，即组织比赛的作家无权获奖。故选C项。BYouknowthatshortwalktotheshopsandback?It’sabout10minuteseachwayandyoudon’tknowifyoucanbegladtomakethetrip,butthatoneshortwalkcouldsaveyoufromanearlydeath,anewresearchbyCambridgeUniversityshows.Infact,asmanyasoneintenearlydeathscouldbepreventedifeveryonemanagedatleasthalftherecommendedlevelofphysicalactivity.Risksofdiseasessuchasheartdisease,strokes(中风)—whichwereresponsiblefor17.9milliondeathsin2019—andvariouscancersareallreducedwiththissimpleshortwalk.ThiseasylifestylechangewasalsonotedinanearlierstudyinJanuary,2023,soyoureallyshouldgiveitago.Bycarryingoutstudiesamongatotalofover30millionparticipants,thelatestCambridgeresearchfoundthatjust75minutesofexerciseaweekcanreducetheriskofcancerby7%.Itwasalsoenoughtoreducetheriskofdevelopingcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseby17%.ProfessorJamesWoodcockfromtheMRCEpidemiologyUnitsaid,“Weknowthatphysicalactivity,suchaswalkingorcycling,isgoodforyou,especiallyifyoufeelitraisesyourheartrate.Butwhatwe’vefoundisthattherearemanybenefitstohearthealthandreducingyourriskofcancerevenifyoucanonlymanage10minuteseveryday.”Itgoeswithoutsayingthatdoingtherecommended150minutesperweekismorebeneficialthanjust75minutes.Aroundoneinsixearlydeathswouldbepreventedwiththetwoplushoursofexercise,while11%ofcasesofcardiovasculardiseaseand5%ofcasesofcancerwouldbeavoided.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Bootsweremadeforwalking.4.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thesimplicityofashortwalk. B.Thereasonforpeople’sdeath.C.Thechangeinpeople’slifestyle. D.Thebenefitsofdoingexercise.5.WhatdoProfessorJamesWoodcock’swordsmean?A.Walkingcanalwaysraisepeople’sheartrate.B.Peopleneedatleast75minutes’exerciseaday.C.10minutes’exerciseadaycanmakeadifference.D.Physicalactivityisnotthatnecessaryforpeople.6.Howdoestheauthormainlysupporthisideainthetext?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Bytellingstories.C.Bydescribingtheprocesses. D.Byquotingfamoussayings.7.Wherecanyoureadthepassage?A.Inasciencefiction. B.Inahealthmagazine.C.Inageographybook. D.Onawebsiteforlanguagelearning.——★参考答案★——4.D5.C6.A7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是短暂的散步对健康的益处，以及科学研究对此的证实。【4题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Risksofdiseasessuchasheartdisease,strokes—whichwereresponsiblefor17.9milliondeathsperyearin2019—andvariouscancersareallreducedwiththissimpleshortwalk.(心脏病、中风（2019年每年导致1790万人死亡）和各种癌症等疾病的风险都可以通过这种简单的短途行走来降低。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是短暂的散步这一运动的好处。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中JamesWoodcock教授的话“Weknowthatphysicalactivity,suchaswalkingorcycling,isgoodforyou,especiallyifyoufeelitraisesyourheartrate.Butwhatwe’vefoundisthattherearemanybenefitstohearthealthandreducingyourriskofcancerevenifyoucanonlymanage10minuteseveryday.(我们知道，像走路或骑自行车这样的体育活动对你有好处，特别是如果你觉得它能提高你的心率。但我们发现，即使你每天只能做10分钟的运动，也有许多对心脏健康和降低癌症风险的好处。)”可推知，每天10分钟的运动就可以带来改变。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Risksofdiseasessuchasheartdisease,strokes—whichwereresponsiblefor17.9milliondeathsperyearin2019—andvariouscancersareallreducedwiththissimpleshortwalk.(我们知道，像走路或骑自行车这样的体育活动对你有好处，特别是如果你觉得它能提高你的心率。但我们发现，即使你每天只能做10分钟的运动，也有许多对心脏健康和降低癌症风险的好处。)”和第三段“just75minutesofexerciseaweekcanreducetheriskofcancerby7%.Itwasalsoenoughtoreducetheriskofdevelopingcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseby17%.(每周只需75分钟的锻炼就可以将癌症的风险降低7%。它还足以将发展心血管疾病的风险降低17%。)”以及最后一段“Itgoeswithoutsayingthatdoingtherecommended150minutesperweekismorebeneficialthanjust75minutes.Aroundoneinsixearlydeathswouldbepreventedwiththetwoplushoursofexercise,while11%ofcasesofcardiovasculardiseaseand5%ofcasesofcancerwouldbeavoided.(不用说，每周锻炼150分钟比仅仅锻炼75分钟更有益。大约六分之一的早期死亡可以通过两个多小时的锻炼来避免，而11%的心血管疾病和5%的癌症病例可以避免。)”可知，作者主要是通过列数字支持他的观点的。故选A项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据全文主要内容及文章最后一段“Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Bootsweremadeforwalking.(那你还在等什么？靴子是用来走路的。)”可以推断，作者写该篇文章的目的是建议人们进行锻炼，并建议人们马上付诸行动，故该篇文章可以在健康杂志中找到。故选B。CHistoricalaccountsoftendescribedthenow-extinctCaliforniagrizzlybearsashugebeastsreadytoattackhumansandlivestockatanytime.Butaccordingtoanewpaper,scientistssaythetruthmighthavebeenlessdramatic:Thebearsateamostlyvegetariandietandweresmallerthanpreviouslydescribed.CaliforniagrizzlybearsonceroamedintheGoldenState.ButEuropeansettlersoftenhunted,poisonedandtrappedthecreatures.Overtime,becauseofthesehumanactivities,theCaliforniagrizzlypopulationdeclined.ThelastreliablesightingofaCaliforniagrizzlybearoccurred100yearsagoin1924,andtheanimalsdisappearedcompletelysometimeafterthat.Researcherswantedtogetabetterunderstandingofthefactorsthatacceleratedthebears’extinction.Theyalsohopedtogainmoreinsightintothecreatures’behavior,sizeanddiet.Todoso,theyturnedtodocumentsandCaliforniagrizzlyspecimensinnaturalhistorycollections.Theymeasuredtheanimals’skullsandteethandanalyzedtheirbonesandpelts.TheresearchersfoundthatCaliforniagrizzlybearsweremuchsmallerthanthe2,000poundsoftenreportedatthetime.Historicalaccountsmightnotnecessarilyhavebeenwrong,buttheymighthaveonlyincludedthelargestbears.Inaddition,analysesoftheanimals’bonesandskinssuggestthebearswereprimarilyeatingplants,whichstandsincontrasttotheirfearsomehypercarnivorous(超级食肉的)reputation.“Thebearslikelyincreasedmeatconsumptionduetolandscapechangescoupledwiththearrivaloflivestock,”saysstudyco-authorAlexisMychajliw.However,researchersfoundtheanimalsstillateamajorityvegetariandietandkilledfarlesslivestockthanhistoricalaccountssuggested.Bydiggingbeyondthebears’reputation,theresearchersgainedamoreaccurateunderstandingoftheCaliforniagrizzly’sbiologyandnaturalhistory.Andsincescientistsandlandmanagersoftenrelyonhistoricalaccountswhenreintroducinganimalstotheirformerhabitats,thestudyservesasareminderthatthoseoldnewspapersandjournalsdonottellthewholestory.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“roamed”inparagraph1mean?A.Disappeared. B.Declined. C.Fought. D.Wandered.9.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoveraboutCaliforniagrizzlybears?A.Theymainlyfedonlivestock.B.Theirdietconsistedmostlyofplants.C.Theyateabalanceddietofplantsandmeat.D.Theabsenceoflivestockchangedtheirdietaryhabit.10.Whatcanwelearnabouthistoricalaccountsofanimalsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyareunique. B.Theyareone-sided.C.Theyareaccurate. D.Theyarecomprehensive.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThenaturalhabitatsofCaliforniagrizzlybears.B.TheextinctionprocessofCaliforniagrizzlybears.C.TherevealofthetruthofCaliforniagrizzlybears.D.ThesignificanceofthearrivalofCaliforniagrizzlybears.——★参考答案★——8.D9.B10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小，因此对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的，不完全的。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下句“ButEuropeansettlersoftenhunted,poisonedandtrappedthecreatures.Overtime,becauseofthesehumanactivities,theCaliforniagrizzlypopulationdeclined.(但欧洲殖民者经常猎杀、毒死和诱捕这些生物。随着时间的推移，由于这些人类活动，加州灰熊的数量下降了)”可知，加州灰熊曾经数量很多，随处游荡。由此猜测roamed意为“游荡”，与wandered同义。故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inaddition,analysesoftheanimals’bonesandskinssuggestthebearswereprimarilyeatingplants,whichstandsincontrasttotheirfearsomehypercarnivorous(超级食肉的)reputation.(此外，对动物骨骼和皮肤的分析表明，熊主要以植物为食，这与它们可怕的超级食肉动物的名声形成了对比)”可知，研究发现灰熊主要以植物为食。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bydiggingbeyondthebears’reputation,theresearchersgainedamoreaccurateunderstandingoftheCaliforniagrizzly’sbiologyandnaturalhistory.Andsincescientistsandlandmanagersoftenrelyonhistoricalaccountswhenreintroducinganimalstotheirformerhabitats,thestudyservesasareminderthatthoseoldnewspapersandjournalsdonottellthewholestory.(通过深入研究灰熊的名声，研究人员对加州灰熊的生物学和自然历史有了更准确的了解。由于科学家和土地管理者在将动物重新引入它们以前的栖息地时经常依赖于历史记录，这项研究提醒人们，那些旧报纸和期刊并没有讲述整个故事)”推知，对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的，并不完整和准确。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Historicalaccountsoftendescribedthenow-extinctCaliforniagrizzlybearsashugebeastsreadytoattackhumansandlivestockatanytime.Butaccordingtoanewpaper,scientistssaythetruthmighthavebeenlessdramatic:Thebearsateamostlyvegetariandietandweresmallerthanpreviouslydescribed.(历史记载经常将现已灭绝的加利福尼亚灰熊描述为随时准备攻击人类和牲畜的巨大野兽。但根据一篇新的论文，科学家们说真相可能没有那么戏剧性：这些熊主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小)”可知，文章主要介绍研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小。故选C。DInordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.Therobot,whichiscalled“AIchemist”,usedamachinelearningmodeltofindacompoundthatcouldigniteanoxygen-producingchemicalreactiononMars.Thecompound,knownasacatalyst(催化剂),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(陨石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.Mars’atmospherecontainsonlytraceamountsofoxygen.Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadacompositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)deter-mineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.“OntheEarth,wedon’tusethesesixelements,”YiLuo,aco-authorofthestudysays.“Theyarenotthebestchoicesforcatalysts,butit’sonlywhatyou’vegotonMars.”Withitschosencatalyst,thesystemcouldproduceoxygenfromtheMartianmaterialsataround-37℃,demonstratingthechemicalreactioncouldbepossibleonthecoldMartiansurface.Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.12.Whatinspiredthescientiststodesigntherobotthatcouldextractoxygen?A.SurvivingontheEarth. B.TripstoMars.C.TravelingontheMoon. D.Watershortage.13.WhatisthebasisofextractingoxygenonMars?A.TheexistenceofwaterandcatalystonMars. B.TheoxygenthatMars’atmospherecontains.C.Thescientists’previousstudyonmeteorites.D.Thelowcostof“AIchemist”.14.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thefindingofsixelements. B.Theadvantagesoftherobots.C.Theprocessofproducingoxygen. D.Theformationofthemeteorites.15.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowards“AIchemist”?A.Doubtful. B.Unclear. C.Favorable. D.Indifferent.——★参考答案★——12.B13.A14.C15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。为了在火星之旅中生存下来，人类需要氧气。现在，一组科学家设计了一种机器人，可以从红色星球上的水中提取氧气。文章主要介绍了这种可以提取氧气的机器人。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“InordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.(为了在火星之旅中生存下来，人类需要氧气。现在，一组科学家设计了一种机器人，可以从红色星球上的水中提取氧气)”可知，去火星旅行启发了科学家们设计出可以提取氧气的机器人。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thecompound,knownasacatalyst(催化剂),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(陨石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.(这种化合物被称为催化剂，完全由火星陨石中的元素制成——这意味着，如果这样的系统能够可靠地工作，太空旅行者将不需要携带氧气，甚至不需要制造氧气所需的催化剂)”以及第三段“Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.(但科学家们已经发现了火星南部冰盖下存在液态水的证据。为了创造可呼吸的气体，研究人员希望找到一种方法，利用火星上发现的材料将这些水分解成氢和氧分子)”可知，在火星上提取氧气的基础是火星上存在水和催化剂。故选A。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadacompositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)deter-mineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.(他们的机器人分析了五颗陨石，这些陨石要么来自火星，要么与火星表面的成分相似。利用激光，它在样品中发现了大量的铁、镍、钙、镁、铝和锰。根据这六种元素，机器人的算法确定它可以产生超过370万个可能的分子，在火星上分解水并形成氧气。根据研究人员的说法，从这个广泛的列表中找到最好的一个需要大约2000年的人类劳动，但对于人工智能化学家来说，只花了几周的时间)”可知，第四段主要讲了产生氧气的过程。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.(值得注意的是，机器人能够完成整个过程——分析岩石样本，识别最可能的催化剂，并在没有人工干预的情况下生产)”可知，作者对“AI化学家”是支持态度。故选C。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Savingtheenvironmentmightseemlikeatallorder,butlivinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeisactuallyquiteeasy.Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanmakeadifference.____16____Recycle.Recyclingisasimplestlifestyletolowertheamountofenvironmentalwaste.____17____Checktheregulationstoensureyouusethemproperly.Forinstance,someplacesmayno:acceptglass,whileothersmightrequireyoutoseparatethedifferentmaterials.Ifyoudisposeofsomethingimproperly,thewholeloadwilllikelyberejectedandendupinalandfill.Buylocallysourcedfoods.____18____Shippingproductsbytruck,rail,flight,orboatcreatespollutionandgoesagainstanenvironmentallyfriendlylifestyle.Instead,shopatlocalfarmers’marketsandgrocerystoresstockinglocally-sourcedproducts.Alternatively,usecommunity-supportedservicestogetfreshproduceregularly.Cutbackondriving.Applyingalternateformsoftransportationconsumeslessgasoline.Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible.Ifthatisn’tanoption,considerorganizingcarpoolsorusingpublictransportation.____19____Also,combinemultipletripsintoonetohelpminimizethedistancetraveledandfuelconsumed.____20____Advocacyallowsmorepeopletocreateapositiveimpact.Spreadthewordaboutenvironmentalconservationbysharingsomeofthelifestylechangesyou’vemadeonsocialmediaandinconversationswithpeoplearound,callingoneverybodytoplayarole.A.Cutbackyourcarbonfootprint.B.Encourageotherstohelpsavetheenvironment.C.Bydoingthis,youhelpreducetrafficjamsandtheoverallamountofgasolineconsumption.D.Everyresidentcangetinvolvedbytakingadvantageofnearbyrecyclingservices.E.Thetopicofpreservingnaturalresourcesentertainseveryone.F.Eatingfresh,localfoodconsumeslessfuelandpackagingmaterials.G.Readonforsomepracticaltipsonhowasingleindividualcanhelpsavetheenvironment.——★参考答案★——16.G17.D18.F19.C20.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就个人如何帮助拯救环境提出了一些建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Savingtheenvironmentmightseemlikeatallorder,butlivinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeisactuallyquiteeasy.Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanmakeadifference.(拯救环境似乎是一项艰巨的任务，但过一种环保的生活其实很容易。只要改变一些小的生活方式，你就能有所作为)”结合后文主要提出了一些环境保护的建议。故G选项“继续读下去，你会得到一些关于个人如何帮助拯救环境的实用建议。”符合语境，故选G。【17题详析】根据后文“Checktheregulationstoensureyouusethemproperly.Forinstance,someplacesmayno:acceptglass,whileothersmightrequireyoutoseparatethedifferentmaterials.Ifyoudisposeofsomethingimproperly,thewholeloadwilllikelyberejectedandendupinalandfill.(检查规则，确保你正确使用它们。例如，有些地方可能不接受玻璃，而另一些地方可能要求你把不同的材料分开。如果你处理不当的东西，整个负载可能会被拒绝，并最终在垃圾填埋场)”可知，后文主要介绍了如何利用附近的回收服务。故D选项“每个居民都可以利用附近的回收服务”符合语境，故选D。【18题详析】根据标题“Buylocallysourcedfoods.(购买当地的食物)”以及后文“Shippingproductsbytruck,rail,flight,orboatcreatespollutionandgoesagainstanenvironmentallyfriendlylifestyle.Instead,shopatlocalfarmers’marketsandgrocerystoresstockinglocally-sourcedproducts.Alternatively,usecommunity-supportedservicestogetfreshproduceregularly.(通过卡车、铁路、飞机或船只运输产品会造成污染，违背环保的生活方式。相反，在当地的农贸市场和杂货店购买当地采购的产品。或者，使用社区支持的服务定期获取新鲜农产品)”可知，本段的主旨是吃当地的食物，F选项中local对应标题locally。故F选项“吃新鲜的当地食物消耗更少的燃料和包装材料”符合语境，故选F。【19题详析】根据上文“Applyingalternateformsoftransportationconsumeslessgasoline.Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible.Ifthatisn’tanoption,considerorganizingcarpoolsorusingpublictransportation.(采用替代的交通方式消耗较少的汽油。尽可能步行或骑自行车。如果没有办法，可以考虑拼车或使用公共交通工具)”可知，本句承接上文，说明选择拼车或公共交通的作用。故C选项“通过这样做，你可以帮助减少交通堵塞和汽油消耗总量”符合语境，故选C。【20题详析】根据本段内容“Advocacyallowsmorepeopletocreateapositiveimpact.Spreadthewordaboutenvironmentalconservationbysharingsomeofthelifestylechangesyou’vemadeonsocialmediaandinconversationswithpeoplearound,callingoneverybodytoplayarole.(倡导让更多的人产生积极的影响。通过在社交媒体和与周围人的对话中分享你所做的一些生活方式的改变来传播环境保护的信息，呼吁每个人都发挥作用)”可知，本段的主旨是鼓励他人加入到保护环境活动中。故B选项“鼓励他人帮助拯救环境”符合语境，故选B。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TodayIamworkingwithSimonforstartingamobilerepairingshop.His____21____mademethinkofthedayhejoinedusasaparticipantunderNayaSavera,askill-buildingprogramfordifferentbackgrounds.Mymemorystretchesbackvery____22____.WhenIfirstlookedathimduringselectioninterviewwe____23____fortakingontheparticipants,IwonderedhowIwasgoingtohelpthispersonwhocouldnoteven____24____.Simonhasa____25____probleminbothhislegs.Andtoreachfromoneplacetoanotherhehasto____26____awheelchair.Ididn’ttakehimseriouslyatfirst,butsomethingchangedwhenwe____27____talkingwithhim.Hemadeus____28____withallhisfunnystories.Andmadeuscrybysharinghis____29____tolivenormally.Itisapitythatpeopleunderestimatehimandlookdownonhis____30____tobecomeasuccessfulperson.Bythetimeinterviewwasover,wewerealllookingathimwithaweandwonderedwho____31____whom,asmostofthetimehewastheoneposingquestions.Needlesstosay,hewasselectedforthetrainingprogramandalso____32____theprogramwithease.Hewasoneofthe____33____whonevermissedevenasingledayoftraining.Hewasoneofthehighestscorersinexams____34____onthelastdayofthetrainingprogram.Hetouchedeveryonewithhispositivityand____35____.21.A.motive B.sorrow C.enthusiasm D.league22.A.monthly B.easily C.bravely D.unluckily23.A.conducted B.canceled C.conveyed D.rewarded24.A.advertise B.polish C.read D.walk25.A.manned B.serious C.precise D.dynamic26.A.turndown B.decideon C.testout D.relyon27.A.started B.regretted C.forgot D.abandoned28.A.melt B.laugh C.tease D.compose29.A.labour B.mixture C.power D.struggle30.A.success B.violence C.determination D.absence31.A.interviewed B.sponsored C.warned D.abused32.A.completed B.crushed C.designed D.purchased33.A.players B.astronauts C.participants D.leaders34.A.guaranteed B.held C.framed D.cued35.A.reputation B.kindness C.mistake D.attitude——★参考答案★——21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次技能培训项目选拔面试中遇见了一位残疾人西蒙，他凭借自己的乐观积极脱颖而出，最终被选中。西蒙以积极的态度感动了每一个人。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的热情让我想起了他作为NayaSavera项目的参与者加入我们的那一天，这是一个针对不同背景的技能培训项目。A.motive动机；B.sorrow悲伤；C.enthusiasm热情；D.league联盟。根据下文“Hetouchedeveryonewithhispositivityand”可知，西蒙身残志坚，对待工作热情，对待生活有积极的态度。所以此处应用enthusiasm。故选C。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的记忆很容易回想起来。A.monthly每月；B.easily容易地；C.bravely勇敢地；D.unluckily不幸地。根据上文“mademethinkofthedayhejoinedusasaparticipantunderNayaSavera”以及主语为memory，可知此处指容易回想起和西蒙之间的故事。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在选拔面试时，我第一次看到他，当时我就在想，我该如何帮助这个连路都走不了的人。A.conducted实施；B.canceled取消；C.conveyed表达；D.rewarded奖励。根据上文“duringselectioninterviewwe”此处指进行选拔面试，应用动词conduct。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在选拔面试时，我第一次看到他，当时我就在想，我该如何帮助这个连路都走不了的人。A.advertise打广告；B.polish抛光；C.read阅读；D.walk步行，散步。根据后文“probleminbothhislegs”可知，腿有问题，走路有问题。故选D。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西蒙的两条腿都有严重的问题。A.manned载