湖北省武汉市部分省重点高中2022-2023学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武汉市部分省重点高中2022-2023学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将〖答案〗标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的〖答案〗转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.1．Whatstillneedstobecleaned?A．Thekitchenfloor.B．Thedishes.C．Thetruck.2．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Friends.3．Whichdustbinisforgrass?A．Thegreenone.B．Thebrownone.C．Theblueone.4．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Helpthebirdlearntofly.B．Attackthecat.C．Savethebird.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Atafruitmarket.B．Atalocalshop.C．Atafarm.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。6．Whatdoestheboywanttodo?A．Walkfurther.B．Havearest.C．Gofaster.7．Whatdoestheboythinkofdoingexercise?A．Funny.B．Exciting.C．Painful.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whatisinthewoman’ssalad?A．Somefish.B．Somechicken.C．Somebeef.9．Whydoesn’tthewomaneatmeat?A．Shelovesanimalstoomuch.B．Shewantstobeingoodshape.C．Shedoesn’tliketheflavorofmeat.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Gonextdoor.B．Tryalittlebiteofmeat.C．Givehermeattotheman.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatdothespeakersagreetodothisweekend?A．Goonatrip.B．Gettheircarrepaired.C．Turnofftheelectricityathome.12．Whatdoesthemanthinkabouttheplan?A．Hethinksit’sacrazyidea.B．Hedoubtsifhecanconductit.C．Hebelieveshecancarryitouteasily.13．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．SurftheInternet.B．Getreadytogoout.C．Lookupsomeinformationinthebook.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatwasthewomanresponsiblefor?A．Creatingmoreparkingspaces.B．Improvingthefoodintheschool.C．Gettingmorecomputersforstudents.15．Whatismostimportanttothewoman?A．Improvingtheschool’sreputation.B．Increasingstudents’accesstoresources.C．Makinglifeeasierforparentsandteachers.16．Whatisthemanexcitedabout?A．Dancingattheendofthemonth.B．Seeingthesciencefairnextweek.C．Attendingthespringconcertnextmonth.17．Whoistheman?A．Astudentleader.B．Aschoolprincipal.C．Aschoolreporter.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whyismusicconsideredasatoolaccordingtothetalk?A．Itisusedforcuringanimals.B．Ithelpsinfluenceouremotions.C．Itremindsuswhattimeofyearitis.19．Whatdoesclassicalmusicdotolistenersaccordingthetalk?A．Somethingthatmakesthempeaceful.B．Somethingthatmakesthemserious.C．Somethingthatcausesthemtoremember.20．Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A．Musicatwork.B．Musicinscience.C．Musicandpainting.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AASTRONAUTCAMP-FLORIDAHaveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmic(宇宙的)exploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.Part1-VisitthePlanetarium(天文馆)Fromtraditionalstardisplaysandculturalshowsthatdetailtheimportanceofastronomyaroundtheworld,tofeaturepresentationsthatshowthedepthsofouterspace,theplanetariumhassomethingforcuriousstargazersofallages.Part2-TakePartinMissionSpaceWhat’sitliketobeanastronaut?You’llfindoutonMissionSPACE!Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).Eachmemberofyour4-cadet(学员)crewwillassumeanimportantrole:navigator,pilot,commanderorengineer.Part3-LunchwithanAstronautThis90-minuteencounterattheSpaceCenterinCapefeaturesabuffet-stylelunchalongwithapersonalizedpresentationfromoneofcelebratedastronauts.Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.Astronautsdescribewhatit'sliketoliveinspace-eating,exercising,sleepingandtraining.Notopicisoff-limits.Part4-ExperienceRocketFlightEntertheShuttleLaunchExperience,andrecreatethefeelingofaspaceshotinrealtime,fromthelaunchpad(发射台)toorbit.Adjustbeforesixseconds,themainenginesfireup,andasthespeakerssay“3,2,1….”therocketlaunches.1.WhatdoesMissionSpaceinclude?A.Experiencingaspaceshot. B.Preparingforaspacemission.C.Learninghowtotrainyourcrew. D.Seeingthedepthofouterspace.2.Inwhichpartcanyouaskastronautsquestions?A.AtthePlanetarium. B.OnMissionSPACE.C.AtLunchwithanAstronaut. D.IntheShuttleLaunchExperience.3.Whatisthepurposeofthisjourney?A.Toshowpeoplemodernstardisplays. B.TotrainpeopletobefutureastronautsC.Toprovidesomeknowledgeofplanetarium. D.Tohelppeoplelearnmoreaboutspacetravel.——★参考答案★——1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了来自佛罗里达的太空营体验项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Part2-TakePartinMissionSpace部分关键句“Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).”（在你登机之前，你将在国际空间训练中心的X-2深空航天飞机上接受任务训练。）可知，MissionSpace包括为太空任务做准备。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Part3-LunchwithanAstronaut部分关键句“Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.”（活动结束时，会有一个简短的问答环节，还有与宇航员合影的时间。）可知，LunchwithanAstronaut部分能向宇航员提问。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“Haveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmicexploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.”（你曾经想过成为一名宇航员，体验火箭飞行和宇宙探索吗？在这次佛罗里达之旅中，你将不用进行真正的太空旅行，就可能接近这种体验。）可知，这场旅行的目的是帮助人们更多地了解太空旅行。故选D项。BWhatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching(缝)andredesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble(可持续的).InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementofWisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefromhisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.ThefunhobbyquicklyturnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomizedclothingforthem.“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics(布料)fromotherclothestocreatehispatchwork(拼接)designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,“Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeoplewithsimilarideas.”TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghisbusinessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.4.WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?A.Hisinterestinfashiondesign.B.Thepopularityofhispants.C.Hisgrandmother’sencouragement.D.Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.5.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?A.Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.B.Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.C.Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.D.Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.6.WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?A.Growhisclothingbrand.B.Earnadegreeinfashion.C.Donateittoafashionschool.D.Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?A.Strongbutselfish.B.Braveanddetermined.C.Talentedbutnegative.D.Creativeandgenerous.——★参考答案★——4.B5.C6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了今年3月，一位来自美国威斯康辛州埃尔克哈特湖-格伦比拉高中的17岁学生凭借回收衣物入围了青年企业家大赛的决赛。比赛由非营利组织“威斯康星青年成就”主办。他的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（萨尔兹韦德尔在接受希博伊根出版社采访时表示：“有这么多人想要它们，所以我不打算免费制作150条裤子，所以我不得不开始做生意。”）可知，他的裤子很受欢迎促使萨尔兹韦德尔经商的。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.”（他的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）可知，这篇文章告诉了我们关于TheMadPatcher，它生产可持续时尚产品。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（这位少年计划用奖金去纽约的时装技术学院学习。该学院是世界上最著名的时装学院之一。）可知，萨尔兹韦德尔打算用奖学金去学习，获得时尚专业的学位。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，萨尔兹韦德尔创立了自己的服装品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鲜艳、有图案的面料来创作他的拼接设计，比如牛仔裤、衬衫和夹克。他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（萨尔兹韦德尔通过卖衣服赚了数千美元，他把25%的利润捐给了非营利组织。）故可推知，富有创造力和慷慨大方是最能描述萨尔茨维德尔的。故选D项。CBuildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.8.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare______.A.notwidelysupported B.costlytocarryoutC.generallyrecognized D.temporarilybeneficial9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreduced?A.Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A.Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.B.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.11.Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A.supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B.opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C.provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D.indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.——★参考答案★——8.A9.C10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。DAbouttwoyearsago,severallunarmissionsshowedthatsomelunarsoilcontainsminuteamountsofwatermolecules.Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物质)criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轰炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氢离子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.Inapreviousstudy,publishedinJune,Chinesescientistsconcludedthatmostwaterfoundonthemoonmayhaveoriginatedinitsinterior.Thatstudy,likethenewone,wasconductedonlunarsamplesfromChina’sChang’e-5missionin2020.ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羟基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.However,lunarmineralsmaycontainwatercontentofupto179ppm.Oneppmofwaterwouldyield(产生)around1gramofwaterpermetricton(公吨)ofsoil.Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.Lunarmineralssuchaspyroxene,plagioclase,andolivinearelikelythemainreservoirs(水库)ofsolarwind-derivedwater.“Thisstudyhasimportantimplicationsforunderstandingtheevolutionofwateronthelunarsurfaceandevaluatingthecontributionofsolarwindprotons(质子)tothewaterreservoirsofthelunarsurface,”theresearcherssaid.LunarsamplescollectedduringtheChang’e-5missionmayholdthekeystoansweringthesequestions,sincetheyaremuchyoungerthantheonescollectedbyUSandSovietmoonmissions.So,thewatercontentintheChinesesampleshashadlesstimetobeinfluencedbyotherfactors,makingthesesamplesidealforstudyingthemoon’swater.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedfor?A.Toanswerthequestion. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toclarifyaconcept. D.Tohelpusknowthemoonbetter.13.WhatdoChinesescientistsfindaboutthewaterfoundonthemoonfromthelateststudy?A.Itcouldmainlycomefromthesolarwind.B.Itcouldoriginateinthemoon’sinterior.C.Lunarsoilcontainsabundantamountsofwater.D.Lunarmineralscontainlesswaterthanexpected.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5andParagraph6?A.LunarsoilcontainsmorewaterthanLunarmineralsdo.B.Lunarmineralscontainrichwatercomingfromsolarwind.C.Solarwindshouldaccountfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon.D.Thelateststudybasicallyconfirmedalltheestimatesofpreviousstudy.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToreportthesuccessoftheChang’e-5mission.B.Tointroducehowtobuildasustainablemoonbase.C.Toexplaintheroleofsolarwindonthemoon.D.Toreportthefindingsofrecentstudiesonthemoon.——★参考答案★——12.B13.A14.C15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的水来自哪里。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是从哪里来的呢？回答这个问题可以帮助我们了解月球的历史和演化，但也可以让未来的工程师在建造可持续的月球基地时利用这一资源。)”可知，第一段提出了一个问题，然后讲述了中国科学家在这个问题上的新发现，所以第一段的目的是引入话题。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物质)criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轰炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氢离子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.(根据周六发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家发现，月球土壤中的矿物质可能已经获得了太阳风用氢离子轰击月球表面对生命至关重要的物质。)”和第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上证实了先前研究的估计，这些月球矿物可能含有更多的水。)”可知，中国科学家认为月球上的水可能来自太阳风。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。通读第五段中的“Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.(此外，这项新研究将太阳风确定为月球表面存在水的关键机制。)”和第六段中的“Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.(研究发现，太阳风导致嫦娥五号任务收集的月球样本中的水含量至少为170ppm。)”可知，太阳风对月球表面水的形成有很重要的作用。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据首段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是从哪里来的呢？回答这个问题可以帮助我们了解月球的历史和演化，但也可以让未来的工程师在建造可持续的月球基地时利用这一资源。)”引出本文讲述的话题，以及每一段中的首句话，比如第四段“ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羟基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.(六月的研究发现，月球土壤中羟基的含水量约为30%，羟基是水的近亲。)”以及第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上证实了先前研究的估计，这些月球矿物可能含有更多的水。)”等均可看出，本文作者主要介绍了科学家的新发现，即月球上的水可能源自太阳风。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MatildaBrowne(1869-1947)wasasuccessfulartistintheearly20thcentury.Unfortunately,fewpeopleknowhernameorherarttoday.MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.___16___Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.___17___Herboldbrushworkgaveherpaintingsaliveappearance.HerstyleisbestdescribedasImpressionism.MatildaBrownequicklybecamearespectedandsuccessfulartist.Herlistofhonoursopeneddoorsthatwouldhavebeenotherwiseinaccessibleforafemaleartistofhertime.Asanadult,shemovedtoConnecticut,whereshepaintedinOldLyme.___18___Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.___19___Brownewasasuccessfulartistthroughoutherlife.Shewonnumerousawardsandexhibitedinmanyimportantshows.However,veryfewpeopleknowabouthertoday.Thisisamorecommonstoryforfemaleartiststhanonemightthink.So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?___20___ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.A.Shewastheonlywomanacceptedintothemaleartists’circlethere.B.Itwasherartisticstylethathadn’tarousedpeople’sinterest.C.Herimpressiveskillbroughtherundereveryone’snotice.D.Shealsopaintedmanyflowersincolorfulgardenlandscapes.E.Itcouldresultfromherdoubleminority—ingenderandnationality.F.HermothertookhertoEuropefortrainingwhileshewasquiteyoung.G.Eitherway,hergreatskillasapaintermadetheseotherartiststakenotice.——★参考答案★——16.F17.D18.A19.G20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了艺术家MatildaBrowne的个人经历以及成就，和她默默无名的原因。【16题详析】根据上文“MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.(玛蒂尔达·布朗早年就表现出了很有前途的艺术才华。她在新泽西州的纽瓦克长大，通过观察她的邻居，画家托马斯·莫兰，她开始接触艺术。她的父母支持他们崭露头角的年轻艺术家)”以及后文“Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.(这样做得到了回报。玛蒂尔达·布朗在12岁的时候参加了她的第一次大型展览)”可知，本段讲述了MatildaBrowne小时候接受的画画方面的启蒙及支持，本句旨在说明哪种行为最后取得了回报。故F选项“她很小的时候，她妈妈就带她去欧洲训练”符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】根据上文“Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.(布朗喜欢画动物，尤其是牛和其他动物)”可知，这一段介绍她的绘画风格。从D选项中的“also”可知,这是她风格中的另一个方面。故D选项“她还画了许多在丰富多彩的花园风景中的花”符合语境，故选D。【18题详析】根据后文“Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(她甚至有幸为他们的工作间画了一扇门。有消息称，她的幽默感帮助她与男孩们打成一片，而另一些人则声称，她的认真是赢得男孩们好感的原因)”可知，后文提到她的幽默感帮助她与男孩们打成一片，说明她被男性艺术家圈子接纳了，故A选项“她是那里男性艺术家圈子里唯一被接纳的女性”符合语境，故选A。【19题详析】根据上文“Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(有消息称，她的幽默感帮助她与男孩们打成一片，而另一些人则声称，她的认真是赢得男孩们好感的原因)”可知，人们对MatildaBrowne被接纳进入男性艺术家圈子进行两方面原因的猜测，本句为本段最后一句，进行总结：但无论猜测如何，真正使她获得关注的是她的才华。故G选项“不管怎样，她高超的绘画技巧引起了其他艺术家的注意”符合语境，故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?(那么，为什么布朗变得默默无闻了呢？)”以及后文“ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.(她是美国人，而关于美国印象派的书往往集中在男性艺术家身上)”可知，此空和后一句分析MatildaBrowne从那个时代的闻名到如今的默默无闻的原因。故E选项“这可能是由于她在性别和国籍上的双重少数群体”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Miloisarescuedog,adoptedby20-year-oldMakaylaSwift.OnemorninginNovember2021,SwiftopenedherfrontdoorinSilverSpring,Maryland,andMilo___21___running.Milorantothehouseacrossthestreet.Heseemedunsatisfiedwiththishouse,soherantotheonenextdoor,Swiftonhis___22___.“Hestarted___23___onthefrontdoor,”Swiftsays.“I’mthinking,‘Whyisheliterallytryingto___24___thehouse?’”Shewas___25___.Noteveryonewantsastrangedogontheir___26___.ButasshetriedtodragMiloaway,shecouldhearasoundcomingthroughanopenupstairswindow.Itwasavoiceyelling“Help!”Hoursearlier,around4a.m.,SherryStarrhad___27___fromherbed.“Allofasudden,standingtherebetweenthetoiletandthebathtub,I___28___,”shesays.“Iwentdownhardonthefloor.”Starris85.“Icouldnotmoveatall,”saysStarr,whowasstuckbetweenthetoiletandthebathtub.Starrwas___29___.“I’mthinking:I’mjustgoingtodiehere,”shesays.Herbest____30____,shedecided,wastolistenforthelettercarrierintheafternoonandscreamatthetopofherlungs.“Hervoicewasvery____31____,”saysSwift.“YouhadtoberightatthefrontdoortohearMrs.Starryellfor____32____unlessyouwereMilowho____33____heardStarrwhenIopenedmyownfrontdoor.”Swiftcalled911.Therescuersthoughtthey’dhavetoremovethetoilet,buttheygaveonelastpullandoutshepopped.Thoughinjured,Starr____34____atriptothehospital.Swifthasknownhershareofpain.Twoyearsago,hermotherdied.ShesaysMilohashelpedherwithhergrief.“Thatdogisa____35____,”shesays.21.A.wokeup B.tookoff C.caughtup D.heldback22.A.