甘肃省武威市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1甘肃省武威市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Salesmanandcustomer.C．Interviewerandinterviewee.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A．Classmates.B．Managerandemployee.C．Teacherandstudent.3．Howmanylanguagescanthewomanspeakuptonow?A．Two.B．Four.C．Three.4．Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Gototheteachers’office.B.Gototheclassroom.C.Gotothelibrary.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Gobacktolookforit.B．Reporttothepolice.C．Buyanewone.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至9题。6.Whogavethewomanherfirstmountainbike?A．Herfather.B．Heruncle.C．Herbrother.7．Whydidthewomanslowdownatonepointintherace?A.Theroadwasfullofrocks.B.Shewastootiredtogoahead.C．Areporterappearedsuddenly.8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthemostimportantbeforetherace?A.Havingenoughsleep.B.Checkingtheroadinadvance.C.Keepingthebikeingoodcondition.9.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheclothes?A．Theyhavetobetight.B.Theyshouldbepretty.C.Theyneedtobecomfortable.听第7段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthemanbookhisticket?A．OntheInternet.B．Throughafriend.C．Onthephone.11．Whichcityisthemanleavingfor?A．Houston.B．Chicago.C．NewYork.12．Whenisthemanreturning?A.OnMay5.B．OnMay2.C．OnMay6.听第8段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydidthemanarrivelate?A．Hegotstuckintraffic.B.Hewasunabletopark.C.Hehadtotakeadifferentroute.14.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemorning?A．Itwasraining.B．Itwassunny.C．Itwascloudy.15．Whateventdidthemanmiss?A．Asportsevent.B．Afoodfair.C．Aconcert.16．Wherewillthedancingeventshappen?A．Atapark.B．Atastadium.C．Atatelevisionstation.听第9段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Buyasmallfamilycar.B．Buyasportscar.C．Sellhisfamilycar.18．Whatseasonisitatthemoment?A．Itiswinter.B．Itisautumn.C．Itisspring.19．What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Friends.B．Fatheranddaughter.C．Husbandandwife.20．Whydoesn’tthemanwanttogetanewcar?A．Forthehighprice.B．Forhisfeelingtotheoldone.C.Fortheseason.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASomeStrangestFestivalsFromAroundTheWorldThroughtheyears,peoplehavefoundmanywaystocelebrateimportantoccasionsintheirlives.Ifyou’relookingforaninterestingandoff-the-beaten-pathtravelplace,herearesomemostwonderfulandunusualfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.BoryeongAnnualMudFestival,BoryeongrockThisfestivaltakesplaceatthebeach,withmuchmud(泥巴)resourcefromthesea.Atthisfestival,peopletakepartinanumberofactivitiesinvolving(涉及)mud,whichnotonlybringsbackhappychildhoodmemoriesbutisgoodfortheskin.WorldBody-paintingFestival,Pörtschach,AustriaThisentirefestivalisnotstrangebecauseoftheactivitiesthatoccur(发生)duringit,butbecauseofthewaypeoplelookwhenit’sover.Duringthistime,artistsworldwidefloodinandholdlivebody-paintingactivities.Theyarepaintingcreativedesignsonwillingparticipants(参与者).UnderwaterMusicFestival,Florida,AmericaRatherthanbeingheldatatypicalconcerthall,theunderwaterMusicFestivaltakesplaceontheseabed.Thisspecialcustomisunlikeanyothersbecauseitfeaturedmusiciansplayingmusicbelowwaterlevel.100feetdeepinclearwater,talentedmusiciansweardiving(潜水)equipment,performingfreeconcertsforseacreaturesandhumansalike.Battleoftheorange,Ivrea,ItalyThisItaliantownhostsoneofthemostunusualfestivals.EachyearinFebruary,abattle(战斗)takesplaceamongthousandsofparticipantswhohavetothroworangeateachotherduringa30-minutefight.Theaimistotryandknockdownotherparticipantsbyattackingthemwithorangessothattheycannotstandanylonger.1.WhatcantouristsdoattheBoryeongAnnualMudFestival?A.Experiencemudbath. B.Joininfightswithoranges.C.Havetheirfacespainted. D.Enjoylivemusicunderwater.2.Fromwhichfestivalcanpeopledisplayartwiththeirbodies?A.Battleoftheoranges. B.UnderwaterMusicFestival.C.WorldBody-paintingFestival. D.BoryeongAnnualMudFestival.3.WhatanimalsmaybetheaudienceoftheUnderwaterMusicFestival?A.Lions. B.Dolphins. C.Elephants. D.Pandas.〖答案〗1.A2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上4个不同寻常的节日。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Atthisfestival,peopletakepartinanumberofactivitiesinvolvingmud,whichnotonlybringsbackhappychildhoodmemoriesbutisgoodfortheskin.(在这个节日里，人们会参加一些涉及泥的活动，泥不仅能唤起童年的快乐回忆，而且对皮肤有益。)”可知，在韩国保宁泥浆节里，节日活动与泥浆有关，而且对皮肤好，由此可知游客们可以体验泥浆浴。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Duringthistime,artistsworldwidefloodinandholdlivebody-paintingactivities.(在此期间，世界各地的艺术家蜂拥而至，举办活体绘画活动。)”可知，在世界人体彩绘艺术节期间，人们现场体验人体彩绘活动，也就是说，以身体为载体，展现艺术。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“l00feetdeepinclearwater,talentedmusiciansweardivingequipment,performingfreeconcertsforseacreaturesandhumansalike.(在100英尺深的清澈水中，才华横溢的音乐家们穿着潜水设备，为海洋生物和人类表演免费音乐会。)”可知，水下音乐节的观众包括海洋生物。四个选项中，只有B项“海豚”是海洋生物，符合题意。故选B。BMyteachersaidtoastudent:“Givemeyourphone.”Wealllookedinsurprise.Kyle,astudentwhoIneversawtextinclass,gavetheteacherhisphone.Whentheteacherleft,twostudentswhoIoftensawtextinclassstartedboasting(自夸)abouthowtheysenttextmessagesandnevergotcaught.“Kyle,youdon’ttextinclassthatway!”oneofthemsaid.“IputmyphoneundermydesksoitlookslikeI’mlookingatmytextbooks.”“Isn’titfunnythatwealwaystextandnevergetcaught,butthefirsttimeKyledoesit,hegetscaught?”theotheronelaughed.Theymusthavethoughttheyweresmart,becausetheynevergotcaughtandKyledid.Butwhichsituationisworse:gettingcaught,orgettingawaywithit?Rulesarethereforareason.Thesetwostudentsmightnothavegotcaught,butneitherofthemhadgoodgrades.Theykeeptextinginclass,notpayinganyattention.Ithinktheywillkeepbreakingtherulesinthefuture.Peopledon’tjustbreakthelawandgetthrownintojail(监狱)rightaway.Theytakeitonestepatatime,startingwithsmallerrules.Kylemighthavegotcaught,butatleasthelearnedagoodlesson.Hewillnotbreaktherulesinthefuture,sohewilllearnmoreinclassandstayoutoftrouble.It’ssmarternottobreaktherules.4.TheteacheraskedKyletogivehisphonebecause________.A.hewasplayingwithhisphoneinclass B.thestudentswantedtoseeKyle’snewphoneC.theteacherwantedtoteachhimhowtotext D.theteacherwantedtospeaktoKyle’sparents5.Howdidthetwostudentsfeelaboutnotbeingcaughttextinginclass?A.Sad. B.Calm. C.Proud. D.Disappointed.6.Whichistrueaccordingtothestory?A.Kyleoftentextsinclass. B.Kyleisnotsmartenough.C.Rulesaretherefornoreason.D.Thetwostudentswhooftentextinclasshadbadgrades.7.Whatwouldthewriteragree?A.Kylewasabadstudent. B.Textinginclassisnotabigdeal.C.Textinginclasswithoutbeingcaughtwaseasy. D.Whatthetwostudentssaidanddidwerewrong.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.D7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯尔因为在课堂上玩手机被老师没收了手机，班上的两个学生则开始吹嘘他们是如何发短信而从未被发现的。两人的成绩都不好，但作者认为这两人的做法和想法都是错的。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Kyle,astudentwhoIneversawtextinclass,gavetheteacherhisphone.(凯尔，一个我从未见过在课堂上发短信的学生，把他的手机给了老师)”可知，老师要求凯尔交出他的电话，因为他在课堂上玩他的手机。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whentheteacherleft,twostudentswhoIoftensawtextinclassstartedboasting(自夸)abouthowtheysenttextmessagesandnevergotcaught.(老师走后，两个我经常在课堂上看到短信的学生开始吹嘘他们发短信从来没有被抓到过)”可推知，这两个学生对没有被发现在课堂上发短信感到骄傲。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题，根据倒数第二段中“Thesetwostudentsmightnothavegotcaught,butneitherofthemhadgoodgrades.(这两个学生可能没有被抓到，但他们的成绩都不好)”可知，D选项“两个经常在课堂上发短信的学生成绩不好”正确。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peopledon’tjustbreakthelawandgetthrownintojail(监狱)rightaway.Theytakeitonestepatatime,startingwithsmallerrules.Kylemighthavegotcaught,butatleasthelearnedagoodlesson.Hewillnotbreaktherulesinthefuture,sohewilllearnmoreinclassandstayoutoftrouble.It’ssmarternottobreaktherules.(触犯法律的人不会马上就被关进监狱。他们从一些小的规则开始，一步一步来。凯尔可能被抓了，但至少他得到了一个很好的教训。他以后不会再违反规则了，所以他会在课堂上学到更多的东西，远离麻烦。不打破规则是明智的)”可推知，作者认为这两个学生说的和做的都是错的。故选D。CAncientChinesefolkpaintingandmanyotherartstyleshavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,andarestillpracticedindifferentpartsofChina.Here’salookatfouruniqueChinesefolkartforms.ChineseOperaisthetraditionalformofChinesedrama.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,inChina’svariousethnicregionsthereareaboutmorethan360kindsofoperas.ThemostfamousonesincludePekingOpera,KunquOpera,YuejuOpera,YujuOpera,SichuanOpera,FujianOpera,Hebeiopera,HuangmeiOperaandsoon,intotalmorethan50,amongwhichPekingOperaisthemostpopularinChina.ShadowPlaydatesbacktoWesternHanDynastyinShaanximorethan1000yearsago.Themovingfigures,usuallycarvedoutfromleather,areoperatedbyfolkartists,accompaniedbymusicandsinging.Itistheworld’sfirstdubbed(配音的)motionpictureartform,thusconsideredthe“ancestor”ofmodernfilm.TodaythisartformisstillpopularinnorthernChina.Paper-cuttingisoneofthemostpopulartraditionaldecorativeartsinChinawithalonghistory.Paper-cuttingcanbeseenacrossChinaandithasevendevelopedintodifferentlocalgenres(流派).Theyareusuallyusedtodecorategatesandwindowsduringfestivals.TheKitewasinventedbyChinesepeople.AccordingtolegendtheearliestkiteinChinawasawoodenbirdbyMoDiintheEasternZhoudynasty.LaterhisstudentLuBanimprovedthetechandusedbambooasmaterialtomakeakite.Today,variouskite-flyingactivitiescanbefoundindifferentregionsofChina.ShandongWeifangKiteFestivalisheldeveryyearandattractslotsofkiteloversandtravelers.8.WhichChineseOperaisthemostpopularinChina?A.PekingOpera. B.KunquOpera.C.YuejuOpera. D.YujuOpera.9.WhyisShadowPlayconsideredtheancestorofmodernfilm?A.Ithasahistoryofmorethan1000years.B.Itwasoperatedbyancientfolkartists.C.Itisaccompaniedbymusicanddancesonthestage.D.Itistheworld’sfirstdubbedmotionpictureartform.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph4referto?A.Differentlocalgenres. B.Traditionaldecorativepictures.C.Paper-cuttingartworks. D.PopularChinesehandwriting.11.WhatwastheearliestkitemadeofinChina?A.Paper. B.Wood.C.Bamboo. D.Leather.〖答案〗8.A9.D10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种独特的中国民间艺术形式：戏曲、影片放映、剪纸、风筝。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThemostfamousonesincludePekingOpera,KunquOpera,YuejuOpera,YujuOpera,SichuanOpera,FujianOpera,Hebeiopera,HuangmeiOperaandsoon,intotalmorethan50,amongwhichPekingOperaisthemostpopularinChina.（最著名的有京剧，昆曲歌剧，粤剧，豫剧，四川歌剧，福建歌剧，河北歌剧，黄梅戏等，共有五十多种，其中京剧（PekingOpera）在中国最受欢迎。）”可知，最受欢迎的是京剧。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Itistheworld’sfirstdubbed(配音的)motionpictureartform,thusconsideredthe“ancestor”ofmodernfilm.（这是世界上第一个有配音的电影艺术形式，因此被认为是现代电影的“祖先”。）”可知，皮影戏被认为是现代电影的鼻祖是因为这是世界上第一个配音的电影艺术形式。故选D。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Paper-cuttingisoneofthemostpopulartraditionaldecorativeartsinChinawithalonghistory.Paper-cuttingcanbeseenacrossChinaandithasevendevelopedintodifferentlocalgenres( 流派 ).（剪纸是中国最流行的传统装饰艺术之一，有着悠久的历史。剪纸在中国随处可见，甚至发展成不同的地方流派）”可知，本段是在介绍剪纸，所以“They”代指“Paper-cuttingworks”。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“AccordingtolegendtheearliestkiteinChinawasawoodenbirdbyMoDiintheEasternZhoudynasty.（据传说，中国最早的风筝是东周时期莫笛制作的一只木鸟。）”可知，中国最早的风筝是用木头做的。故选B。DRiversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings,too.Theycanflood,orriseovertheirbanks,makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However,floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample,afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone-hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition,floodwaterscancarrydisease,includinghepatitisA(甲型肝炎)andcholera(霍乱).However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.12.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“clog”inParagraph2?A.Become. B.Pollute. C.Block. D.Develop.13.Howdofloodshelpecosystems?A.Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B.Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C.Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D.Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.14.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals. B.Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C.Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil. D.Thereasonforpeople’sappreciatingfloods.15.What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.TheBadEffectsofFlooding B.TheSecretofFloodingC.Floods-ADisastertoHumans D.Floods—APartofNature〖答案〗12.C13.A14.B15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Toomuchdirtwill”以及后文“riversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing”可知，太多的污垢会堵塞河流和小溪，阻止河流流动。故划线词意思是“堵塞”。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.(有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长)”可知，洪水携带的养分可以使土壤更肥沃，从而帮助生态系统。故选A。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.(然而，并非所有关于洪水的事情都是不好的。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长。洪水对一些动物也很重要。例如，一些动物把洪水看作是交配或迁徙的信号。洪水在河床上留下沉积物，幼鱼可以在河床上生长，并携带营养物质供水中的小动物食用。此外，在干旱季节，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于补充湿地，保持生态系统的运转)”可知，第三段的主旨是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它们会破坏生物和环境。但有些生态系统需要洪水才能生存)”结合文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。可知，D选项“洪水——自然的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatArethePhysicalBenefitsofExercise?Exerciseisoftenthoughtofasactivitiesthathelpapersonloseweightorpreventweightgain.Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers.____16____Exercisingcanhelpstrengthenthemuscles.Dietpillsmayhelpamanshedweightbuttheywillnothelphimbuildorstrengthenhismuscles.Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.____17____Thisbenefitisnotlimitedtomalesandthetypesofexercisesthatproducetheseresultsarenotlimitedtoweightlifting.Workingoutcanmakethebonesstronger.Exercisealsostrengthensbones,whichbecomesmoreimportanttheolderapersongets.Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdowntherebuilding.____18____Physicalactivityproducesthatstimulationand,therefore,helpsdecreasethelikelihoodofconditionssuchasosteoporosis(骨质疏松).____19____Manypeopleareconcernedwithlookingolder.Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise.Cellulite(皮下脂肪团),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis.____20____Wrinklesareanothersignofagingthatcanbereducedbyexercisesincephysicalactivitytendstoimprovetheconditionofskin.A.Manypeoplewanttochangeorimprovetheirbodies.B.Takingregularexercisecanreducetheeffectsofaging.C.Aspeoplegrowolder,however,therebuildingprocessslowsunlessitisstimulated.D.Trainingalsoreducesthenegativephysicaleffectswhichapersonfeelswhenheages.E.Exercisehastheabilitytohelpapersonchangehisbodyshape,andmakehimstronger.F.Theappearanceofcellulitecanbediminishedwithbasicexercisessuchaswalkingorjogging.G.Theseincludestrengtheningthebones,strengtheningthemuscles,andreducingtheeffectsofaging.〖答案〗16.G17.E18.C19.B20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了锻炼可以给身体带来的好处。【16题详析】根据上文“Exerciseisoftenthoughtofasactivitiesthathelpapersonloseweightorpreventweightgain.Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers.(运动通常被认为是帮助人们减肥或防止体重增加的活动。拥有一个更苗条的身体当然是锻炼对身体的好处之一，但还有很多其他的好处)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明锻炼的具体好处。故G选项“这些包括增强骨骼，增强肌肉，减少衰老的影响”符合语境，故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Dietpillsmayhelpamanshedweightbuttheywillnothelphimbuildorstrengthenhismuscles.Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.(减肥药可以帮助一个人减肥，但它们不会帮助他建立或加强肌肉。锻炼对身体的好处通常是同时产生的)”可知，上文提到锻炼对身体的好处是同时产生的，故本句是在说明同时产生的好处是什么：改变体型，使他更强壮。故E选项“运动能帮助一个人改变体型，使他更强壮”符合语境，故选E。【18题详析】根据上文“Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdowntherebuilding.(骨骼会经历一个自然的分解重建过程)”可知，上文提到了骨骼会重建，C选项中rebuilding对应上文中rebuilding。故C选项“然而，随着人们年龄的增长，除非刺激，重建过程会减慢”符合语境，故选C。【19题详析】根据后文“Manypeopleareconcernedwithlookingolder.Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise.(很多人都很在意自己的显老。减缓和逆转衰老的影响是体育锻炼的好处)”可知，本段的主旨是锻炼可以减缓衰老。故B选项“经常锻炼可以减少衰老的影响”符合语境，故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Cellulite(皮下脂肪团),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis.(例如，脂肪团会让年轻女性看起来比实际年龄要老)”可知，上文提到了脂肪团，F选项中cellulite对应上文cellulite，故F选项“脂肪团的出现可以通过散步或慢跑等基本运动来减少”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Confuciuswasagreatphilosopher,educationalistaswellasthefounderofConfucianism.Hewasbornin551BCinShandongprovinceofChina.Hisbeliefs___21___theimportanceofhavingagoodmoral(道德的)characterandpersonalethics(伦理).Theyhaveagreat___22___onthemajorityofChineseculture.Confuciushasleftmany___23___sayings,whicharestillrememberedandfollowed___24___.Forexample,hisquotes,“Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthinkislost”“Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger”,arewellknowntoall.AlthoughConfuciusis___25___forhisgreatthoughts,didyouknowthatheisalsoknownforhissenseof___26___?Thereisevidencethathewasveryhumorous.His___27___wereveryamusingandupliftingandheoftenusedhumortomakehisstudents___28___andtakeinterestintheteachings.OnetimeConfuciuswas___29___alongwithhisstudentswhentheycameacrossamanwhowas____30____intheriver.HisstudentswerehesitatingbutConfuciusjumpedintotheriverwithout____31____andsavedthemanintime.Then,he____32____tohisstudentsandjoked,“Isupposenoneofyou____33____thathewaswearingavaluablejadering!”Thisstoryservesasareminderthateventhemostseriousfiguresinhistory____34____theirshareoflightheartedmoments.Itispossiblethatwisdomandhumorboth____35____handinhandwithjoy!21.A.respondto B.focuson C.brushup D.takeup22.A.impact B.stress C.impression D.knock23.A.flexible B.creative C.wise D.sharp24.A.normally B.annually C.periodically D.faithfully25.A.confident B.special C.famous D.acceptable26.A.humor B.duty C.direction D.achievement27.A.characters B.proposals C.conversations D.attitudes28.A.agree B.relax C.worry D.argue29.A.traveling B.quarrelling C.sleeping D.shooting30.A.swimming B.surfing C.drowning D.playing31.A.doubt B.problem C.signal D.delay32.A.listened B.turned C.pointed D.stuck33.A.cared B.heard C.felt D.noticed34.A.enjoy B.bother C.involve D.allow35.A.catch B.go C.lead D.take〖答案〗21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.D32.B33.D34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了孔子，作为一位伟大的哲学家、教育家和儒家学派创始人，他的智慧对中国文化产生了巨大影响，文章举例描述孔子幽默的一面，他经常用幽默的方式促进对弟子们的教学。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的信仰强调良好的道德品质和个人道德的重要性。A.respondto回应；B.focuson关注；聚焦；C.brushup复习；D.takeup占据。根据上文“Confuciuswasagreatphilosopher,educationalistaswellasthefounderofConfucianism.(孔子是一位伟大的哲学家、教育家，也是儒家思想的奠基人。)”可知，孔子开创了儒学，儒学强调个体的道德品质的养成，focuson符合语境。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们对中国大部分文化都有很大的影响。A.impact巨大影响；B.stress压力；C.impression印象；D.knock敲击。根据下文“Confuciushasleftmany______sayings,whicharestillrememberedandfollowed______.(孔子留下了许多……名言，至今仍被人们铭记并……遵循。)”可知，孔子的理念都在他的名言中，至今仍被人们铭记并遵循，说明其影响之大，此处考查动词短语haveanimpacton，意为“对……产生影响”，故选A项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孔子留下了许多至理名言，至今仍被人们铭记并忠实地遵循。A.flexible灵活的；B.creative创造性的；C.wise明智的；D.sharp锋利的。根据下文“Forexample,hisquotes,‘Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthinkislost’‘Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger’,arewellknowntoall.(例如，他的名言，‘学而不思则罔’，‘思而不学则殆’，这是众所周知的。)”可知，孔子的真知灼见为后人铭记并遵循，说明这些话都很睿智，wise符合语境。故选C项。【24题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：孔子留下了许多至理名言，至今仍被人们铭记并忠实地遵循。A.normally正常地，通常；B.annually每年；C.periodically定期地；D.faithfully忠实地。根据上文“Theyhaveagreat______onthemajorityofChineseculture.(它们对中国大部分文化都有很大的影响。)”可知，孔子的儒学对中国文化影响很大，他的至理名言为国人恪守遵循，faithfully符合语境。故选D项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然孔子以其伟大的思想而闻名，但你知道他还以他的幽默感而闻名吗？A.confident自信的；B.special特殊的；C.famous著名的；D.acceptable可接受的。根据上文“Forexample,hisquotes,‘Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthinkislost’‘Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger’,arewellknowntoall.(例如，他的名言，‘学而不思则罔’，‘思而不学则殆’，是众所周知的。)”可知，孔子的思想众所周知，很是有名（famous），故选C项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然孔子以其伟大的思想而闻名，但你知道他还以他的幽默感而闻名吗？A.humor幽默；B.duty职责；C.direction方向；D.achievement成就。根据下文“Thereisevidencethathewasveryhumorous.His______wereveryamusingandupliftingandheoftenusedhumortomakehisstudents______andtakeinterestintheteachings.(有证据表明他非常幽默，他的……非常有趣和令人振奋，他经常用幽默使他的学生……，对教学感兴趣。)”可知，humor为复现词，此处描述孔子的幽默性格。故选A项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的谈话非常有趣和令人振奋，他经常用幽默使他的学生放松，对教学感兴趣。A.characters性格；B.proposals建议；C.conversations谈话；D.attitudes态度。根据句中的“amusinganduplifting”以及“makehisstudents______andtakeinterestintheteachings”可知，孔子通过和弟子聊天（conversations）来传播他的思想，方式有趣，效果极好。故选C项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的谈话非常有趣和令人振奋，他经常用幽默使他的学生放松，对教学感兴趣。A.agree同意；B.relax放松；C.worry担心；D.argue争论。根据句中的“amusinganduplifting”可知，孔子通过和弟子聊天（conversations）来传播他的思想，孔子说话幽默，有趣、令人振奋，学生在聊天中放松下来，relax符合语境。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，孔子和他的学生一起旅行，他们看到一个人在河里快要淹死了。A.traveling旅行；B.quarrelling吵架；C.sleeping睡觉；D.shooting射击。根据句中“theycameacrossamanwhowasdrowningintheriver”可知，能看到有人溺水，说明他们在外游学，traveling符合语境。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，孔子和他的学生一起旅行，他们看到一个人在河里快要淹死了。A.swimming游泳；B.surfing冲浪；C.drowning溺水；D.playing玩耍。根据下文“HisstudentswerehesitatingbutConfuciusjumpedintotheriverwithout______andsavedthemanintime(他的学生正在犹豫，但孔子……跳入河中，及时救了这个人)”可知，孔子跳下水救人，说明这人是溺水（drowning）状态。故选C项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学生正在犹豫，但孔子立即跳入河中，及时救了这个人。A.doubt怀疑；B.problem问题；C.signal信号；D.delay延迟。根据前半句“Hisstudentswerehesitating”，以及转折连词but，“andsavedthemanintime”可知，孔子没有像学生们那样犹豫，而是及时出手相救，delay符合语境，withoutdelay(立即)。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他转向他的学生，开玩笑地说：“我想你们都没有注意到他戴着一枚贵重的玉戒指吧！”A.listened听；B.turned转；C.pointed指；D.stuck卡住。根据语境，此处考查动词短语turnto，意为“转向”，救人之后，孔子转头开始和弟子们说话。故选B项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想你们都没有注意到他戴着一枚贵重的玉戒指吧！A.cared关心；B.heard听到；C.felt感觉；D.noticed注意到。根据空后的“thathewaswearingavaluablejadering”可知，溺水者手指上有一个戒指，大家关注这个溺水者的死活的时候，孔子居然注意到溺水者手指上的戒指，noticed符合语境，故选D项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事提醒我们，即使是历史上最严肃的人物也会有轻松愉快的时刻。A.enjoy享受、享有；B.bother麻烦；C.involve涉及；D.allow允许。根据下文“Itispossiblethatwisdomandhumorboth______handinhandwithjoy!(智慧和幽默都有可能与快乐携手并进！)”可知，上文关于“玉戒指”的故事，彰显了孔子的幽默的一面，可得出历史上最严肃的人物也享有轻松愉快的时刻，令人享受其中的轻松愉快，enjoy符合语境，故选A项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：智慧和幽默都有可能与快乐携手并进！A.catch接住；B.go走；C.lead带头；D.take携带。根据上文“Thisstoryservesasareminderthateventhemostseriousfiguresinhistory______theirshareoflightheartedmoments.(这个故事提醒我们，即使是历史上最严肃的人物也会有轻松愉快的时刻。)”可知，像孔子这么智慧的人物竟然如此幽默，gohandinhandwith…，意为“与……紧密相连”，go符合语境。故选B项。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Afewyearsago,IenjoyedmysummervacationatNewYork’sHarrimanStateParkwithagoodfriend.Theplace___36___weweregoingtowasthebeautifulLakeSebago.Itwascertainlyaniceplacewithtentplatforms,anumberofkayaksandswimmingareas.Itwasquite___37___(convenience)forustofishthere.Assoonaswereachedthebestnearbyfishingspot,myfriendbeganunloadingthebaggage,andpassedmeafishingpolewithapieceofredclothattached___38___it.IpositionedthepoleinwhatIconsidered___39___(be)theperfectplaceandtriedtocast(扔)thelineinthewater.Afterjustafewfailedtries,Ifinallyhaditdown.Soona10-inchbluegill(蓝腮太阳鱼)caughtit.Feelingexcitedbutnervous,Ipulleditup.Thewaterwasrathershallow(浅),sothefishwasn’tabletosinkdownor