牛津高中英语M7语法助动词教案

第8讲:助动词

学生姓名年级高二授课教师王老师备课时间

教学

助动词

目标

重、难

考点

教学内容

重点单词记忆第1加

聊嚼咽

基础狂记

助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（AuxiliaryVerb\被协助的动词称作主要动词（MainVerb\

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。

（doesift是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

助动词的主要作用a.表示时态。如：Heissinging.他在唱歌。

Hehasgotmarried.他已结婚。

b.表示语态。如：HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。

c.构成疑问句。如：D。youlikecollegelife?你喜欢大学生活吗？

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。如：Idon'tlikehim.我不喜欢他。

e.加强语气。如：Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

Hedidknowthat.他的确知道那件事。

最常用的助动词有：

be,have,do,shall,will,should,wouldo

助动词be的用法：l)be+现在分词，构成进行时态。如:Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。

Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。

2)be+过去分词，构成被动语态。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。

Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。

3)be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如：

HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.他下周要去纽约。

Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.我们要教新生。

b.表示命令。如：Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解释。

c.征求意见。如:HowamItoanswerhim?我该怎样答复他？

d.表示相约、商定。如:Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早

晨7点在校门口集合。

助动词have的用法:l)have+过去分词，构成完成时态。如：HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。

Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。如:IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.

我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。如：EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformany

years.中国教英语已经多年。

助动词do的用法:1)构成一般疑问句。如：D。youwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？

2)do+not构成否定句。如:Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不想学习。

Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要

性。

3）构成否定祈使句。如：Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。

说明：构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。如:Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会。

Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。

5）用于倒装句，例如：NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。

OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.

只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。

6）用作代动词，例如：一DoyoulikeBeijing?你喜欢北京吗？一Yes,Ido.是的，喜欢。

（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）

Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?他知道如何开车，对吧?

助动词shall和will的用法:shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我将更加努力地学习英语。

HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。

助动词should,would的用法：

1）should无词义，是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。如：

ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较:"WhatshallIdonextweek?"!asked."我下周干什么？"我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，

变成了should,,）

2）would也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。

比较:"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说：“我要去那儿.”

变成间接引语就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would,go变成了come。

短语助动词

由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。

如:have(got)to,hadbetter,wouldsooner/rather(...than),beto,belikelyto,besupposedto,

oughtto,usedto,beaboutto,beableto,etc.

have(got)to表示“得做某事”，或提出建议，其否定形式nothaveto意为“不必”。

wouldrather/sooner(…than)的意思是“宁愿”。

beto表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式的指示和命令。belikely的意思是某事有可能发生活可能是真的。

besupposedto用来表示"被期望"或"应该"。其否定形式benotsupposedto用来表示"不允许”。

usedto表示“过去一直"或"过去经常工

一.单项选择

1.Jack'sillfsotheychangetheirplans.

A.mustB.shouldC.havegottoD.oughtto

2.Ifitisfinetomorrow,weafootballmatch.

A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas

3.Inthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialist

construction.

A・hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade

4.1gotobeduntilIfinishedmywork.

A.don't/hadB.didn't/haveGdidnrt/hadD.don't/have

5.Nosoonerhearrivedhomethanhetostartonanotherjourney.

A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedD.had/wasasked

6."yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.

A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May

7.Hewasagoodrunnersoheescapefromthepolice.

A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto

练习狂练

醐嘲+牖

好4

二.完型填空

ThisstorytookplaceinIsrael.

Onedaywhensomegovernmentofficialswererebuildingabam,theyfoundamoosehole

andusedsmoketo16themiceout.Latertheyindeedsawmicerunningout,oneafter

another.

Then,thinkingallthemicehadescaped,theofficialsstartedtoVJ_up.Theysawtwomice

squeezing（挤）outofthehole.The18thingwasthattheydidnot19immediately.Instead,one

chasedaftertheothernearthe20ofthehole.Itseemedthatonewastryingtobitethe21

oftheother.

Everyone22closertotakealook.Theyrealizedthatoneofthemicewas23and

theotherwastryingtoallowtheonethatcouldnotseetobiteonhistailsohecouldhelphimescape.

24whathappened,everyonewas25andlostinthought.

OneRomeofficialsaid："Therelationshipbetweenthosetwomicemustbe26ofemperorandminister."The

othersagreed.

AnIsraelisaid："IthinktherelationshipbetweenthemwashusbandandWife."Againtheothersallfeltitmade

27

AChinese,whowasaccustomedtothefirmtraditionof28toparents,said："Theyaremotherandson."The

othersthoughtforawhileandfeltthiswasmore29.Sotheyapprovedonceagain.

Atthatmoment,one30child,whowasrestinghischininhispalms,31lookedatotherpeople,asking：aWhy

didthosetwomicehavetohaveacertain32?”

Theatmosphere33.TheRomeofficial,theIsraeliandtheChinese,allloweredtheirheads34,anddidnot

daretorespond.

Infact,thetrueloveisnot35onbenefit,friendshipandloyaltyorbloodrelationship.Instead,itisbasedonno

relationship.

16.A.persuadeB.makeC.forceD.help

17.A.cleanB.turnC.takeD.pick

18.A.strangeB.normalC.funnyD.interesting

19.A.takeawayB.giveawayC.walkawayD.runaway

20.A.entranceB.exitC.pathD.passage

21.A.earB.hindlegC.furD.tail

22.A.steppedB.crawledC.climbedD.crowded

23.A.deafB.blindC.disabledD.mute

24.A.WitnessingB.LookingC.UnderstandingD.Concerning

25.A.surprisingB.indifferentC.puzzledD.speechless

26.A.thisB.itC.thatD.one

27.A.adifferenceB.senseC.astoryD.peace

28.A.loyaltyB.truthC.honestyD.closeness

29.A.visibleB.sensibleC.reasonableD.explainable

30.A.simple-mindedB.warm-heartedC.bard-handedD.pure-minded

31.A.surprisinglyB.confusedlyC.eagerlyD.hurriedly

32.A.relationshipB・friendshipC.citizenshipD.membership

33.A.stoppedB.heatedC.frozeD.condensed

34.A.indespairB.inshockC.insurpriseD.inshame

35.A.establishedB.builtC.madeD.existed

16—20CAADB21—25DABAD26—30CBACD31—35BACDA

三.阅读理解

Hereareafewtipswe'veputtogethertohelpyoulearnEnglishwell.

Speak,speaksspeak!

Practisespeakingasoftenasyoncan—evenspeakingtoyourselfisgoodpractice.Tryrecordingyourselfwhenever

youcan.Compareyourpronunciationwiththemasterversion,seehowyoucandobetterandhaveanothergo.Ifyondo

thisseveraltimes,youwillfindthateachversionisbetterthanthelast.

Whynotlearnwithsomeoneelse?

Ithelpsifyoucanlearnwithsomeoneelse.Ifyoncanpersuadeafriendorfamilymembertostudywithyon,itwill

makeyoukeepworking.Agreetimestomeetandsetgoalsfortheweek,andtesteachotherregularly.

Don'tgetstuckbyawordyoudon'tknow

Practiseimprovising(即兴的)waysofgettingyourmeaningacrosswhenspeakingspontaneously(本能地)，evenif

yondon'tknowtheexactwordsorphrases.Thinkofthingsyonmightwanttosaywheneveryonhavesparetime.Abasic

exampleistheriseoftenses.Ifyoudon'tknowthepasttensebutwanttotalkaboutyesterday,usetheverbinthepresent

tenseandusethewordfof'yesterday^.Usefacialexpression,handmovements,anythingtogetyourmeaningacross.

Languagelearningisalsoaboutintuition(直觉)

Guessworkisanimportantstrategyinlearninganewlanguage.Whenlisteningtorecordedmaterial,yonaren't

expectedtounderstandeverythingfirsttimeround.Ifyouplaythesamepieceseveraltimes,youwillmostprobably

understandsomethingneweachtime.Learntomakemaximumuseofallthecluesyoncanpickup.Forexample,whatdo

thespeakerssoundlike?Happy?Angry?Calm?etc.

Buildupyourvocabulary

Awidevocabularyisthekeytosuccessfullanguagelearningbutdon'ttrytolearntoomachatonce.Ifsbestto

studyfrequently,forshortperiodsoftime.Takeamaximumofsixorsevenitemsofvocabularyandlearnthem.Put

themintosentencestofixtheminyourmind,thencomebacktothemlater.Muchofthevocabularyinthecourseis

presentedbytopic.

Andabovealbhavefun!

()36.Whyshouldonehavehimselfrecordedwhenpractisingspeaking?

A.ToencourageotherstostartB.Torecordhisownprogress.

C.Toimprovehisspeaking.D.Tocomparehimselfwithothers.

()37.WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinlearningEnglish?

A.Speaking.B.Pleasure.C.Intuition.D.Vocabulary.

()38.ltisimpliedinthepassagethatishelpfulwhenyouarelearningEnglish.

A.bodylanguageB.agoodmemory

C.agoodfriendD.aproperdictionary

()39.Whichofthefollowingproverbs(谚语)seemsnottobealwaystrueinlearningalanguage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.

C.Romeisnotbuiltinaday.D.Don'trunbeforeyoucanwalk.

IntroductoryChemistrywastaughtatDukeUniversityformanyyearsbyprofessorBonk.Oneyear,twoguystook

theclassanddidprettywellonallthequizzesandmid-terms.TheyeachhadasolidA.Thesetwofriendswereso

confidentingoingintothefinalthattheweekendbeforefinalsweek,despitetheChemistryfinalbeingonMonday,they

decidedtogototheUniversityofVirginiatopartywithsomefriends.

Theyhadagreattimethere.However,withtheirhangovers（宿醉）andtiredness,theyoversleptalldaySundayand

didn'tmakeitbacktoDukeuntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theyfoundprofessorBonk

afterthefinalandexplainedtohimhowtheymissedthefinal.TheytoldhimtheywentuptotheUniversityofVirginia

fortheweekendandhadplannedtocomebackintimetostudy,buttheyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn'thavea

spare.Sotheywerelategettingbacktocampus.

Bonkthoughtthisoverandagreedthattheycouldtakethefinalthefollowingday.Thetwoguys,happyand

relieved,studiedthatnightandwentinthenextdayatthetimethatBonkhadtoldthem.Heplacedtheminseparate

roomsandhandedeachofthematestbooklet.Hetoldthemtobegin.

Theylookedatthefirstproblemwhichwassomethingsimpleaboutsolution（溶糖军）.Itwasworth5points.^^Cool,^^

theythought,tcthisisgoingtobeaneasyfinaF,.Theythenturnedthepage.Theywereunprepared,however,forwhat

theysawonit.Thequestioncontainedonlytwowords:（95points）Whichtire?

40.ThetwoguysdecidedtogototheUniversityofVirginiabecause.

A.theywereafraidofthefinalB.therewasapartythere

C.thefinalwouldbeheldthereD.theythoughttheycouldpassthefinaleasily

41.Fromthepassageweknow.

A.thetwoguyscamebacktocampuslateonpurpose

B.Bonkwasn'tstrictwiththetwoguys

C.repairingtheflattiretookthetwoguysalotoftime

D.Bonkdidn'tbelievethetwoguys'explanation

42.Afterthefinal,they.

A.maymakeanapologytoprofessorBonkB.musthavethesamescores

C.wouldn'tbeconfidentintheirChemistryD.wouldfeelhappyandrelieved

43.Fromthepassagewecangetalessonthat.

A.hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothingB.heiswisethatishonest

C.oneneverlosesanythingbypolitenessD.thinktwicebeforeyoudo

Ifyouwishtobecomeabetterreader,herearefourimportantpointstorememberaboutrate,orspeed,ofreading:

1.Knowingwhyyouarereading-whatyouarereadingtofindout-willoftenhelpyoutoknowwhethertoread

rapidlyorslowly.

2.Somethingsshouldbereadslowlythroughout.Examplesaredirectionsformakingordoingsomething,

arithmeticproblems,scienceandhistorybooks,whicharefullofimportantinformation.Youmustreadsuchthings

slowlytoremembereachimportantstepandunderstandeachimportantidea.

3.Somethingsshouldbereadrapidlythroughout.Examplesaresimplestoriesmeantforenjoyment,news,and

lettersfromfriends,items,orbitsofnewsfromlocal,orhometown,paper,tellingwhatishappeningtofriendsand

neighbors.

4.Insomeofyourreadings,youmustchangeyourspeedfromfasttoslowtofast,asyougoalong.Youneedto

readcertainpagesrapidlyandthenslowdownanddomorecarefulreadingswhenyoucometoimportantideaswhich

mustberemembered.

()44.Accordingtothepassage,yourreadingspeeddependson.

A.whetherthereadingmaterialiseasyordifficult

B.whatyouarereading

C.whatyourpurposeinreadingsomethingis

D.bothBandC

()45.Ifonewantstoberelaxedbyreading,oneshouldtakeup.

A.astorybookB.abookonscienceandtechnology

C.news,lettersfromfriendsD.somematerialfullofinformation

()46.Whichofthefollowingreadingsshouldyoureadslowlyandcarefully?

A.Fairytales.B.Aesop?sFables.

C.DirectionsforuseofamachineD.Aneveningpaper.

()47.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpressthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtodecideyourreadingspeed.

B.Howtoraiseyourreadingspeed.

C.Howtoimproveyourreadingskills.

D.Howtochooseyourreadingmaterials.

Ajoblessmanappliedforthepositionof“officeboy^^atMicrosoft.TheHRmanagerinterviewedhimandthenwatched

himcleaningthefloorasatest.

“Youareemployed,hesaid."Givemeyoure-mailaddressandI'llsendyoutheapplicationtofillin,aswellasdate

whenyoumaystart.”

Themanreplied,t4ButIdon'thaveacomputer,neitherane-mail.”

"I'msorry,“saidtheHRmanager."Ifyoudon'thaveane-mail,thatmeansyoudonotexist.Andwhoeverdoesn't

existcannothavethejob.”

Themanleftwithnohopeatall.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo,withonlytendollarsinhispocket.Hethendecidedto

gotothesupermarketandbuy10kgtomatoes.Hethensoldthetomatoesfromdoortodoor.Inlessthantwohours,he

succeededtodoublehiscapital.Herepeatedtheoperationthreetimes,andreturnedhomehappilywith60dollars.

Themanrealizedthathecansurviveinthisway,andstartedtogoeverydayearlier,andreturnlate.Thus,hismoney

doubledortripledeveryday.Shortly,heboughtacart,thenatruck,andthenhehadhisownfleetofdelivery

vehicles.Fiveyearslater,