2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习阅读理解解题技巧

2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习

阅读理解解题技巧题型分析01主旨归纳题顾名思义，主旨归纳题主要考察同学们对文章内容以及段落大意的总体掌握。主旨归纳题目常见的形式有：1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?该题型的选项往往都能在文章中找到。而正确答案通常是概括性强及主题突出的句子。做这类题目容易以偏概全，所以同学们尤其要注意从文章结构中来找寻主旨句。主题句一般出现在文中三个位置：①段首句是主题句②but后是主题句③段尾句是主题句（文章首段）例如：ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.(主题句)ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(主题句)Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(优先).Thisviewisshortsighted.(主题句)从以上例子来看，这三个位置是我们在做主旨归纳题时首要关注的地方。在找到主题句之后，就能更好地归纳文章以及段落的主旨大意，拿到分数也就不在话下了。词义推断题词义推断题尤其考察同学们对于句子的理解。题型设计对某个单词或者词组释义的猜测，对文中的多义词的含义进行确定，或者是判断某个代词的指示对象。常见的题型为：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthefirstparagraphmeans?2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencerefersto_____?3.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheword“crept”具体的解题思路如下：①根据同义词和反义词猜词这个方法尤其适用于and或者or连接的词组，例如happinessandsorrow，我们不认识sorrow这个词，但是根据happiness可以猜测，这个词的意思是“悲伤”。②根据句意猜词通过句意猜词，需要同学们把握语境，知道整个句子在表达什么。例如：Asshegotclose,shesawthethief,shejumpedoutofthebed,openedthedoorandcrepttowardsadarkshadow.。题干要求找出crept的同义词，选项为movedslowly,rushedout,threwaway,gotup.根据这句话的语境，当主人公发现小偷的时候，她应该是“悄无声息，慢慢地”靠近小偷，因此同义的词组是movedslowly。以意群为单位，成组视读分清意群，停顿娴熟，不仅是朗诵的关键，更是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读是以意群为单位，而非以单词或词组为单位。成组视读是说用眼睛扫视，不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是向探照灯一样根据意群，一组组的进行扫视，句子是看做一个整体结构的，被收纳的是信息，而不是单个的词汇。首尾在心，紧扣中心任何一个作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章也都会有自己的中心主旨，为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意。学会跳读，心中有图阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要纵览全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，比如大家可以通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，让文章的框架更加直观化、形象化、具体化。请善于猜测词义各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思。比如有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明;有的词汇(多数为名词)只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思;有些生词实在没有线索也不必太在意，因为1、2个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，如果大家因为不认识生词慌了阵脚，才会得不偿失影响自己的发挥。当然，英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。巧用阅读中的各种符号逗号用于分割并列成分，两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后，如果是补充说明成分，就可以跳过不看节省时间。Eg.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.句号如果是用于陈述句，表示一个句子的结束，就会起到分割切分句子的作用。用于某些缩略词之后，比如Mr./Ms.等。如果句号作为简写符号使用，那么这个词语简写前后的符号应该照常写上，因为简写号并不是句号，也不需要遵循句号的语法。Eg.EnterpriseCo.,Ltd或者IinvitedTom,Jerry,etc..冒号冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步补充说明前面的内容。Eg.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(Drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Theword“pervasive”mightmean_____.AwidespreadBoverwhelmingCpiercingDfashionable分号前后是并列关系，包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。比如在下面的例子中，分好前后就是语义上的并列，是对同一种情况的补充说明。Eg.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahadarrived.引号在阅读文章中，引号主要有三种作用：引用、强调和讽刺。所以同学们在看到引号时，需要特别注意区分是哪种作用。Eg.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.模拟练习02Untilthe1990scoffeewasrarelyservedinChinaexceptatluxuryhotelsaimedatforeigners.WhenStarbucksopeneditsfirstoutlettherein1999,itwasfarfromclearthatthecountry’savidtea-drinkerswouldtaketosuchadifferent-andusuallymorecostly-sourceofcaffeine.Starbuckstriedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee’sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions(调和)suchasFrappuccinos.ButcoffeehasbecomefashionableamongthemiddleclassinChina.Starbucksnowhasabout3,800outletsinChina-morethaninanyothercountryoutsideAmerica.Statista,abusiness-intelligenceportal(门户网站),saystheroastcoffeemarketinChinaisgrowingbymorethan10%year.Starbucksanditsrivalsseebigopportunitiesforexpandingthere.Sotoo,however,dohome-growncompetitors.AmajornewpresenceisLuckinCoffee,Beijing-basedchain.Sinceitsfoundinglessthantwoyearsago,ithasopenedmorethan2,300outlets.OnMay17thLuckin’sinitialpublicofferingontheNasdaqstockmarketraisedmorethan$570m,givingitavalueofabout$4bn.Luckin’sremarkablegrowthissignofchange.NolongerdoChineseconsumersseecoffeeassuchaluxury.MostofLuckin’soutletsaremerelykioskswherebusywhite-collarworkerspickuptheirdrinks,havingorderedthemonline.Super-fastdeliverycanalsobearrangedthroughthecompany’sapp.Independentcoffeeshopsarespringingup.Thegrowthisstrikinggiventhecountry’sreputationforitstea-drinkingculturewheremanyresidentsliketorelaxinteahousessippingteaservedgracefully.Butthetwomarketsaredifferent.Theteahousestendtocatertoolderpeoplewholiketospendlonghoursplayingmahjongandgossiping.Atthecoffeeshopsitisraretoseeanyoneover40.Youngpeopleusethemforsocialising,butmuchoftheirinteractionisonline-sharingphotosoftheirdrinksandofthecoffee-makingequipment.AnoptionontheChineseratingappDianpingallowsuserstosearchforwanghong("internetviral")coffeehouses:oneswithparticularlyphotogenicdecor(照片装饰)WherebettertosipandWeChat?28.HowdidStarbuckstrytoappealtoChineseconsumers?A.Byreducingthepriceslightly.B.Byintroducingthebenefitsofcoffee.C.Bymakingcoffeetastenotsobitter.D.Bypromotingitsproductseffectively.29.WhatdoesLuckinCoffee’sgrowthsuggest?A.Peopletendtolikecoffee’sbittertaste.B.People’sviewsoncoffee-drinkinghavechanged.C.PeopleinChinacanaffordcoffeenow.D.TeaisnolongerpartofChineseculture.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"kiosksinparagraph4mean?A.Placeswherepeoplecandrinkbeer.B.Restaurantswherefoodcanbetakenaway.C.Shopsaimedatpeoplewholikedrinkingcoffee.D.Smallshopsorstoreswherenewspapersanddrinksaresold.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CoffeeistakingoffinChina.B.Tea-drinkingisnotpopular.C.Coffeeortea,whichdoyouprefer?D.Coffeehasbecomepeople’sfavoriteinChina.【答案】38.C39.B40.D41.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了咖啡进入中国市场的历史以及现状。28.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Starbuckstriedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee’sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions可知，星巴克通过加牛奶和多糖调和物的方式吸引更多顾客来尝试这种不习惯的咖啡的苦味。也就是说他们试图让咖啡不是那么苦。故选C。29.推理判断题。根据第四段第一和第二句可知瑞幸咖啡的快速增长是一个改变的标志，意味着中国消费者不再把咖啡当做是奢侈品。也就是说中国人对咖啡的看法发生了改变，故选B。30.词句猜测题。根据第四段该词后内容可知，在这个地方忙碌的白领员工能拿他们之前网上定好的咖啡。并且由下文中的“Independentcoffeeshopsarespringingup.（独立的咖啡店正在兴起）”可知，划线单词意味着不是独立的咖啡店，那可以推测就是像书报亭一样的地方。故选D。31.主旨大意题。本文从1999年星巴克入住中国，到中国本土的瑞幸咖啡的兴起，从中国人不习惯咖啡的苦味道到态度的转变，主要讲述了咖啡在中国的兴起。故选A。猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。但除了释义句我们还可以利用篇章结构找到其对应词语帮助我们解题。例如本文主要可以通过现在的kiosks与正在兴起的Independentcoffeeshops的对比关系，确定kiosks不是独立的咖啡店。再根据其后的定语从句确定它应该是路边小店。故选D。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury(评审团)memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“IwasincompleteshockwhenIgotthatphonecallandthatquestionifIwantedtobeamemberoftheCannesJury,”Fanningsaidduringapressconference.Asitturnedout,itnotonlyshockedtheUSactress,butalsobroughtcriticismfromthosewhobelievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteransintheindustry.ButFanning’sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargumentforherjurymembership.Infact,FanninghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourealize.The21-year-oldhasbeeninmanybigproductions.ShebeganactinginIAmSamatage2.WithleadrolesinmovieslikeSuper8,WeBoughtaZooandMaleficentunderherbelt(取得成功),she’sappearedin60projectsandisoneofHollywood’shottestyoungstars.Fanning’sdevotiontoworknumbersheramongthefewformerchildstarswhocontinuetoactasadults.InherlatestmovieTeenSpirit,whichhitUScinemaslastmonth,Fanningplaysapopsinger.Sinceshehadnosingingexperience,FanninghadtoworkwithGrammy-winningmusicproducerMariusdeVriesforthreemonthsbeforethefilmingstarted.“Iwouldgotohisapartmentandsingthroughallthesongseveryday,”shesaid.“Hevideoedmeandrecordedmesingingeverythingandmademewatchitbackagainandagaintoimprovemyskills.”Withsuchrichactingexperienceanddevotiontoherart,“Fanningcertainlywasabletorepresentanewclassinfilm”attheCannesFilmFestival.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“veterans”probablymean?A.shockedactresses B.greenhands Cexperiencedpeople D.musicproducers5.InwhichfilmdoesFanningplayapopsinger?A.IamSam. B.Super8. C.WeboughtaZoo. D.TeenSpirit.6.WhatdoesthewrierthinkofElleFanning?A.Wealthy B.Devoted. C.Considerate D.Friendly.7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ElleFanning’searningherhonor B.A