高考英语总复习优化设计UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

必修第一册UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD英语2023高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI内容索引背主题词汇积写作素材通词句基础自测提能力增分课堂研真题链接高考微专题精准突破测效果课堂评价背主题词汇积写作素材主题:语言学习

单词

一、学习内容

1.phrase

n.短语

2.idiom

n.习语;成语

3.pronunciation

n.发音

4.grammar

n.语法

5.practice

n.练习

6.standard

n.&

adj.标准(的)7.knowledge

n.知识;学问

8.communication

n.交流

9.pronounce

vt.发音

10.spell

vt.拼写二、学习现状

1.accuracy

n.准确;精确

2.fault

n.缺点;毛病

3.perfect

adj.完美的;极好的

4.abundant

adj.大量的;丰富的

5.wonderful

adj.美妙的;精彩的;了不起的;太好了

6.splendid

adj.灿烂的;辉煌的;(口语)极好的

7.master

vt.精通;掌握

8.acquire

v.获得;得到

9.overcome

v.克服;解决

10.enlarge

vt.扩大词块

1.watch

cartoons看动画片

2.full

name全名

3.a

British

accent英国口音

4.written

Chinese汉语书面语

5.refer

to/consult

a

dictionary

查词典

6.in

ancient/modern

times在古/现代

7.enlarge

one’s

vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量

8.global

affairs全球事务9.writing

system书写体系

10.American

English美式英语

11.primary

school小学

12.get

high

marks得高分

13.a

beautiful

art

form一种美丽的艺术形式

14.native

speakers说母语人士通词句基础自测教材单词必背写作词汇1.

adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的

n.本地人2.

n.态度;看法3.

n.体系;制度;系统4.

prep.即使;尽管5.

n.因素;要素6.

n.符号;象征native

attitude

system

despite

factor

symbol

7.

n.方式;方法;途径8.

n.尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待9.

n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点10.

n.公共事务;事件;关系11.

adj.特定的;明确的;具体的12.

n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗13.

vt.恳求;祈求;哀求14.

n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问means

regard

character

affair

specific

struggle

beg

demand识记阅读词汇1.billionn.

2.bonen.

3.shelln.

4.carvevt.&vi.

5.dynastyn.

6.dialectn.

7.classicadj.

n.

十亿骨头;骨(质)

壳;壳状物雕刻

王朝;朝代地方话;方言传统的;最优秀的;典型的经典作品;名著8.calligraphyn.

9.tonguen.

10.semestern.

11.petroln.

12.subwayn.

13.apartmentn.

14.pantsn.[pl.]

15.gapn.

16.vocabularyn.

书法;书法艺术舌头;语言学期汽油地铁公寓套房内裤;短裤;裤子间隔;开口;差距

词汇

构织连脉词汇1.

vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助于→

n.指称关系;参考

2.

adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→

vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据→__________adj.基本的;基础的

3.

n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→

vi.变化→

adj.各种各样的

4.

adj.主要的;重要的;大的n.主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究→

n.大多数;大半

referreference

basedbasebasic

varietyvaryvariousmajormajority

5.

adj.全球的;全世界的→

n.球体;地球仪;地球

6.

vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会

vi.增值→

n.欣赏;鉴赏;感激;理解

7.

n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的→

adv.相同地;等同地→

n.同等;平等

8.

n.描写(文字);形容→

vt.描写;描述

9.

vt.联系;讲述→

adj.相关的→

n.联系;关系

globalglobe

appreciateappreciationequalequallyequality

descriptiondescribe

relaterelatedrelation常用短语1.

浮沉;兴衰;荣辱

2.

观点;看法3.

指的是;描述;提到;查阅4.

与……相关;涉及;谈到5.

起着……的作用6.

感觉像7.

越来越多的8.

导致upsanddowns

pointofview

referto

relateto

playa(n)...rolein

feellike

anincreasingnumberof

leadto

9.bebasedon

10.usedto

11.datebackto...

12.havealotoftroublewith

以……为基础过去常常追溯到……

对于……有很多麻烦重点句型1.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leading

tomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.【尝试翻译】

多年以来,这种(书写)体系发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。

【考点凝练】

动词-ing形式作结果状语2.Thatwritingsystemwas

of

great

importanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.【尝试翻译】

【考点凝练】

“beof+抽象名词”结构,相当于该名词对应的形容词

那一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。

3.Eventoday,no

matter

whereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.【尝试翻译】

【考点凝练】nomatterwhere引导让步状语从句4.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;the

moreIlearntofalanguage,the

moremybrainwouldgrow.【考点凝练】

“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”意为“越……就越……”。

【尝试翻译】

即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

这是对大脑的锻炼;我对一门语言学得越多,我的智力就增长得越快。

单元词句小测Ⅰ.单词小测1.Thereare

goodsinthesupermarket,andtheprices

fromcentstodollars.The

attractsmanycustomers.(various)

2.He

therobberyindetailtothepolicemanandhis

wasveryvaluable—thepolicecaughttherobberinashorttime.(describe)

3.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause-effect

betweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords,yourhealthis

towhatyoueat.(relate)

variousvaryvariety

describeddescription

relationrelated

4.Allmenareborn

,soeveryonehopestobetreated_________because

isthebasicdemand.(equal)

5.Oneofthe

problemsisthata

ofthegraduateswho

inEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)

equalequallyequality

majormajoritymajorⅡ.短语小测EachnationhasitsowntonguebutinMary’s1.

(看法),languagechanges2.

(和……有关)thevarietyofpoliticalsystemsandcivilisationsofdifferentcountries.Somelanguagescan3.

(追溯到)theearliestdynasty.With4.

(兴衰)ofanation,itslanguageisconstantlychanging.Nomatterhowlanguagedevelops,itisasymbolofanation.SheespeciallyappreciatesclassicChineseliterature,soshetrieseverymeansto5.

(查阅)Chineseclassicswhich6.

(以……为基础)ancientChinesecultureandcivilisation.

pointofview

relateto

datebackto

upsanddowns

referto

arebasedonⅢ.句型小测——高考情景仿写1.他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。(现在分词短语作状语)Heturnedoffthelamp,

.

2.因为世界变成了一个地球村,掌握好英语对我们大家都很重要。(beof+抽象名词)Astheworldhasbecomeaglobalvillage,havingagoodknowledgeofEnglish

.

seeingnothing

isofgreatimportancetousall

3.无论走到哪里,他总是带着手机。(nomatterwhere)

,hetookhiscellphonewithhim.

4.就我个人而言,你剪纸练习得越多,你就会越擅长它。(the+比较级,the+比较级)Inmyopinion,

,

.

Nomatterwherehewent

themoreyoupractisepaper-cuttingthebetteratityouwillbecome提能力增分课堂核心词汇突破1.refer

vi.提到;参考;查阅

vt.查询;叫……求助于【练会】单句填空①He

(refer)tothesystemthatisrelatedtothewelfareofbillionsofpeopleattheconference.

②Thepublishersreprintedandsoldthebookwithout

(refer)totheauthor.

③Theyalwaysrefertome

abookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoreading.

referred

reference/referringas

【写美】完成句子·背诵④关于餐桌礼仪,我想给你一些建议,希望对你有帮助。

tablemanners,Iwanttogiveyousomesuggestionsandhopethattheywillbehelpfultoyou.

In/Withreferenceto【归纳】(1)refer

to指的是;描述;提到;查阅refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……refer

to...as...把……称作……(2)reference

n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目in/with

reference

to

sb

/sth关于【点津】refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写r,再加ed或ing。类似的词还有prefer。2.base

vt.以……为据点;以……为基础

n.底部;根据【练会】单句填空/完成句子①Thereportis

onfiguresfromdifferentschools.

,thereisanurgentneedof

facilitiesforstudents.(base)

②Thefilm

(以真实的故事为基础)anditturnedouttobeahugehit.

basedBasicallybasic

wasbasedonatruestory【写美】句式升级·背诵→③_________________________________________________________

(用定语从句改写句②)

→④______________________________________________________(用分词短语作状语改写句②)

Thefilmwhich/thatwasbasedonatruestoryturnedouttobeahugehit.Basedonatruestory,thefilmturnedouttobeahugehit.【归纳】(1)base

...on/upon...以……为基础/依据be

based

on/upon...以……为基础/依据(2)basis

n.基础on

the

basis

of

...根据……;在……的基础上(3)basic

adj.基本的;基础的basically

adv.基本上;大体上【佳句】Don’tjudgeonebased

onwhatyousee.不要根据你所看到的去评价一个人。3.date

back(to...)追溯到【练会】单句填空/词汇升级①Myinterestinstampcollecting

(date)backtomyschooldays.

②Everyoneshouldkeepongettinghimselfeducatedsoastobeup

datewithmoderntechnology.

③Thedictionaryisold:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.

dates

to

outofdate【写美】一句多译·背诵中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1,000多年前。④Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistorywhich

.

⑤Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistory

.(分词作定语)

datesfrom/backtomorethan1,000yearsagodatingfrom/backtomorethan1,000yearsago【归纳】(1)up

to

date时髦的out

of

date过时的to

date迄今;到目前为止set

a

date

for

...确定……的日期(2)go

back

to追溯到……【点津】(1)datebackto和datefrom一般无进行时态和被动语态。(2)datebackto和datefrom作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。【佳句】Calligraphyisanartformdating

back

totheHanDynasty.书法是一种可以追溯到汉代的艺术形式。4.variety

n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化;多变(性)【练会】单句填空①Oneoftheadvantagesisthatwecanfind

(variety)topics,suchasscience,cultureandhistory.

②Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseages

(various)from10to15.

③(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishing

(vary)ofwildlife.

various

vary

variety

【写美】词汇/句式升级·背诵④Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium.Ithasall

kinds

ofwell-equippedfacilities.→Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium,

.(升级加黑词;定语从句)

whichhasvarious/varietiesof/avarietyofwell-equippedfacilities(2)various

adj.不同的;各种各样的for

various

reasons

由于种种原因(3)vary

vt.&vi.改变;变化;不同;使多样化vary

from...to...从……到……不等;在……到……之间变动【点津】avarietyof(varietiesof)既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。5.major

adj.主要的;重要的;大的

n.主修课程;主修学生

vi.主修;专门研究【练会】单句填空①Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplays

(be)reallyfunny.

②Ihopetogainabitmoreknowledgeofgardeningsothatitcanhelpmetomajor

thegardeningafterattendingcollege.

were

in

【写美】完成句子·背诵③有些人中途放弃了,但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。Somepeoplegaveuphalfway,but

madeittothefinishingline.

themajorityoftheparticipants【归纳】(1)major

in主修……(2)an

English

major英语专业的学生(3)majority

n.大部分;大多数a/the

majority

of大多数in

a/the

majority占大多数【点津】themajorityof后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;后接集合名词作主语时,若集合名词视为整体,则谓语动词用单数,若集合名词考虑个体,则谓语动词用复数。6.means

n.方式;方法;途径【练会】单句填空①Everypossiblemeans

(try)/Allpossiblemeans

(try),butnonehasworked.

②Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappened

meansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.

③Hewas

nomeanssatisfiedwiththeprogressoftheproject,soheaskedustofinishitby

means.

hasbeentriedhavebeentriedbybyall

【写美】句式升级·背诵→④__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句升级句③)

Bynomeanswashesatisfiedwiththeprogressoftheproject,soheaskedustofinishitbyallmeans.【归纳】(1)a

means

of(doing)sth(做)某事的方法、途径means

of

production/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)by

this

means用这种方法by

means

of用,依靠;通过by

all

means无论如何;当然可以(口语)by

no

means决不;无论如何都不(位于句首,句子要部分倒装)【点津】means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。7.appreciate

vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会

vi.增值【练会】单句填空①Frommypointofview,weshouldlearn

(appreciate)lifeandholdapositiveattitudedespitetheupsanddowns.

②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMomwith

(appreciate).

③Ireallyappreciate

(work)withsomeonewhofullyappreciatesthesignificanceofhardwork.

toappreciateappreciation

working

【写美】完成句子·背诵④如果你愿意帮助我们,我将非常感激。

youarewillingtogiveahandtous.

Iwouldtrulyappreciateitif【归纳】(1)appreciate+n./pron./v.-ing重视/感激……I

would

appreciate

it

if

...假如……,我将不胜感激appreciate+that/wh-从句

理解/意识到……(2)appreciation

n.欣赏;感激convey/express

one’s

appreciation表达感激【点津】当appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/relyon等词后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语从句。8.struggle

n.&

vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗【练会】单句填空①Atpresent,Chinahastostruggle

allkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.

②Somefarmerswouldliketoleavetheirhometownandgotoworkincities,struggling

(provide)bettereducationfortheirchildren.

③Workersarestruggling

acleancanteenandhealthyfood.

against/withtoprovidefor

【写美】句式升级·背诵④Maryhadstruggledformonthstofindajob,andfinallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.→

,Maryfinallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(用分词作状语改写)

Havingstruggledformonthstofindajob【归纳】(1)struggle

for

...为……而斗争struggle

with/against

sb

/sth与某人/某事做斗争struggle

to

do

sth努力做某事struggle

to

one’s

feet

挣扎着站起来(2)it

is

a

struggle(for

sb)to

do

sth(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事【佳句】Hetriedtostruggle

to

his

feet,butfailed.他努力挣扎着站起来,但失败了。9.equal

n.同等的人;相等物

adj.相同的;同样的

vt.比得上;敌得过【练会】单句填空①Youshouldbepositiveandcheerful,foryourmentalhealthisequal

yourphysicalhealth.

②Inmyheart,MichaelJordanis

equalinplayingbasketball.

③Menandwomenmustbetreated

(equal)ineducationandemployment.

towithout

equally

【写美】一句多译·背诵我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观画廊,我确信我能胜任这项工作。④IcanserveasavolunteertoguidethevisitorsaroundthegalleryandIamconvincedthat

.

⑤IcanserveasavolunteertoguidethevisitorsaroundthegalleryandIholdthefirmbeliefthatI

.

Iamequaltothejobamfitfor/qualifiedforthejob【归纳】(1)be

equal

to

sth/doing

sth等于/胜任(做)某事(2)equal

sb/sth

in

(doing)

sth在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/物(3)be

without

equal=have

no

equal无与伦比(4)equality

n.平等;相等(5)equally

adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地【点津】表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达:①beupto②befitfor③bequalifiedfor10.demand

n.要求;需求

vt.强烈要求;需要

vi.查问【练会】单句填空①WhatIwanttostressisthatsomenewmembersare

demandinourclub.

②Myfathercamedownanddemanded

(know)whathadhappened.

③Itturnsoutthatsuchrobotscanhelpthemost

(demand)tasks.

④Theteacherdemandedthatwe

(struggle)toachieveourgoals.

in

toknow

demanding

(should)struggle【写美】一句多译·背诵因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。⑤Becausepickingapplesinvolvedclimbingtrees,

.

⑥Becausepickingapplesinvolvedclimbingtrees,

.

thefarmersdemandedforustobecautiousandcarefulthefarmersdemandedthatweshouldbecautiousandcareful【归纳】(1)demand(for

sb)to

do

sth要求(某人)做某事demand

that

...(should)do

sth要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)(2)a

demand

for

...对……的需(要)求be

in

great

demand需求量很大meet/satisfy

one’s

demands满足某人的需求【佳句】Withsomanymattersdemandingmyattentionatonce,Isparenotimetochatwithyou.有太多事情需要我立即处理,我抽不出时间和你聊天。11.relate

vt.联系;讲述【练会】单句填空①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelated

yourcommitment.

②Thepositioncallsfor

(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.

③Determiningwherewearein

(relate)tooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

to

related

relation

【写美】一句多译·背诵你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。④Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation

theproblem.(relate)

⑤Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation

theproblem.(relation)

relatedtoinrelationto【归纳】(1)relate

sth

to

sb向某人讲述某事relate

to

与……相关;涉及;谈到(2)related

adj.相关的;有联系的be

related

to...

与……有关(3)relation

n.关系,联系in

relation

to关于【佳句】Inthefuture,payincreaseswillbe

related

toproductivity.以后,工资的上涨将和业绩挂钩。★补遗缺

微点练全Ⅰ.一词多义regardA.n.尊重B.n.问候C.vt.看待;把……视为D.vt.(尤指以某种方式)注视1.(2020·江苏卷)ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentascatastrophic.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.

2.Ihaveaveryhighregardforhimandwhathehasachieved.

3.Pleasegivemyregardstoyourparents.

4.Sheregardedhimcuriouslyforamoment.

CABDⅡ.单句填空1.Asweknow,thekoalaisnative

Australia.

2.Whyisshesoconcernedabouthisattitude

herwork?

3.Thescenerywassobeautifulthatitwasalmost

description.

to

to/towards

beyond重点句型透视1.be

of+抽象名词【教材原句】Thatwritingsystemwas

of

great

importanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.(P62)那一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。【练会】完成句子①I’mwritingtorecommendadictionarytoyou,

(我认为对你很有用).

②Generallyspeaking,theproducts

(高质量)orfamousbrandsarepopularwithpeople.

③Thetworooms

(同样大小).

whichIthinkisofgreatusetoyou

ofhighqualityareofthesamesize【写美】一句多译·背诵我珍惜这个好机会,它在很多方面对我都有好处。④Itreasurethisgoodchanceandit

inmanyways.

⑤Itreasurethisgoodchanceandit

inmanyways.

isofgreatbenefittomeisverybeneficialtome【归纳】(1)be

of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词

(2)“be

of

the

same+抽象名词”用于说明主语的特征(这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式),如:be

of

the

same

size/weight/height/age/colour/kind/type。2.no

matter

where

引导让步状语从句【教材原句】Eventoday,no

matter

whereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(P62)即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。【练会】单句填空①

youneedhelp,Ihopeyoucangetintouchwithme.

②

happens,weshallneverlosehope.

③Nomatter

difficultitwas,noparticipantsgaveuphalfway.

④Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto

winsfirstplaceinthebicyclerace.

Whenever

Whatever

how

whoever

【写美】句式升级·背诵⑤Everyyear,anyonewhomakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.→Everyyear,

willwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(用主语从句改写)

whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkite【归纳】“no

matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever”

在用法上的异同:(1)“no

matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。(2)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever

既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no

matter

what/who/which/whom。(3)whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no

matter

when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。研真题链接高考(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)——语言学习Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.理清脉络真题再做28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.答案

B

解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When

the

world

was

still

populated

by

hunter-gatherers...they

spoke

perhaps

12,000

languages

between

them”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.答案

C

解析

词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“...all

have

caused

many

languages

to

disappear”和下文的“such

as

English,Spanish

and

Chinese

are

increasingly

taking

over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.答案

B

解析

细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At

present,the

world

has

about

6,800

languages”和最后一句中的“is

a

mere

6,000,which

means

that

half

the

world’s

languages

are

spoken

by

fewer

people

than

that”可知,B项正确。31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案

C

解析

主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。语言能力语言能力1.掌握构词知识词根派生词性及词义例句

distribution

Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.

survival

Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.distribute

survive

n.分布

n.幸存

2.猜测生僻词词义Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

消亡3.牢记熟词生义

单词/短语含义例句settled

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.稳定的单词/短语含义例句takeover

Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytaking

over.占上风4.仿写经典句型Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction,with

only

a

few

elderly

speakers

left.仿写:所有的工作都做完了,我们去了附近的社区,把它们送给了住在那里的人。

,wewenttothenearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemtothepeoplelivingthere.

Withalltheworkdone5.破解复杂句式Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.分析:本句是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The

general

rule,is是系动词。其中that引导

从句;在表语从句中,while用作并列连词,表示

。

译文:

表语

前后对比

一般的规律是,温带的语言种类相对较少,且通常有许多人使用,而炎热、潮湿的区域则有很多种语言,通常有少量的人使用。

技法点拨锁定关键词句,破解主旨大意

微专题精准突破Ⅰ.熟词生义练1.address(P61)项目意义例句熟义n.地址,住址;

What’syouremailaddress?n.称呼;致辞;

MrHowardgaveanaddressoneconomicstrategiesinAsia.电子邮箱地址讲话;演讲项目意义例句生义v.

MostpeoplecallmeBob.HowdoIaddressyou?v.

Headdressedthenationlastweek.v.

Pleaseaddressallenquiriestothisoffice.v.

________________________Sowhydidyouopenaletterthatwasaddressedtome?v.

Thenextmeetingwilladdresstheproblemoftruancy.v.

Headdressedmeinlowtunes.称呼发表演说提出在(信封或包裹)上写上姓名(或地址)

对付,应付;处理交谈2.present(P62)项目意义例句熟义n.

Theygavemetheatreticketsasapresent.n.

Theplayissetinthepresent.adj.

;存在的

Therewerenochildrenpresent.adj.

Idon’thaveherpresentaddress.礼物,赠品现在,目前出席的,在场的

现在的,目前的项目意义例句生义n.

Theverbinthissentenc