高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅤReading（Ⅲ）（Lesson4CommunicationWorkshop）讲义北师大版必修

SectionⅤReading(Ⅲ)(Lesson4&CommunicationWorkshop)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.acquire A．adj.值得的()2.worthy B．vt.力劝，强烈要求()3.defence C．v.启发；鼓舞()4.ignore D．adj.有用的，有益的()5.assumption E．vt.(使)适应()6.urge F．adj.极其重要的()7.inspire G．vt.忽视，不顾()8.vital H．n.保卫，保护()9.beneficial I．vt.获得，得到()10.adapt J．n.假定，假设[答案]1－5IAHGJ6－10BCFDEⅡ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思eq\x()()1.Conditionsherearenotwhatsheisaccustomedto.()2.Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.()3.Wecan'tapproveofthissortofthing.()4.Hisnovelstendtobeveryboring.()5.Asawhole,oureffortsdidnotprovetobefutile.[答案]1－5DBECA教师独具(教师用书独具)“Whoquestionsmuch，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561－1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding①.Tostartwith，youneedquestions.Then，tofindanswers，youobservetheworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus，modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However，inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge②，hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.BaconheldanimportantrankunderKingJames(1566－1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucraticdetailsofthegovernment，buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved③.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.Infact，whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse，insteadofbelievinghim，peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2000yearsold！“勤于提问的人学到更多，并且记忆更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561－1626)我们如何获取知识以及如何理解现在似乎很显而易见。首先，你需要问题。然后为了找到答案你观察自己周围的世界，并且研究事实之后你考虑可能的答案，并且加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题对我们来说很幸运。然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的方式时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士(1566－1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不断追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数诗人的兴趣。那时人们更愿意相信宗教，而不是事实。伽利略(1564－1642)这样证明了例如地球不是宇宙的中心等科学观点的人常常受教会惩罚。教会和许多人经常忽略事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切，他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利略证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，却要相信几乎是两千年以前的观点。[助读讲解]①it作形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的从句。②when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the17thcentury；that引导宾语从句。③what引导从句作challenge的宾语。ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)④.HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst，peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue，butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong，theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn'twanttochallengewhatthey'dalwaysthoughtwastrue.Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn'twanttosearchfortheirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright，thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim，hewaswrongattimes⑤.oreourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords⑥，welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay，“Weknowitall”．因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384－322BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的见解这也不足为奇。亚里士多德认为地球是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上来讲地球是静止不动的。伽利略不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们向来认为是正确的东西。从这一点可以看出，人们是多么不愿意追求自己对事物的理解或自己教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某位重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，那一定是正确的。但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多后继的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利略也犯过错误。虽然他当时以天文学之父而闻名，但是他认为地球以一个精确的圆圈围绕太阳而转动。这是不正确的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断的发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，谁也不能悠闲地说：“我们都知道。”[助读讲解]④It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；本句中as引导原因状语从句。⑤eventhough引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰先行词agreatman。⑥inotherwords换句话说。Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon'tknowitallandprobablyneverwill，forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions⑦.SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei，whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor⑧；morevitaltoaman，andmorebeneficialtomankind，somemightsay，thanallthemoneyintheworld.“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”—GalileoGalilei(1564－1642) 我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，也许我们永远有不懂的地方，因为那将意味着世界上没有问题了。我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利略这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出。他们懂得获得知识和理解是要奋斗的。有人说，对个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易理解：问题是要去发现它们。”——伽利略(1564－1642)[助读讲解]⑦for是并列连词，表示原因。⑧fightfor为……而战第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P42－43教材课文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Peoplethankedthegreatmanwhostudyinascientificway.2．Para.2 B．Thewriter'ssuggestionsofunderstandingthings.3．Paras.3－4 C．Peoplebelievedinreligioninancienttime.4．Para.5 D．Peoplebelievedinwhatsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaid.[答案]1－4BCDA第二步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P42－43教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Whatisthefirststeptoacquireknowledgeandunderstanding?A．Tofindanswers.B．Tostudythefacts.C．Totestanswers.D．Toputforwardquestions.2．Whosolve/solvedproblemsbythinkingandanalyzingaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplenowadays.B．Peopleinthe17thcentury.C．Modernscientistsandthinkers.D．ThegreatphilosopherAristotle.3．Peopleinthe17thcenturydidn'tbelieveGalileoGalileibecause.A．theybelievedmoreinreligionB．theEarthwasstandingstillC．BaconputforwardtheviewthattheEarthmustbethecenteroftheuniverseD．Galileicouldn'tprovehisviewthattheEarthwasnotthecenteroftheuniverse4．What'stheaimofthewriterwhenAristotleandGalileiarereferredtointhefourthparagraph?A．Aristotlewaswrong.B．It'sunbelievableforgreatmentobewrong.C．Galileiwaswrong.D．Everyonecanbewrongattimes.5．What'sthemainideaofthesentence“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem”？A．Alltruthsareeasytodiscover.B．It'smostimportanttodiscovertruths.C．It'smoreimportanttounderstandtruthsthantodiscoverthem.D．Ifwewanttodiscovertruths，weshouldfirstunderstandthem.[答案]1－5DCADB第三步研读——能力升华接轨高考根据P42－43教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式“Who1.questions(question)much，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”saidFrancisBacon.Now2.itseemsobvioushowweacquireknowledgeand