2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习 阅读理解必会单词

2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习

阅读理解必会单词知识梳理01

归纳概括主题(TitleandMainIdea)归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木,更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。找出主题句(topicsentence)是一个有用的方法。中心意思(mainidea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(thebesttitle)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有：Themainpointofthepassageis...Thepassagedealsmainlywith...Thepassageisabout...Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?••••••领悟文章的隐含意义(HiddenMeaning)根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第三点要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；”由于某种原因，作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。这类考题要求考生对于作者这种没有明确说明的写作目的，立场态度，思想倾向作出合理的推断。读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有无障碍的阅读能力，“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。这是阅读测试题中较难的类型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。这种题型的常用提问方式有：Thestorydoesnotsaythis,butfromwhatwehaveread,wecantellthat__________.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat__________.Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is__________.Thepassageimplies,butdoesnotdirectlystatethat__________.Thepassagesuggeststhat__________.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat__________.推理判断(Judgment,LogicalInference)根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第四点要求是：“能理解某句某段的意义，并能把握全篇文脉，即句与句，段与段的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。”这类考题旨在测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象，事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。在作出推理判断时，考生一定要依据短文内容或作者观点，切忌主观臆断，切忌以自己的观点看法取代作者的原意。这种题型的常用提问方式有：Wecaninferthat__________.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.Thepassageimpliesthat__________.Thepassagesuggeststhat__________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.......总之，阅读能力包括对文章的理解力和阅读速度两个方面。阅读课是学生学习语言，掌握语言的重要环节。目前，阅读课一般都是通过讲解文章来培养学生的语言能力，也就是让学生具有语言、语法、词汇等方面的知识，并且是让学生运用这些知识理解和构造句子、段落、文章，以提高他们在语篇水平上进行交际的能力。而文章一般总是由导言、正文和结束语三大部分组成。所以，只有每天坚持做一定数量的阅读理解，并坚持运用正确的阅读方法，才能提高阅读速度，进而提高阅读理解能力。学生获得技能从而提高阅读理解的准确性。在阅读课上应精讲多练，并采用不同的阅读训练的方式，引导学生运用各种阅读技巧并最终获得阅读能力，从而使学生独立阅读能力上一个新台阶。阅读理解重点单词：mercyn.仁慈merelyadv.仅仅，只不过merryadj.欢乐的，愉快的middayn.中午midnightn.午夜mildadj.温柔的；温暖的millionnum.百万minepron.我的n.矿，矿山；地雷，水雷vt.开采mineraln.矿物a.矿物的minimumn.最小量a.最小的ministern.部长，大臣minorityn.少数派；少数民族miserableadj.痛苦的，悲惨的misunderstandvt.误解，误会mixvt.使混合；混淆mobileadj.运动的，移动的modestadj.谦虚的moraladj.合乎道德的n.道德，品行motorn.发动机，机动车mountainousadj.多山的mournvi.哀痛，哀悼movementn.动作；活动；移动multiplyvt.增加；乘musicaladj.音乐的nailn.钉子；指甲vt.钉nationn.民族，国家nationalityn.国籍，民族nativeadj.本土的n.本地人navyn.海军neatadj.整洁的；简洁的needlen.针vt.缝补，编织nephewn.侄子，外甥nestn.巢，窝netadj.净的，纯的n.网，网状物niecen.侄女，外甥女nobleadj.高尚的n.贵族noisyadj.嘈杂的，喧闹的nounn.名词noveln.小说a.新奇的，新颖的nowadaysadv.现今，现在n.现今，当今nowhereadv.任何地方都不nuclearadj.原子核的；核心的obeyvt.顺从vi.服从observevt.观察，注意到obtainvt.获得obviousadj.显而易见的occupationn.占领，占据；职业，工作occupyvt.占领，占有；忙碌occurvi.发生officialadj.官方的n.官员，行政人员ontoprep.到…上operan.歌剧operatevi.操作；施行手术opinionn.意见，看法opposevt.反对，反抗oppositeadj.对面的n.对立物optimisticadj.乐观的oraladj.口头的orbitn.运行轨道vt.环绕ordinaryadj.平常的，平凡的organizevt.组织，安排；筹办originaladj.最初的；新颖的n.创新otherwiseadv.另外，要不然oughtaux.应该outdooradj./ad.户外的，野外的outdoorsadv.在户外n.户外outeradj.外部的，外面的outlinen.轮廓；大纲outstandingadj.突出的，杰出的overcomevt.战胜，克服owevt.欠；归功于packvt.捆扎，打包；挤满n.包packetn.小包painn.痛苦；疼痛painfuladj.痛苦的paintingn.油画；绘画pann.平底锅panicn.恐慌，惊慌paragraphn.(文章的)段，节parceln.包裹，邮包parrotn.鹦鹉participatevi.参与，参加particularadj.特殊的，特定的partlyadv.部分地partnern.伙伴，搭挡，合伙人；配偶passer-byn.过路人passiveadj.被动的，消极的patternn.式样，模型pausen.中止vi.中止，暂停peacefuladj.和平的；平静的pencen.penny的复数perprep.每，每一performvt.执行；演出performancen.履行；表演；表现permitvt.允许n.执照，许可证persuadevt.说服petroln.汽油phenomenonn.现象phrasen.短语，习惯用语pilen.堆vt.堆叠pilln.药丸pillown.枕头pinn.别针，钉子vt.钉住pipevt.用管道输送n.管子，导管；烟斗platformn.站台，讲台playern.表演者，比赛者playmaten.玩伴，游伴pleasedadj.高兴的ploughn.犁vt.犁，耕poetn.诗人poisonn.毒药vt.毒害；投毒polen.杆，柱policyn.政策，方针politicaladj.政治上的politicsn.政治pollutionn.污染portn.港口positiveadj.确定的；积极的；正的possessionn.财产possiblyadv.可能地，也许postcoden.邮递区号potn.锅potentialadj.潜在的n.潜能pourvt.流，倾盆大雨vi.倾泻powdern.粉末；火药powern.能力；电力；权力powerfuladj.强有力的practicaladj.实用的prayvt.请求；祈祷preciousadj.珍贵的，宝贵的predictvt.预言，预测prefervt.宁可，宁愿pressvi.压，按vt.压；压榨n.印刷；新闻，报刊；出版社pretendvt.假装，装作vi.假装principlen.原则，原理processn.过程vt.处理productionn.产品；产量professionn.职业professorn.教授profitn.利润vi.得益projectn.计划；工程；项目vi.伸出vt.设计，规划promotevt.促进，提升；推销provincen.省publishvt.公布，发表；出版，刊印pumpn.泵vt.用泵抽，打气punishmentn.惩罚purchasevt.购买n.购买；赃物pureadj.纯洁的puzzlen.难题；谜vi.使迷惑rangevi.变动，变化n.范围rankn.军衔vt.归类于raten.比率；速度；价格vt.评价，估价rayn.光线；射线reactvi.反应readingn.阅读；读物realityn.现实；真实receptionadj.接待；接待处recognizevt.认出，识别模拟练习02Canyoubetoobeautiful?Itishardlyaproblemthatmostofushavetobother—asmuchaswemightliketodreamthatitwerethecase.Yettheblessingsandcursesofbeautyhavebeenalong-standinginterestinpsychology.Dothoseblessedwithshinyfacesandanattractivebodyliveinacloudofappreciation—ordoesitsometimespaytobeordinary?Combingthroughdecadesoffindings,socialpsychologistsLisaSlatteryWalkerandTonyaFrevertattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatCharlottehavereviewedalltheevidencetodateandtheirconclusionsarenotwhatyoumightexpect.Atthemostbasiclevel,beautymightbethoughttocarryakindofhalo(光环)aroundit;weseethatsomeonehasonegoodquality,andbyassociation,ourdeepmindmayassumethattheyhaveothergoodonestoo.Eveninthecourts,apleasingappearancecanworkitsmagic.Attractivecriminalsarelikelytogetlessstrictsentences,ortoescapepunishmententirely;attractiveplaintiffs(原告),meanwhile,aremorelikelytowintheircaseandgetbiggerfinancialsettlements.“It’saneffectseeneverywhere,”saysWalker.Butifbeautypaysinmostcircumstances,therearestillsituationswhereitcanhaveoppositeresults.Whileattractivemenmaybeconsideredbetterleaders,forinstance,hiddensexistprejudices(偏见)canworkagainstattractivewomen,makingthemlesslikelytobehiredforhigh-leveljobsthatrequirepower.Andasyoumightexpect,good-lookingpeopleofbothsexesrunintoenvy—onestudyfoundthatifyouareinterviewedbysomeoneofthesamesex,theymaybelesslikelytoemployyouiftheyjudgethatyouaremoreattractivethantheyare.Moreworryingly,beingbeautifulorhandsomecouldharmyourmedicalcare.Wetendtolinkgoodlookstohealth,meaningthatillnessesareoftentakenlessseriouslywhentheyaffectthegood-looking.Whentreatingpeopleforpain,forinstance,doctorstendtotakelesscareoverthemoreattractivepeople.Andthebubbleofbeautycanbeasomewhatlonelyplace.Onestudyin1975,forinstance,foundthatpeopletendtomovefurtherawayfromabeautifulwomanonthepathway—perhapsasamarkofrespect,butstillmakinginteractionmoredistant.“Attractivenesscanconveymorepowerovervisiblespace—butthatinturncanmakeothersfeeltheycan’tapproachthatperson,”saysFrevert.Interestingly,theonlinedatingwebsiteOKCupidrecentlyreportedthatpeoplewiththemostbeautifulpicturesarelesslikelytofinddatesthanthosewithlessperfectpictures.Ultimately,Frevertpointsoutthatfocusingtoomuchonyourappearancecanitselfbeharmfulifitcreatesstressandanxiety—evenforthosealreadyblessedwithgoodlooks.“Ifyouarecrazyaboutattractiveness,itmayaffectyourexperienceandinteractions,”shesays.It’sanoutdatedsaying,butnoamountofbeautycanmakeupforabadpersonality.AsthewriterDorothyParkerputitsoelegantly:“Beautyisonlyskindeep,butuglygoescleantothebone.”12.Fromparagraph1,wecanlearnthat_______.A.somemaybebotheredbytheirunattractiveappearanceB.mostpeoplearenotafraidofbeingtoobeautifulC.wemightalwaysdreamaboutbeingbotheredbyothersD.beingtoobeautifulcanbeaproblembotheringeveryone13.Whichisthebenefitforbeautifulpeople?A.Anattractiveplaintiffhasmorechancestogetawaywithpunishment.B.Womenwithpleasingappearancewillalwaysbeconsideredasbetterleaders.C.Good-lookingpeopleareoftenregardedashavingmanygoodqualities.D.Beautifulcriminalsaremorelikelytopersuadethejudgeandwinthecase.14.Thewritermentionedtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphto_______.A.persuadeustopaymoreattentiontoourlooksf