高考英语冲刺卷及答案解析

高考英语冲刺卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21.Unlessyoulearntoforgive，youwillfeelstressedandhavenothingtoyourselfagainstthatstress.A.cushion B.warnC.prejudice D.measure答案A解析句意为：除非你学会原谅，否则你会感到有压力，且没有任何东西可以缓和那种压力。cushion缓和，打击，符合语境。warn警告，告诫；prejudice使有偏见；measure估量。22.Riddingyourselfofthebadhabitcanprotectyouagainstanxietyandtheharmdoestomentalhealth.A.oneB.thisC.itD.that答案C解析句意为：摆脱这个坏习惯可以保护你免受焦虑和它对精神健康造成的危害。根据句意可知，空处指代前面提到的“thebadhabit”，应用it。故选C。23.youpromisetodosomething，youcan’tchangeyourmindjustbecauseyouwanttodoanotherthingmore.A.Until B.OnceC.Unless D.While答案B解析句意为：一旦你许诺做某事，你就不能只因你更想做另外一件事而改变主意。once一旦，一……就，符合语境。until直到……为止；unless除非；while当……的时候。24.ChineseOlympicchampionWuDajing39.505secondstowintheMen’s500metresattheISUShortTrackSpeedSkatingWorldCupheldinSaltLakeCityonNovember12,2018,breakingtheworldrecord.A.clocks B.clockedC.hasclocked D.hadclocked答案B解析句意为：2018年11月12日，中国奥运会冠军武大靖以39.505秒的成绩赢得了在盐湖城举办的ISU短道速滑世界杯男子500米比赛的冠军，打破了世界纪录。根据句中的时间状语“November12,2018”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故选B。25.Aconstantlackofonevitaminina(n)completedietcancausedeficiencydisease，aconditionproducedbyalackofvitaminsorotheressentialsubstances.A.otherwise B.ratherC.anyway D.meanwhile答案A解析句意为：原本均衡的饮食中某种维生素持续缺乏会引起营养缺乏症，即一种缺乏维生素或其他必要(营养)物质而导致的疾病。otherwise除此之外，符合语境。rather相当；anyway而且，无论如何；meanwhile与此同时。26.Relateddepartmentsshouldconductthetargetedon-the-jobtrainingformedicalstaffsbasedontheiractualneedsinordertoimprovetheirprofessionaleffectively.A.consequence B.independenceC.competence D.intelligence答案C解析句意为：有关部门应根据医务人员的实际需要，对他们进行针对性的在职培训以有效提高其专业技能。competence技能，符合语境。consequence后果；independence独立；intelligence智力。27.—Iwouldliketopaintthewallsandgetthecarpetcleaned.—Iyou，Iwouldspendafewdaysdealingwiththosethingsbeforemovingin.A.Should B.WereC.Had D.Was答案B解析句意为：——我想粉刷墙和清洗地毯。——如果我是你，我会在搬进去之前花几天时间处理这些事情。根据语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，从句谓语动词应用过去式，且此处省略了if，故将were提前以构成倒装。28.TheShenzhen-Shantouhigh-speedrailserviceistobeopenedonJan.5,2019inGuangdong，hasbeenconsideredawindowofChina’sreformandopening-up.A.what B.whereC.which D.that答案C解析句意为：深汕高铁服务将于2019年1月5日在广东省开通，而广东省一直被视为中国改革开放的窗口。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Guangdong，故用which。29.Youhavetopayalotofmoneytogiveyourchildrenagoodeducationnowadays!Aplaceinatopuniversityabroad.A.throwsafitB.sitsonthefenceC.costsanarmandalegD.hasafingerineverypie答案C解析句意为：如今你必须花很多钱(才能)让你的孩子受到良好的教育！进入国外顶尖大学需要花一大笔钱。costanarmandaleg(使)花一大笔钱，符合语境。throwafit大为震惊，大发脾气；sitonthefence持观望态度；haveafingerineverypie多管闲事，到处干预。30.Somecreaturesinthedeepseaare，whichcanbedamagedwithaslighttouch.A.delicate B.stickyC.artificial D.deadly答案A解析句意为：深海里的一些生物很脆弱，稍微一碰它们就可能被破坏。delicate脆弱的，符合语境。sticky黏的；artificial假的，非自然的；deadly致命的。31.Haidilaorecentlyopenedasmarthotpotrestaurant,whosekitchen,withtworowsofroboticarms，canautomaticallycollectprepackageddishesfromcoldstorage.A.equipped B.equippingC.toequip D.beingequipped答案A解析句意为：海底捞最近开了一家智能火锅店，其厨房配有两排机械臂，可自动从冷藏库收集预先包装好的菜肴。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。又equip与其逻辑主语kitchen之间构成动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。32.TheABBLEAFAwardsistoinnovativearchitecturaldesignsthatsetthestandardforthenextgenerationoftheinternationalarchitecturalcommunity.A.givenback B.givenawayC.givenoff D.givenout答案D解析句意为：绿叶奖是颁发给创新建筑设计的奖项，这些设计为国际建筑界的下一代树立了标准。giveout分发，符合语境。giveback归还；giveaway赠送；giveoff发出(气味、热、光等)。33.Ithurtheragreatdealallshehaddonefortheprojectinthepastyearswasoflittleorevennouseatall.A.that B.whatC.whether D.why答案A解析句意为：想着过去几年来为这个项目奉献的一切有很少甚至完全没有用处，她伤心欲绝。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的主语从句，且主语从句成分与意义完整，故用that引导该主语从句。34.—Itmustbehisfamilyeducationthathasmadehimwhatheisnow.—Butotherfactorsarealso.A.athand B.ateaseC.atplay D.atbest答案C解析句意为：——一定是他的家庭教育造就了现在的他。——但其他因素也在起作用。atplay起作用，符合语境。athand接近；atease安逸，自由自在；atbest至多。故选C。35.—Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepitsecret.Canyou?—Iwon’ttellanyone.A.Youhavemyword.B.You’vegotmethere.C.That’sthecase.D.That’ssomething.答案A解析句意为：——如果你能保守秘密，我就告诉你真相。你能吗？——我向你保证。我不会告诉任何人的。youhavemyword我向你保证，符合语境。you’vegotmethere你难住我了；that’sthecase情况就是这样；that’ssomething太好了，太棒了。第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGameofLightandShadeItwasasunnyday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen，outsidethedooratthefoot，ablindmancametowardme.Inamoment，hedisappearedupthestairs.Ilookedatthesignthatsaid“TotheTower”，anddecidedto36him.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwas37toseetheattendant(工作人员)sellinghimaticketasifhewereanyothervisitor.Then，withtheticketinonehandand38thewallwiththefingersoftheother，theblindmanreachedthestairs39tothehallway.“Thatmanisblind.Whatwouldablindmanclimbupthetowerfor？”Isaidtotheattendant，expectinghimtoshowsome40，buthedidn’tanswer.“Notthe41certainly，”Isaid.“Perhapshewantsto42.”Iboughtaticketand43upthestairs.Themanhadn’tgoneasfarasI44.Athirdofthewayupthetower，Iheardhis45.Isloweddownandfollowedhimatalittle46.Hestoppedfromtimetotime.Whenhegottothebalcony(阳台)，Iwasadozensteps47.AsIreachedit，Isawhimatthecornerofthetower.Atlast，aftertenminutes，I48him.“Excuseme，”IsaidaspolitelyasIcould，“butIamcurioustoknow49youcameup.”Hesmiled.“Comingupthestairs，youwillnoticehownotjustlightbutsun50intothetowerthroughthenarrowwindowshereandthere，sothatyoucanfeelthe51—thecoolstairssuddenlybecomequitewarm—andhowupherebehindthewallthereis52，butassoonasgoingoppositeawindowyoucanfindthesun.Thereisno53sogoodasthisforfeelingthedifferencebetweenlightandshade.ItisnotthefirsttimeI’vecomeup.”Theblindmanseemedquite54，justlikeachildwhowasenjoyinghisfavoritegames.Hetoldmethetruththatblindmencanalsofindthebeautyinlife55theycannotenjoythesightsoftheworld.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，作者跟随一位盲人登塔，盲人告诉他尽管盲人们无法看到世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。36.A.accept B.followC.control D.visit答案B解析accept接受；follow跟随；control控制；visit参观。我看着“登塔”的指示牌，决定跟随他上去看看具体情况。因为对于他登塔要做的事情，我很好奇。故B项正确。37.A.frightened B.disappointedC.surprised D.embarrassed答案C解析frightened害怕的；disappointed失望的；surprised惊讶的；embarrassed尴尬的。当我看见工作人员把他当做正常人一样，也卖票给他，我感觉很惊讶。故C项正确。38.A.touching B.climbingC.hitting D.covering答案A解析touch触摸；climb攀登；hit击中；cover覆盖。由第一段第二句中的“ablindmancametowardme”可知，对方是一个盲人，所以他只能摸着墙向上攀登。故A项正确。39.A.pointing B.attachingC.contributing D.leading答案D解析pointto指向；attach...to...把……附在……之上；contributeto对……做贡献；leadto导致，通向。句中现在分词短语leadingtothehallway作定语修饰名词thestairs，指通向走廊的楼梯。其余三项语义不搭配。故D项正确。40.A.respect B.doubtC.concern D.sympathy答案C解析respect尊敬；doubt怀疑；concern担心，关心；sympathy同情。我告诉工作人员他是一个盲人，希望工作人员能够多关注他，因为他无法欣赏风景，他很可能是要登塔以后跳下去。故C项正确。41.A.view B.testC.prize D.trick答案A解析view风景，观点；test测试；prize奖品，奖励；trick诡计，把戏。我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景，他是想去跳楼；所以我才让工作人员关注他。故A项正确。42.A.kick B.jumpC.relax D.escape答案B解析句意参考上题解析。kick踢；jump跳跃；relax放松；escape逃跑。故B项正确。43.A.struggled B.exploredC.wandered D.hurried答案D解析struggle挣扎，斗争；explore探索；wander徘徊，闲逛；hurry匆忙。由上文可知，我非常担心这个盲人，所以我买了票以后匆忙爬上楼梯跟着他查看他究竟想做什么。故D项正确。44.A.promised B.examinedC.imagined D.confirmed答案C解析promise承诺；examine检查；imagine想象；confirm确认。这个盲人爬得并没有我想象得那么远，在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。故C项正确。45.A.steps B.wordsC.secrets D.cheers答案A解析句意参考上题解析。step脚步声；word话；secret秘密；cheer欢呼。故A项正确。46.A.standard B.distanceC.expense D.intention答案B解析standard标准；distance距离；expense费用；intention目的，意图。于是我放慢脚步，在后面稍远处跟着他。名词distance表示距离，故B项正确。47.A.ahead B.aroundC.outside D.behind答案D解析ahead在前面；around在附近；outside在外面；behind在后面。当他到阳台的时候，我在后面十几步的地方看着他。本句指我站在他的后面，观察他的行为。故D项正确。48.A.recognized B.surroundedC.approached D.witnessed答案C解析recognize认出，意识到；surround包围；approach靠近；witness目睹，见证。根据下文“Excuseme”可知，我靠近和他打招呼。故C项正确。49.A.why B.howC.when D.whether答案A解析作者一路跟着这位盲人登塔，主要是因为他不知道对方来这里的原因。所以句中使用why引导宾语从句。故A项正确。50.A.knocks B.poursC.slides D.bursts答案B解析knock敲击，击中；pour倾倒；slide滑倒；burst爆发。爬上楼梯，你会注意到的不仅是光线，还有阳光会从窄窄的窗户照射到各处。动词pour表示阳光透过窗户洒在楼梯上。故B项正确。51.A.trend B.reactionC.change D.honor答案C解析trend趋势，倾向；reaction反应；change改变；honor荣耀。从后句“thecoolstairssuddenlybecomequitewarm”可知，指这种变化。故C项正确。52.A.light B.spaceC.mess D.shade答案D解析light光线；space空间；mess杂乱；shade阴影。根据生活常识可知，“behindthewall”通常都有阴影。故D项正确。53.A.place B.signalC.object D.period答案A解析place地方；signal信号；object物体；period阶段，时期。没有什么地方和这里一样可以很好得感觉光和影之间的差别。我不是第一次来这里了。故A项正确。54.A.nervous B.contentC.curious D.patient答案B解析nervous紧张的；content满足的，满意的；curious好奇的；patient耐心的。根据后半句“justlikeachildwhowasenjoyinghisfavoritegames”可知，这个盲人似乎很满足。故B项正确。55.A.unless B.becauseC.once D.although答案D解析unless除非；because因为；once一旦；although尽管。他告诉我尽管盲人无法享受世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。根据句意可知，上下文之间表示让步关系，要用although引导。故D项正确。第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEmployees&JobApplicantsTheU.S.EqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission(EEOC)enforces(强制执行)federallawsprohibitingemploymentdiscrimination.Theselawsprotectyouagainstemploymentdiscriminationwhenitinvolves：★Unfairtreatmentbecauseofyourrace，color，religion，sex(includingpregnancy，genderidentity，andsexualorientation)，nationalorigin，age(40orolder)，disabilityorgeneticinformation.★Harassment(侵扰)bymanagers，co-workers，orothersinyourworkplace，becauseofyourrace，color，religion，sex(includingpregnancy，genderidentity，andsexualorientation)，nationalorigin，age(40orolder)，disabilityorgeneticinformation.★Denialofreasonableworkplaceaccommodationthatyouneedbecauseofyourreligiousbeliefsordisability.★Retaliation(报复)becauseyoucomplainedaboutjobdiscrimination，orassistedwithajobdiscriminationinvestigationorlawsuit.Ifyoubelievethatyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatwork，youcanfirstlitigate(提出诉讼)a“chargeofdiscrimination”.AllofthelawsenforcedbyEEOC，exceptfortheEqualPayAct，requireyoutofileachargeofdiscriminationwithusbeforeyoucanfileajobdiscriminationlawsuitagainstyouremployer.Inaddition，anindividual，organization，oragencymayfileachargeonbehalfofanotherpersoninordertoprotecttheoffendedperson’sidentity.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。美国公平就业机会委员会对就业歧视作了相关说明并引导就业者们正确应对就业歧视。56.What’sthefundamentalaimoftheEEOC?A.Toguaranteelawsareenforcedstrictly.B.Toensureemployeesaretreatedjustly.C.Tohelpjobapplicantsfindsuitablejobs.D.Tourgebossestoimproveworkingconditions.答案B解析细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“TheU.S.EqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission(EEOC)enforces(强制执行)federallawsprohibitingemploymentdiscrimination.Theselawsprotectyouagainstemploymentdiscrimination”可知，美国公平就业机会委员会(EEOC)的根本目的是对抗就业歧视，确保就业者得到公平对待。故选B。57.Whatshouldemployeesdofirsttosafeguardtheirrightswhensufferingdiscrimination?A.Fileachargeofdiscrimination.B.Protecttheotherparty’sprivacy.C.Applyforaworkplaceassessment.D.Litigateajobdiscriminationlawsuitagainstemployers.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ifyoubelievethatyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatwork，youcanfirstlitigate(提出诉讼)a‘chargeofdiscrimination’...againstyouremployer.”可知，如果就业者在就业中受到歧视的话，要想保护自己的正当权益，就业者需要首先提出诉讼，故选A。BWe’veallbeenthere：thosetimesyouneedtoargueyourpointofviewtosomeonewhoyouknowdisagreeswithyou.Youimmediatelygotoyourkeyboardandstarttotypeoutthat280-charactertweet，theFacebookreply，oraparagraphs-longemail.Surelythereason，logic，andstrongpowerofyourwrittenwordswillconvincewhoeveritiswhodisagreeswithyoutoseeyourpointofview.Butnewresearchsuggestsadifferentidea.ThatresearchwasconductedbyJulianaSchroeder，assistantprofessorofUniversityofCalifornia，Berkeley，andhercolleagues.InSchroeder’sstudyofalmost300people，participantswereaskedtowatch，listen，andreadargumentsaboutsubjectstheyagreedordisagreedwith.Theywereaskedtojudgethecharacterofthecommunicatorandthequalityoftheargument.Schroeder’steamfoundthattheparticipantswhowatchedorlistenedtothecommunicatorwerelessdismissive(抵触的)oftheirclaimsthanwhentheyreadthatcommunicator’ssameargument.Theideaforherstudycamefromanewspaperarticleaboutapolitician.Oneofusreadaspeechthatwasprintedinanewspaperfromapoliticianwithwhomhestronglydisagreed.Thenextweek，heheardtheexactsamespeechplayingonaradiostation.Hewasshockedbyhowdifferenthisreactionwastowardthepoliticianwhenhereadthespeechcomparedtowhenheheardit.Whenhereadthestatement，thepoliticianseemedidiotic，butwhenhehearditspoken，thepoliticianactuallysoundedreasonable.Sointheworkplace，speakingtosomeoneinpersonofteninvolvesnothingmorethanwalkingafewdoorsdowntotheiroffice.Andthat’sexactlywhatyoushoulddoifyouneedtoconvincethatbossorcolleagueofwhyyourblueprintforthecompanyorprojectistherightone.Onlyasalastwayshouldyoutrytocommunicatewithsomeonewhoyoudisagreewithoversocialmedia.Twitter’slimitedtextallowanceandsocialmediausers’shortattentionmakearguingyourpointanuphillbattle.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个研究发现：与意见不同的人交流的最好的方法并非是书面交流，而是当面交流。58.What’stheresultoftheresearch?A.Writtenwordsaremorelogicalandreasonable.B.Peopleprefertocommunicatewithkeyboard.C.Whenreadinganargument，theparticipantswerelessdismissivethanhearingit.D.Oral，notwritten，communicationworksbetter.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，研究小组发现，相比观看或聆听交流的参与者来说，阅读文字的参与者更容易有抵触情绪，也就是说口头沟通比书面沟通更好，故D项正确。59.WhyisthepoliticianmentionedinParagraph3?A.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.ToexplainwhySchroederconductedtheresearch.D.Tointroducethepolitician’sspeech.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，施罗德的研究灵感来自于报纸上一篇关于一位政治家的文章，由此可知，第三段提到政治家就是为了解释施罗德为什么开展这项研究，故C项正确。60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“idiotic”inParagraph3mean?A.Wise. B.Practical.C.Silly. D.Special.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“butwhenhehearditspoken，thepoliticianactuallysoundedreasonable”可知，前后语意为转折关系，并结合选项可知画线词词义为“愚蠢的”，故C项正确。CThehemlock(铁杉)treesalongtheWappingerCreek，NewYork，lookhealthy.However，scientistGaryLovettsaysthewhiteballswhichprovideprotectionforthebugsarecreatedbyatinyinsect.It’shardtobelievethetinybugcouldkillatree.However，treescanendupwithmillionsandmillionsofthepests.Whentherearethatmany，itendsupkillingthetree.ThebugfromEastAsiaisslowlykillingtreesacrosstheUSA.Thetrouble-makingbugisjustoneofmanyinvasive(入侵的)peststhathaveslippedintotheUnitedStates.Theycanhurtotherlivingthingsintheirnewhome.Manyinvasivepestsarriveonwoodenpalletspiledinsideshippingcontainers.Theysupportandseparategoods，andkeepthemfromslidingaround.Invasivepestsoftentunnelintothepallets.Howcanwestoppestsfromridingonpallets?Lovettsaysnewrulesareneeded.Thecompaniesthatmakepalletsdon’twantmorerules.Congresshasaddedanamendment(修正案)inthe2018FarmBilltotryandpreventthisproblem.However，Lovettisnothopefulitwillmakemuchofadifference.Palletsarecheckedbyinspectors.Manyaresprayedwithbug-killingpesticide.“Ibelieveinthesystem，”saidBrentMcClendon，presidentofTheNationalWoodenPalletandContainerAssociation.Healsosaidshippingcontainersarecheckedverycarefully.Still，eachyear13millioncontainersareshippedtotheUS.Eachisfullofwoodenpallets.Lovettsays，“Inspectorscan’tpossiblycheckeverything.Allittakesareafewbadpallets;weshouldgetridofwoodenpallets.”Hebelievespalletsshouldbemadeofplasticoreco-compositewood.Eco-compositewoodisamixofwoodfiberandplastic.Insectscannothideintoit.Oneproblemisthatthesechoicescostmore.Theymaybeworththeextramoney，though.InvasivepestscosttheUS$5billionayear.Treesdon’tjustdieinforests.Theyalsodieincitiesandouryards.Then，theyneedtobereplaced.Thatcostsmoney，too.语篇解读本文介绍了美国铁杉树虫害由运输过程中使用的木板所携带的外来蛾虫所致。政府颁布了法案力图解决但收效甚微。有关人士就此也提出相应的解决方案。61.AllthestatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat.A.pesticidehasbeenappliedtobug-killingB.thecompaniesmakingpalletsdon’twantmorerulesC.invasivepestshideinpalletsusedinshippingD.invasivepestsarenativetoWappingerCreek答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ThebugfromEastAsiaisslowlykillingtreesacrosstheUSA.”可知，此害虫为外来物种，并非瓦平格河土生土长的，故选D。62.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Bugswon’tbotherthetreeifjustinfewnumbers.B.Bugsruintheshippinggoodsslowly.C.Bugscanbeeasilyspottedbyeyes.D.Bugscovertreeswithwhitesoftballsforprotection.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“However，treescanendupwithmillionsandmillionsofthepests.Whentherearethatmany，itendsupkillingthetree.”可知，每棵树上都会有大量的害虫，当达到一定数量之后，树木就会死亡，故可以推出，少量的害虫不会造成树木死亡，故选A。63.WhydoesGaryLovettwanttogetridofwoodenpallets?A.Becauseinsectsmostlydieinthem.B.Becausetheyarethemajorpestcarriers.C.Becausetheyarenotworthextramoney.D.Becauseplasticpalletsareeco-friendly.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句以及最后一段第五、六、七句可知，木板是铁杉斑螟蛾虫的主要载体，所以要把木制的板子换成塑料的，让蛾虫无藏身之地，故选B。64.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Congresscontributesalottodealingwithinvasivepests.B.Effectivemeasureshavestoppedthepestinvasion.C.InvasivepestsareharmingplantsintheUSA.D.EcosystemintheUSAispoorlydamagedbyinvasivewoods.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后三句并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述外来蛾虫入侵所致的铁杉树虫害，会给当地的树木造成剧烈的影响以及巨大的经济损失，故选C。DGovernments，non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andcharitiessentrepresentativestoStockholm，SwedeninAugust,2017forWorldWaterWeekactivities.Thesubjectofthatyear’scampaignwas“WaterandWaste：ReduceandReuse”.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveydefineswastewaterasusedwater.Itisthewaterthatcomesoutofpipesfrompeople’shomes—fromtheirbathrooms，washingmachinesanddishwashers.Itcancontainsubstancessuchashumanwaste，foodpieces，oils，andchemicals.Businessesandindustriesalsousewaterthatmustbecleaned.Wastewatercanalsohaveharmfulsubstancesthatwashoffroads，areaswheremotorvehiclesarekept，andtopsofbuildingswhenitrains.①ToddGartneroftheWorldResourcesInstitutesaysonlyasmallamountofwastewaterisbeingreusedforotherpurposes.“Somethinglike，Ithink，onlyfourorfivepercentofwastewaterisbeingrecycledforanyusefulpurpose.Andover90percentofwastewaterisjustrawwater.Right，youobviouslyhavesomenutrientsandsomemetalsyouhavetofilter(过滤)out，butthetechnologyisincreasinglybecomingavailabletotreatandreusethatwastewater.”②Gartnersaysthesimplestep—reusingwater—couldmakeabigdifference.Henotesthatrecyclingisalreadyhappeninginsomeplaces.“Evenforpotablewater，therearealotofplaceswherepeoplearetreatingwastewatertodrinkablestandards.Andifyouthinkofthatasanoption，itdramaticallyreducesourneedtothinkofusingfreshwatereachtime.”Treatingwastewaterisgoodforhumanbeingsbecauseitprovidesfreshwaterforus.Butitalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.“Eightypercentofwastewateraroundtheworldisnottreatedatall，whichmeansthatitisrunningintooceansandbays.”③SarahFeakins，aprofessorattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia，saysagricultureisreducingtheamountofwaterintheground.“Itiswell-knownthatthewatertablelevelisdroppingbecauseofallthewaterbeingusedforagriculture，sothatmeanswecannotkeepdoingwhatwearedoingforaverylongtime.Weactuallyhavetochangewhatwearedoing.”④ToddGartnerbelievestherearetwokindsofsolutions.Oneisthroughlowtechnology，likereforestation，orplantingtrees，andfixingpipesthatleak.Morehightechsolutionsincludebetterwateringmethodsforagriculture，andfactoriesremovingsaltfromsaltwater.Onaverage，theworldusesabout10billiontonsofwateraday.Andwhile75percentofourplanetiscoveredwithwater，onlyabouttwopercentisfreshwater—thatcomesfromrivers，lakes，iceandsnow.Therest,98percentofthewater，isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thisiswheredesalination(脱盐)businessescomein.TheInternationalDesalinationAssociationsaystherearemorethan19,000desalinationplantsworldwide.Theyprocessmorethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.Buttheyrequirealotofenergy.Currently，desalinationoperationsarefoundmostlyincoastalnationswithlargeenergysupplies.Researchersareworkingtocreatealesscostlytechnology.Theyarestudyingaprocesscalledmembrane(膜)desalination.Itmoveswaterthroughspecialmembranesthatkeepthelargersaltmoleculesfrompassingthrough.NikolayVoutchkov，presidentofWaterGlobeConsultants，saysothertechnologies，suchasusingmembraneswithenzymesandnanoparticles，maycutthecostofusingdesalinationforlargeamountsofwater.“Ifwecouldimaginethatwecouldcreatethatstructurethatlookslikeahoneycomb，wewouldincreaseproductionbyabout20timesthatofwhatwehavetoday.”Scientistssayfindingalesscostlydesalinationprocesswouldmeanlesspressureonnaturalsourcesofcleanwaterandperhapsthefundamentalwayoutofthelackoffreshwater.AndToddGartnersayseveryoneshouldhaveaccesstocleanwater.“Waterisahumanrightandwewanttomakesurethateveryonehasaccesstoclean，pureplentifulwater.Rightnow，wearenotallocatingitinawaythatsuggestsitisahumanrightandeveryonedeservestheirequalshare.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了当今人类所面临的水资源短缺问题，并就此提供了一些应对方案。65.WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWaterWeekactivitiesinthefirstparagraph?A.Tohighlightthesubjectofthecampaign.B.Tostresstheseverityofwatershortage.C.Toshowtheurgencyofsavingwater.D.Toleadtothetopicofthepassage.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thesubjectofthatyear’scampaignwas‘WaterandWaste：ReduceandReuse’.”及下文对于淡水资源短缺问题的阐述可知，作者在第一段提及世界水周活动是为了引出文章的主题。故选D。66.WhichstatementaboutwastewatermayToddGartneragreewith?A.Recycledwastewaterisashealthfulasfreshwater.B.Peopleworldwiderarelyputwastewatertogooduse.C.Somepeopleareprejudicedagainstreusablewastewater.D.Reusablewastewatercanhardlymeetdrinkablestandards.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“onlyasmallamountofwastewaterisbeingreusedforotherpurposes”及第五段中的“Somethinglike，Ithink，onlyfourorfivepercentofwastewaterisbeingrecycledforanyusefulpurpose.”可知，世界范围内只有很少一部分，大约4%或5%的废水被循环使用。由此可推知，世界各地的人们很少将废水进行有效利用。故选B。67.Whichisthebestplaceforthesentence“Anotherproblemisthatpeopleareusingmorecleanwaterthanourplanethas.”？A.①B.②C.③D.④答案C解析推理判断题。题干中提到的句子是过渡句。上文应讲述存在的问题之一，即大部分废水没有被循环使用，接下来讲述第二个问题，即人们对水资源的过度使用。结合第九段中的“agricultureisreducingtheamountofwaterintheground”及第十段的内容可知，作者以农业中水资源被过度使用为例来说明人们对水资源的过度使用问题，也就是说该句话应放在③处。故选C。68.Whatmaybetheproblemwithdesalination?A.Itsprocessisfartoocomplex.B.Itishighlyenergy-consuming.C.Fewbusinessesareinterestedinit.D.Itisavailableonlyincoastalnations.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第六段中的“Buttheyrequirealotofenergy.”可知，海水脱盐非常耗能。故选B。69.Accordingtoscientists，thefundamentalwaytodealwithfreshwatershortagemayliein.A.conservingwaterB.updatingtechnologyC.recyclingwastewaterD.distributingwaterproperly答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，科学家认为降低海水脱盐过程的费用可能是解决淡水短缺的根本方法。再结合倒数第五段中的“Researchersareworkingtocreatealesscostlytechnology”可知，降低海水脱盐的成本需要借助科技。由此可知，在科学家看来，改进科技可能是解决水资源短缺的根本方法。故选B。70.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Bycomparingopinionsfromdifferentsides.B.Byraisingaproblemandprovidingsolutions.C.Bypresentingacauseandanalyzingitseffects.D.Bylistingtypicalexamplesandrelevantfigures.答案B解析写作手法题。纵观全文，文章首先讲到当今世界人类面临的水资源短缺这一难题，然后阐述了一些解决该问题的方法：如回收再利用废水、种树、海水脱盐等。由此可知，本文是通过提出一个问题，然后提供解决方案的方式来行文的。故选B。第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Whenwebuysomethinginthemarket，oftenweareslightlyskepticaloftheseller.Whyisitso？Weareworriedthatthesellermightknowsomethingthatwedonotknow.Andifwemakeawrongselectionduetoconcealment(隐瞒)bytheseller，wemightfallvictimtoadverseselection.Adverseselectioncanbedefinedasaphenomenoninthemarketthatarisesduetoasymmetric(不对等的)informationbetweenbuyersandsellers，whichleadstoalosstoeitherorthetwo.Hereisanexampleofadverseselection.Intheinsuranceindustry，typically，thosewhoareathigherriskofhealthproblemswillfinditmorebeneficialtobuyaninsurancepolicythanhealthypeoplewhoareatmuchlowerrisk.Thosewhoarehealthywillfindthepremiums(保险费)toohightopay，andhence，theywon’ttakeouttheinsurancecover.Also，theinsuredmighthidevitaldatathatmightthreatenhishealthorlife，andchoosenottodisclosetheinformationtotheinsurer.Forexample，asmokerismorelikelytosufferfromhealthproblems，andhence，hewillmorelikelybuyaninsurancepolicytolowertheriskthananon-smoker.Thatmeansevennon-smokershavetopayahighpremium，whichdiscouragesthemfrombuyingtheinsurancepolicy.Thisisahugelosstotheinsurancecompany.Sometimes，theinsurancecompanymightnotbeabletodistinguishbetweenhigh-riskandlow-riskinvestors.Duetothisfact，itmightbedifficultforaninsurancecompanytocalculatetheinsurancepremium.Foranotherexample，ifalenderdoesn’tdoapropercheckonthefinancialpositionofafirmtowhichitislendingmoney，andaccordingly，doesn’tchargehigh-riskborrowershigherinterestrates,thatwillleadtoadverseselection.Torelievetherisk,thelenderwouldincreasetheinterestrates，andthelow-riskborrowerswhocannotaffordhighinterestratesmightautomaticallybedrivenout.Adverseselection,ifleftunchecked,cancreatealotoffinancialproblems.Forexample,withfewerinvestmentsduetoadverseselection，insurancefirmsmaysuffer;aswithoutinvestments，therewillbelessercapitalforexpansionanddevelopmentactivities.Ifhigh-riskinvestorsaremore，aninsurancecompany’srevenuewilldecreaseconsiderably.Alsoasymmetricinformationmayleadtoalotoffinanciallosses.Ifyoubuyausedcarwhichdoesn’tgiveperformanceasgoodaswhatisexpected，yourinvestmentinthatcarisn’tgettingthebestpossiblereturns.Worsestill，a