2022年中考英语二轮复习讲义-名词（牛津译林版）（无答案）

2022年中考英语二轮复习讲义与练习

名词

班级姓名学号

课标考点

1.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。3.掌握名词所

有格和名词作定语的用法。

考点一：不可数名词

1.分类不可数名词分为：表示无法分为个体的物质,如rice,water,milk等和表示动作、

状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work,time,health等。常考的不可数名词还有：music,

fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,

progressbread,music,furniture,sugar,knowledge,trouble,progress,traffic,weather,fun,beef

等.

2.基本用法：不可数名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面丕

能使用冠词或数词

3.既可数又不可数的名词，有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义

不同。如：

space—___—（可数）；_____（不可数）fish—______（可数）；___（_不_可

数）

glass—•_（可数）；______（不可数）paper___—（可数）；—一（不

可数）

work—___（可数）；_______（不可数）experience一_____（可数）；_一（不

可数）

exercise—________（可数）；_________（不可数）achievement--_______（可数）；

________（不可数）

4.不可数名词量的表达.不可数名词的数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：

数词+可数名词+of+不可数名词。如：一块面包两杯茶

三杯橘汁几则建议

考点二：可数名词变复数

1.规则变化：(1)一般在词尾加。如：lake-lakes；mouth-mouths；month-months；

arm—>anns；key—>keys；boy—boys；grownup—grownups；pound—>pounds；dollar—>dollarso

(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加。如：bus-buses；box—boxes；brush—>brushes；

sandwich一sandwiches；wish—wishes；church—churches；glass一glasses；beach—beaches。

注意：stomach—*

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变为,再加o如：factory^factories；

library—libraries；city—cities；country一countries；story一stories；family-families；

strawberry—>strawberries；dictionary—>dictionaries；party—parties；hobby—hobbies。

(4)以o结尾的大多加s,少数加eSo如：zoo—>zoos；photo—photos；radio—>radios；

piano—>pianos；kangaroo-kangaroos；

注意：hero—>heroes；tomato^tomatoes；potato—potatoes;mango—>mangoes

⑸以f或fe结尾的词，变或为加o如：knifb-knives；

lea—leaves；shelf^shelves；half^halves；thie—thieves；wifb一wives；woUwolves；

lifb—lives。

2.不规则变化：不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：

(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：fbot—feet；tooth—»teeth；man—men；

woman—>women；Englishman—Englishmenfrenchman—frenchmen但：German—»Germans

human—humans

(2)词尾加ren,如：child—>。

(3)单、复数相同。如：sheep—sheep；deer—deer；fish—flsh；Chinese—*；

Japanese—*»

(4)有些名词只表示复数。如：people,trousers,scissors,glasses(眼镜)。

(5)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：woman

teacher—womenteachers女教师；mandoctor—>mendoctors男医生。

补充：可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式：

few,afew,many,several,a(large/small)numberof/acoupleof+可数名词

little,alittle,much,alarge/smallamountof,agreatdealof+不可数名词

some,any,plentyof,enough,alotof/lotsof+可数/不可数名词

考点三：名词所有格

1.构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：

①一般情况下在名词后加's。如：迈克的汽车我妈妈的头发

②以s结尾的复数名词只加)如：教师节三个小时的步行

③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加，s。如：妇女节儿童节

(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of+名词”构成。如：

我们教室的一张照片一张中国地图

［注意J表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用's构成所有格。如：

今天的报纸世界人口

(3)当人名是以s结尾时，也加&Charles的车.

2.特殊用法(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's；表

示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加，s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间莉莉

和露西各自的房间___________________

⑵表示“家”、“店铺”等处所。如：atLiLeib在李雷家在诊所

(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词『或"of+名词性物主代词”.

如:我父亲的一本书

①a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many+名词+of+名词,s。如:afriendof

myfather's

②…名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：afriendofmine=oneofmyfriends我的一

个朋友

3.名词普通格作定语时的形式名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sporls,clolhes

例外。

papertigers纸老虎workplaces工作的地方sportsshoes运动鞋

考点四：名词的后缀

1.表示人的：-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-ress

如：win-winnerrun-runnersupport-supporterinvent-inventorvisit-visitor

direct-directoract-actor/actresscollect-collectorcreate-creatorsurvive-survivor

art-artistscience-scientist

2.动词转名词：“ion,-sion,-ing,-(s)ure,-ment,-ance

如：pronounce-pronunciationexpress-expressionbegin-beginningpress-pressure

agree-agreementperform-performanceinvite-invitationinvent-invention

3.其它：-th,-dom,-ce,-y,-ty,-ness,-ship,-hood

如：warm-warmthfree—freedomdifferent-differenceimportant—importance

difficult-difficultysafe-safetybusy-businessfriend-friendshipchild-childhood

strong-strength

考点五：名词作句子成分

1.名词作主语

1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Twohours(be)enoughforustogetthere.

2).量词短语“数字+量词+of+…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。

Apairofshoes(be)underthebed.

Twopiecesofpaper(be)onthedesk.

3).名词+介词(with、except>alongwith....)+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面

的名词保持一致。

Theteacherwiththestudents(be)plantingtreesonthehill.

4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、notonly-butalso…”连接主语时，谓语动词

实行就近原则。

NeitherhenorI(be)aFrenchman.

2.名词作定语：

1)名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.

2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport)Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnext

week.

3).man、woman作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。

onemanteachertwowomenteachers

强化训练：

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Whenthecatisaway,the(mouse)willplayhappily.

2.Itiscommonthatthesunsetsdowninthewest,(know)

3.Tveahighfever,soIneedtogotothe(doctor).

4.The(survey)haveshownthatmorethanhalfofthechildrenlikeUSTVseries

best.

5.Ifsabouttwenty(minute)ridefrommyhousetothecitycentre.

6.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare(German),andonlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).

7.Wouldyoupleasemakesome(room)fortheoldman,sir?

8.Several(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.

9.Moreandmorepeoplealloverthecountryareworriedaboutfood(safe).

10.Eatingtoomanysweetsisbadforyour(tooth).

11.JackieChanisafamous.Thesedressesarefor.

(act)

12.Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject—.(chemical)

13.Todaymoststudentscangotohighschoolforfurther(educate)inour

country.

14.Youcanmakea(choose)amongthoseprogrammes.

15.ThatFrenchrestaurantprovidesnotonlydeliciousfoodbutgood(serve).

16.Thereporterinterviewedourheadmasteronhowtoraiseour(student)

abilities.

17.Thecompasshelpedpeoplemakemany(discover)inthepast.

18.Thecomputerisconsideredasoneofthemostimportant(invent)inthe

20thcentury.

19.Therearequiteafew(tomato)inthesetwo(photo).

20.Aftersome(1ead)visittothevillage,theyreachedanagreement.

21.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe(true).

22.Hurryup!The(interview)havebeentherefor10minutes.

23.Weareplanningtohaveaninterviewwiththe(win)ofthefootballgame.

24.Thesungivesus(hot)andlight.Nothingcanlivewithoutthesun.

25.Mikehasbeenusedtotheschoollifeandhasmadegreat(achieve).

26.Myuncleworksonamodernfarm.He'sthinandofaverage.(high)

27.Father9s(silent)showedthathewasveryangryatwhatIdid.

28.Sherefusedtojoinour(discuss)andfinishedherpaperalone.

29.Acarelessdriverandtheterribleweatherwereresponsibleforthesepeople's.(die)

30.Shanghaiwilllimit(限制)thenumberoftowetlandsonChongmingIsland.(visit).

31.It'shardtrainingnotthathashelpedLiuXiangbreaktherecordsagain,(lucky)

二、根据中文提示完成单词

l.Thestudentsstandinginfrontofthelibraryareall(非洲人).

2.IfyouliketogotoHongKongforshopping,youcangothereinany(季节).

3.Ifyoudon'tknowthe(意，怛)ofthewords,you'dbetterlookthemupinthe

dictionary.

4.Youngchildrenshouldhavegood(习惯)，suchasgettingupearlyandhavinga

healthydiet.

5.Danielenjoysswimming.Heisoneofthebest(游泳者)inmyclass.

6.The(美丽)oftheSummerPalaceattractsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.

7.Great(进步)hasbeenmadeinthefieldofmedicine.

8.Wemusthavethe(勇气)tofaceallthedifficultiesinourlives.

9.Theymadea(选择)tolightup999candlestomourn(哀悼)thedeathofthe

bravefiremen.

10.Ifthereisa(机会)inamillionthatyoucandosomething,pleasedoit.

11.BillGatesisagreatmanof(财富)andinfluenceintheworld.

12.Jimlikeslisteningtomusicandenjoyswatchingallkindsofmusic(视频)inhis

sparetime.

13.Everyyearsomepeoplewouldliketoworkinthe(东北方)ofChina.

14.Oneofthe(长处)oflivinginthecitycenteristhatyoucanbuyalmost

everythingyouwant.

三、单项选择

()1.-Canyouseealittleinthepicture?一Yes,behindthetrei.

A.dogsB.horsesC.sheepD.ducks

()2.fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.

A.JackandMike'sB.Jack'sandMike'sC.JackandMikeD.Jack'sand

Mike

()3.SamisdoingsomeabouttheancientSilkRoad.

A.exerciseB.operationsC.researchD.experiments

()4.Thethemeparkisabout_______ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.

A.twohourB.twohour'sC.twohours'D.twohours

()5.Mary'sskirtisthesameasher______.

A.sisterB.brotherC.brother'sD.sister's

()6.—Couldyoupleaseoffermesome_________inmyresearch?—Yes,sure.

A.ideaB.messageC.suggestionD.advice

()7.-1amgoingtoCarrefour.Letmegetyousomefreshfruil.-Thanksforyour.Ifsso

niceofyou.

A.offerB.planC.adviceD.information

()8.Sameatstoomuch.Hedoesn'teatany.

A.tomatoes;chickenB.tomato;chickenC.chicken;tomatoesD.chickens;

tomatoes

()9.Don*tstandtooclosetoNorthAmericans.You'dbettergivethemmorepersonal

A.timeB.systemC.spaceD.pity

()10.Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabetweenworkandrelaxation.

A.diaryB.promiseC.balanceD.lead

()1Litisacceptedbyeveryonethatknowledgeisthemostvaluable_forhumanbeings.

A.standardB.treasureC.inventionD.instruction

()12.IamsureCindywillbeabletofindthebusstation—shehasaprettygoodof

direction.

A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense

()13.1boughtChituiDailyfromastreet-comermachinethismorning.

A.apageof